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Zhang C, Tian H, Wang Z, Zhu L, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun Y. Degradation of PAHs in soil by activated persulfate system with activated carbon supported iron-based bimetal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161323. [PMID: 36603632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a material of activated carbon (AC)-supported highly active iron-based bimetal (iron-copper bimetal/AC, Fe-Cu/AC) with high efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation in soil by activating persulfate, benefiting from the synergistic effect that the characteristics of AC with porous carbon backbone, multiple active functional groups, high loading capacity and the characteristics of FeCu bimetal with high activity. The addition of Cu to the Fe-based/AC activator not only improved the dispersibility of Fe particles but also maintained the stability of the metal in the Fe-Cu/AC. The thermal activation (50 °C) promoted the degradation of PAHs by the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system. Of the various systems tested, the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system had the best degradation efficiency for 19 PAHs, with the overall efficiency following the order of Fe-Cu/AC + S2O82- > Fe-Cu + S2O82- > Fe-Cu/AC > S2O82-. The degradation mechanism of the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system on soil PAHs showed that OH, OOH, and SO4- were the main active groups involved in the degradation of target PAHs. The target pollutants and their degradation products in the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system indicated specific exposure pathways, providing a theoretical basis for the remediation of PAH-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huifang Tian
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingshuang Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Research Center for Advanced Energy and Carbon Neutrality, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Solidification, remediation and long-term stability of heavy metal contaminated soil under the background of sustainable development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10330. [PMID: 35725993 PMCID: PMC9209515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the global pollution has seriously exceeded the standard. With the passage of time, pollution has gradually affected people's daily lives, but the solution to pollution is far from achieving a better treatment effect. For the treatment of pollution, in addition to considering the treatment effect, it is also necessary to consider whether the treatment method will cause pollution and the cost of the treatment of the pollutants. As one of the lifelines of human survival, the land is also suffering from pollution. The impact of heavy metal pollution is particularly serious, and there is no better solution. Based on this, this paper proposes a curing agent based on sustainable remediation to solve the soil pollution of heavy metals. The main material is Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), which has excellent social development characteristics in all aspects, and the raw materials are calcium carbide residue (CCR) and phosphogypsum (PG) to explore a more suitable curing agent. (consisting of BOFS, CCR, and PG, abbreviated as BCP). The experimental results in this paper show that the volume of pores and pores in the agglomerates are slightly reduced, and the content of curing agent is increased from 4 to 10%, while the corresponding volume is only reduced by 0.006 and 0.017 mL/g. Therefore, it can be seen that the reduction of the pore volume between the aggregates of the stabilized species of BCP has made a major contribution to the strength development.
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Popov N, Rončević S, Duduković N, Krčmar D, Mihaljev Ž, Živkov Baloš M, Đorđievski S. Ex situ remediation of sediment from Serbia using a combination of electrokinetic and stabilization/solidification with accelerated carbonation treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14969-14982. [PMID: 33222071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of three simple and cost-effective technologies for ex situ remediation of the sediment of Begej River in Serbia is presented in this paper. In the first step, conventional electrokinetic treatment (EK) was carried out to reduce the amount of contaminated sediment and enhance the accumulation of metals. Subsequently, stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatment was applied to the remaining portion of polluted sediment to immobilize the accumulated metals. At the same time, the influence of accelerated carbonation on the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated. The immobilizing agents used in this study included bio ash produced by combustion of wheat and soy straw mixture and bio ash derived from molasses incineration. After the treatments, the risk assessment was performed by using the sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and TCLP and DIN 3841-4 S4 leaching tests. The results obtained after the EK treatment revealed a reduction in the amount of polluted sediment to a half. Leaching tests and SEP performed on S/S mixtures after a 28-day maturation period indicated that accelerated carbonation decreased the mobility of critical metals, especially in wheat and soy straw mixtures. Moreover, based on the leaching tests, all prepared mixtures were categorized as non-hazardous and safe for disposal according to the relevant Serbian regulations. The newly developed method that combines EK and S/S treatments with the addition of accelerated carbonation produced reduced volumes of stabilized sediment which is safe for disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Popov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Rončević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Krčmar
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Željko Mihaljev
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Živkov Baloš
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Stefan Đorđievski
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni Bulevar 35, Bor, 19210, Serbia
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Sörengård M, Gago-Ferrero P, B Kleja D, Ahrens L. Laboratory-scale and pilot-scale stabilization and solidification (S/S) remediation of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123453. [PMID: 32707463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is critical due to the high persistence and mobility of these compounds. In this study, stabilization and solidification (S/S) treatment was evaluated at pilot-scale using 6 tons of soil contaminated with PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam. At pilot-scale, long-term PFAS removal over 6 years of precipitation (simulated using irrigation) in leachate from non-treated contaminated reference soil and S/S-treated soil with 15 % binder and 0.2 % GAC was compared. PFAS removal rate from leachate, corresponding to reduction in leaching potential after 6 years, was >97 % for four dominant PFASs (perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)), but low (3%) for short-chain perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA). During the pilot-scale experiment, PFAS sorption strength (i.e., soil-water partitioning coefficient (Kd)) increased 2- to 40-fold for both reference and S/S-treated soil, to much higher levels than in laboratory-scale tests. However, PFAS behavior in pilot-scale and laboratory-scale tests was generally well-correlated (p < 0.001), which will help in future S/S recipe optimization. In addition, seven PFASs were tentatively identified using an automated suspect screening approach. Among these, perfluorohexanesulfonamide and 3:2 fluorotelomer alcohol were tentatively identified and the latter had low removal rates from leachate (<12 %) in S/S treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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Wang W, Li D, Liu X. From aliphatic compounds contaminated soil to active building material: An emerging opportunity for soil remediation and waste utilisation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109986. [PMID: 32777277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contaminated with the production wastewater of 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid is extremely hazardous and difficult to bioremediate. In this study, a cost-effective method was developed to reduce the risk of contaminated soil and produce building materials through a combination of ultrasonic processing and solidification/stabilisation. Ultrasonic processing conditions of 5 min at 40 kHz were found to significantly improve the compressive strength of bricks. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the enhanced strength was due to the ultrasonic processing controlling the shape and scale of the crystals and microstructure of the cement paste. Furthermore, the effect of the activating agent, CaO, on the leaching toxicity of the bricks was closely related to the curing temperature. Under natural dry conditions (10-25 °C), the leaching toxicity decreased along with the reduction of CaO. However, under high artificial temperature conditions (40 °C), increasing the CaO was beneficial for decreasing the leaching toxicity. The addition of 2.91% CaO was suitable for improving brick performance under both natural dry (10-25 °C) and artificial temperature curing conditions (40 °C). The results of GC-MS revealed that 64.8% and 66.7% of organic species and organic volume, respectively, were reduced in the leachate of the bricks, which was produced by CaO activation and ultrasonic treatments. It was demonstrated that the optimal combined process for cost-effectively transforming hazardous soil to active building materials is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Deping Li
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuntao Liu
- School of Accountancy, Hubei University of Economics, Hubei, 430205, PR China.
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6
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Abbas Y, Lu W, Wang Q, Dai H, Liu Y, Fu X, Pan C, Ghaedi H, Cheng F, Wang H. Remediation of pyrene contaminated soil by double dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology: Performance optimization and evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113944. [PMID: 32014741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil are not only detrimental to environment but also to human health. Double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) plasma reactor used for the remediation of pyrene contaminated soil was studied. The performance of DDBD reactor was optimized with influential parameters including applied voltage, type of carrier gas, air feeding rate as well as pyrene initial concentration. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that input energy had a great effect on pyrene remediation efficiency followed by pyrene initial concentration, while, the effect of air feeding rate was insignificant. More specifically, the remediation efficiency of pyrene under air, nitrogen and argon as carrier gas were approximately 79.7, 40.7 and 38.2% respectively. Pyrene remediation efficiency is favored at high level of applied voltages and low level of pyrene initial concentration (10 mgkg-1) and air feeding rate (0.85 L/min). Moreover, computation of the energy efficiency of the DDBD system disclosed that an optimal applied voltage (35.8 kV) and higher initial pyrene concentration (200 mgkg-1) favored the high energy efficiency. A regression model predicting pyrene remediation under DDBD plasma condition was developed using the data from a face-centered central composite design (FCCD) experiment. Finally, the residual toxicity analysis depicted that the respiratory activity increased more than 21 times (from 0.04 to 0.849 mg O2 g-1) with a pyrene remediation efficiency of 81.1%. The study demonstrated the DDBD plasma technology is a promising method not only for high efficiency of pyrene remediation, but also recovering biological function without changing the physical-chemical properties of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawar Abbas
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huixing Dai
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xindi Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Pan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hosein Ghaedi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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7
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Effects of Long-Term Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Pb-Contaminated Soil: Deterioration Characteristics and Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051798. [PMID: 32164256 PMCID: PMC7084238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of long-term repeated freeze-thaw cycles and pollution levels on the engineering properties (qu, E50, φ, c, and k) of Pb-contaminated soils were investigated in various laboratory tests. These soils were solidified/stabilized (S/S) with three types of cement-based combined binders (C2.5S5F5, C5S2.5F2.5, and C5S5, cement, lime, and fly ash, mixed in different proportions; these materials are widely used in S/S technology). The strength and permeability coefficient of compound solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated soils (Pb-CSCSs) were determined based on measurements of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and permeability. CT scanning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were employed to analyse the deterioration mechanisms under various repetitions of freeze-thaw cycles. The results showed that, under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the engineering properties of Pb-CSCSs all degraded to varying degrees, though degradation tended to stabilise after 30 days of freeze-thaw cycles. The study also found that the pollutants obstruct hydration and other favourable reactions within the soil structure (such as ion exchanges and agglomerations and pozzolanic reactions). The activation of hydration reactions and the rearrangement of soil particles by freeze-thaw cycles thus caused the engineering properties to fluctuate, and soils exhibited different deterioration characteristics with changes in Pb2+ content.
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Zhao S, Xue S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Sun J. Dissolved organic matter-mediated photodegradation of anthracene and pyrene in water. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3413. [PMID: 32099003 PMCID: PMC7042342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity and transformation process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is strongly depended on the interaction between PAHs and dissolved organic matters (DOM). In this study, a 125W high-pressure mercury lamp was used to simulate the sunlight experiment to explore the inhibition mechanism of four dissolved organic matters (SRFA, LHA, ESHA, UMRN) on the degradation of anthracene and pyrene in water environment. Results indicated that the photodegradation was the main degradation approach of PAHs, which accorded with the first-order reaction kinetics equation. The extent of degradation of anthracene and pyrene was 36% and 24%, respectively. DOM influence mechanism on PAHs varies depending upon its source. SRFA, LHA and ESHA inhibit the photolysis of anthracene, however, except for SRFA, the other three DOM inhibit the photolysis of pyrene. Fluorescence quenching mechanism is the main inhibiting mechanism, and the binding ability of DOM and PAHs is dominantly correlated with its inhibiting effect. FTIR spectroscopies and UV-Visible were used to analyze the main structural changes of DOM binding PAHs. Generally, the stretching vibration of N-H and C-O of polysaccharide carboxylic acid was the key to affect its binding with anthracene and C-O-C in aliphatic ring participated in the complexation of DOM and pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jijun Sun
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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Rađenović D, Kerkez Đ, Pilipović DT, Dubovina M, Grba N, Krčmar D, Dalmacija B. Long-term application of stabilization/solidification technique on highly contaminated sediments with environment risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:186-195. [PMID: 31153066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
After dredging of contaminated sediment, additional remediation technique is required before its final disposal. For this purpose, this research was based on the long-term stabilization/solidification (S/S) process of highly contaminated sediment (dominantly by heavy metals) from a European environmental hot spot, the Great Bačka Canal. Due to optimisation of remediation techniques, this sediment is treated with selected immobilization agents: kaolinite, quicklime and Portland cement. The use of pseudo-total metal content (selected priority substances: Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and As) in untreated sediment, determined that sediment urgently requires remediation. Short-term (after 7 and 28 days) and long-term (after 7 years) monitoring were done in order to estimate the concentrations of metals and effect on biota from S/S mixtures during this processes. The environmental risk assessment encompassed the application of several appropriate analytical methods: the pseudo-total metal content, the German standard leaching test - DIN 3841-4 S4 and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure - TCLP test leaching tests and sequential extraction procedure (BCR) on S/S mixtures, testing the aging process and toxicity effects. After simulating real environmental conditions using all tests in all three mixtures, metals do not exceed the prescribed limit values and as such S/S mixtures are classified as non-hazardous waste. Sequential extraction procedure showed that the highest percentage of metals are in the residual phase, bound to silicates and crystalline structure. After 7 years of S/S mixture aging, kaolinite showed the highest binding capacity that was reflected in the content of metals in the residual phase (34.8% of Ni to 77.6% of Cr). DIN and TCLP leaching tests confirmed that the exchangeable phase has a minor effect on the environment. Accordingly, this remediation technology could be well applied for final disposal of this and similar extremely contaminated sediment dominantly with inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Rađenović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Đurđa Kerkez
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tomašević Pilipović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Dubovina
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grba
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Krčmar
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Božo Dalmacija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Zhou WH, Liu F, Yi S, Chen YZ, Geng X, Zheng C. Simultaneous stabilization of Pb and improvement of soil strength using nZVI. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:877-884. [PMID: 30257228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) for simultaneous stabilization of Pb and improvement of soil strength via batch experiments. The soil samples were prepared using slurry and pre-consolidation method at nZVI doses of 0.2%, 1%, 5%, and 10% (by dry weight). The physicochemical and geotechnical properties of Pb-contaminated soil treated by nZVI were analyzed. The results indicate that the contamination of Pb(II) resulted in a notable reduction in the undrained shear strength of soil from 16.85 kPa to 7.25 kPa. As expected, the Pb in exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions decreased significantly with the increasing doses of nZVI. Meanwhile, the undrained shear strength of Pb-contaminated soil enhanced substantially as the increase of nZVI, from 25.83 kPa (0.2% nZVI treatment) to 69.33 kPa (10% nZVI treatment). An abundance of bubbles, generated from the oxidation of nZVI, was recorded. The mechanisms for simultaneous stabilization of Pb and soil improvement primarily include: 1) the precipitation and transformation of Pb-/Fe-hydrated oxides on the soil particles and their induced bounding effects; 2) the increased drainage capability of soil as the occupation of nZVI aggregates and bubbles in the macropores space and 3) the lower soil density derived from the increase in microbubbles retained in the soil. This study is provided to facilitate the application of nZVI in the redevelopment of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuping Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong-Zhan Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Geotechnical Engineering School of Engineering, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Xue S, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Liu Q. Effect of dissolved organic matter fractions on photodegradation of phenanthrene in ice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:30-36. [PMID: 30176413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions on photodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE) in ice was investigated. DOM in surface water and wastewater samples was fractionated using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins into five fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The photodegradation rate of PHE in ice was about 40% greater than that in water. The screening effect and quenching effect contributed 3-12% and 88-97% toward the inhibition of DOM fractions on PHE photodegradation in ice, respectively. The contribution ratios of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH) produced from DOM fractions to PHE photodegradation rates in ice were 9-31% and 2-13%, respectively. Among five DOM fractions, HPO-A was most efficient in advancing PHE photodegradation in ice through 1O2 mechanism. When excluding the photosensitized effect of 1O2 and OH produced from DOM fractions, the quencing effect of DOM fractions on PHE photodegradation in ice was closely related to their PHE binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Jijun Sun
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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