Simultaneous removal of sulfides and benzene in FCC gasoline by in situ hydrogenation over NiLaIn/ZrO2-r-Al2O3

Scale-up reactivation of spent S-Zorb adsorbents for gasoline desulfurization

Reactivating and recycling spent S-Zorb adsorbents reduce fresh adsorbents consumption and hazardous wastes emissions. Though the spent adsorbents have been successfully reactivated in the laboratory, a pilot-scale practice is indispensable before the industrial production. Herein, the reactivation of spent adsorbents was performed at laboratory (1.0 L), middle (10 L) and pilot (3000 L) scale, respectively. The inert Zn₂SiO₄ and ZnS over the spent adsorbents are recovered to active ZnO, and the NiS is transformed into NiO. There is almost no amplification effect in pore structure and acidity of the reactivated adsorbents, while NiO particle size reduces slightly with the reactivation scales. The computational fluid dynamic simulation indicates that enhanced contact between spent adsorbents and acid/alkaline reagents at larger scale account for the smaller NiO particle. It provides more hydrogenolysis centers for CS bonds breakage after reduction, increasing initial desulfurization activity. More importantly, the adsorbent reactivated at pilot scale exhibits comparable activity to the fresh one in gasoline desulfurization. The sulfur content in the outlet decreases to less than 10 μg g^-1 from 1 h of reaction. Thus, the reactivation of spent S-Zorb adsorbents is successfully scaled up to the pilot scale, accelerating industrial practice in recycling the spent adsorbents.

Competition between reactive adsorption desulfurization and olefin hydrogenation over the NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbent

The RADS process inhibits olefin hydrogenation by competitive adsorption, which is affected by temperature and Ni loading.

Ionic liquid-supported 3DOM silica for efficient heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization

DBT is absorbed by IL-3DOM SiO₂ and then oxidized to DBTO₂ in the presence of H₂O₂.