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Physiologic and molecular responses of indica-japonica subspecies tetraploid rice seed germination to ion beams. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17847. [PMID: 36284171 PMCID: PMC9596704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can not only reduce the yield of rice but also cause rice toxicity, and consumption of this kind of rice threatens human health. Moreover, the production and application of freon has further caused a hole in the earth's ozone layer, increasing the amount of ionizing radiation from the sun affecting rice. To select and breed new radiation-resistant rice varieties, dry seeds of the indica-japonica subspecies of tetraploid rice subjected to different doses of ionizing radiation were investigated for their responses during germination. The results showed that the relative water absorption, seed vigour and GA3 content sharply decreased in response to three different doses of ionizing radiation, and the regulation of the expression of genes related to α-amylase synthesis and gibberellin metabolism was disrupted. Moreover, the degree of inhibition increased with increasing dose. Notably, under 3.0 × 1017 ions/cm2 radiation, an upregulation of OsGA3ox2 expression resulted in a sharp increase in GA3 content in the indica-japonica tetraploid rice, and upregulated expression of OsAmy3A and OsAmy3D resulted in sharp increase in α-amylase activity, water absorption, and sucrose and fructose contents, which resulted in the seed vigour being greater than that of its parents. The results indicate that additional research on the physiological and molecular features of indica-japonica tetraploid rice seed germination in response to ionizing radiation is needed.
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Shao Y, Fu Y, Chen Y, Abomohra A, He Q, Jin W, Liu J, Tan Z, Li X. Enhancement of black and odorous water treatment coupled with accelerated lipid production by microalgae exposed to 12C 6+ heavy-ion beam irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135452. [PMID: 35752308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP-CK) was selected due to its reported high growth potential in sterilized black and odorous water (SBOW). In order to improve the resource utilization level of microalgae for wastewater treatment, AP-CK was mutated using 12C6+ heavy-ion beam irradiation, and a high lipid-containing mutant (AP-34#) was isolated and further evaluated to treat original black and odorous water (OBOW). Compared with the wild type, the maximum removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TP of the mutant increased by 8.12 ± 0.33%, 10.43 ± 0.54% and 11.97 ± 0.16%, respectively, while maximum dissolved oxygen content increased from 0 to 4.36 ± 0.25 mg/L. Besides, the mutant lipid yield increased by 115.87 ± 3.22% over the wild type in OBOW. The fatty acid profile of AP-34# grown in SBOW and OBOW showed higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) and valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly C20:5n3 and C22:6n3) which are more suitable for biodiesel production and value-added products, respectively. This work provides a new perspective on improving the characteristics of microalgae and an innovative approach for resource-based microalgae wastewater treatment through bioremediation of black and odorous water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Shao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yongsheng Fu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Qi He
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhouliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Dong M, Wang S, Xu F, Xiao G, Bai J, Wang J, Sun X. Integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses of Trichoderma longibrachiatum LC and its cellulase hyper-producing mutants generated by heavy ion mutagenesis reveal the key genes involved in cellulolytic enzymes regulation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:63. [PMID: 35658919 PMCID: PMC9166314 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The major challenge of facing the efficient utilization of biomass is the high cost of cellulolytic enzyme, while the Trichoderma longibrachiatum plays an essential role in the production of industrial enzymes and biomass recycling. Results The cellulase hyper‑producing mutants of LC-M4 and LC-M16 derived from the wild type T. longibrachiatum LC strain through heavy ion mutagenesis exhibited the high-efficiency secretion ability of cellulase and hemicellulose. The FPase activities of LC-M4 (4.51 IU/mL) and LC-M16 (4.16 IU/mL) mutants increased by 46.91% and 35.5% when compared to the LC strain, respectively. Moreover, these two cellulase hyper-producing mutants showed faster growth rate on the cellulosic substrates (Avicel and CMC-Na) plate than that of LC strain. Therefore, an integrative transcriptome and proteome profiling analysis of T. longibrachiatum LC and its cellulase hyper‑producing mutant LC-M4 and LC-M16 were employed to reveal the key genes involved in cellulolytic enzymes regulation. It was showed that the transcriptome and proteome profiles changed dramatically between the wild strain and mutant strains. Notably, the overlapped genes obtained from integrative analysis identified that the protein processing in ER involved in protein secretory pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway and N-glycan biosynthesis pathway were significantly changed both in cellulase hyper-producing mutants and thereby improving the enzyme secretion efficiency, which maybe the main reason of cellulase hyper-production in LC-M4 and LC-M16 mutants. In addition, the three DEGs/DEPs (PDI, Sec61, VIP36) related with protein secretion in ER and two DEGs/DEPs (OST, MOGS) related with N-glycan biosynthesis were identified as key candidate genes participating in enzyme protein biosynthesis and secretion. Conclusions In this study, a hypothetical secretory model of cellulase protein in filamentous fungi was established on the basis of DEGs/DEPs and key genes identified from the omics analysis, which were of great guidance on the rational genetic engineering and/or breeding of filamentous fungi for improving cellulase production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02161-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 197 Dingxi South Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Bai
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967Anning East Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisi Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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Cao L, Gao Y, Wang XZ, Shu GY, Hu YN, Xie ZP, Cui W, Guo XP, Zhou X. A Series of Efficient Umbrella Modeling Strategies to Track Irradiation-Mutation Strains Improving Butyric Acid Production From the Pre-development Earlier Stage Point of View. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:609345. [PMID: 34222207 PMCID: PMC8242359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.609345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum (C. tyrobutyricum) is a fermentation strain used to produce butyric acid. A promising new biofuel, n-butanol, can be produced by catalysis of butyrate, which can be obtained through microbial fermentation. Butyric acid has various uses in food additives and flavor agents, antiseptic substances, drug formulations, and fragrances. Its use as a food flavoring has been approved by the European Union, and it has therefore been listed on the EU Lists of Flavorings. As butyric acid fermentation is a cost-efficient process, butyric acid is an attractive feedstock for various biofuels and food commercialization products. 12C6+ irradiation has advantages over conventional mutation methods for fermentation production due to its dosage conformity and excellent biological availability. Nevertheless, the effects of these heavy-ion irradiations on the specific productiveness of C. tyrobutyricum are still uncertain. We developed non-structured mathematical models to represent the heavy-ion irradiation of C. tyrobutyricum in biofermentation reactors. The kinetic models reflect various fermentation features of the mutants, including the mutant strain growth model, butyric acid formation model, and medium consumption model. The models were constructed based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo model and logistic regression. Models were verified using experimental data in response to different initial glucose concentrations (0-180 g/L). The parameters of fixed proposals are applied in the various fermentation stages. Predictions of these models were in accordance well with the results of fermentation assays. The maximum butyric acid production was 56.3 g/L. Our study provides reliable information for increasing butyric acid production and for evaluating the feasibility of using mutant strains of C. tyrobutyricum at the pre-development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Shu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Zong-Ping Xie
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang J. Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics and cadmium on the earthworm Eisenia foetida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122273. [PMID: 32070928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As microplastics (MPs) have become ubiquitous in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, there has been a growing concern about these new anthropogenic stressors. However, comparatively little is known about the negative effects of MPs, co-contamination of MPs and heavy metals on terrestrial organisms. The objective of this study was performed to understand the adverse effects of exposure to MPs and co-exposure to MPs and cadmium (Cd) on the earthworm Eisenia foetida (E. foetida). Results showed that exposure to MPs only or to a combination of MPs + Cd decreased growth rate and increased the mortality (>300 mg kg-1) after exposure for 42 d, with MPs + Cd (>3000 mg kg-1) posing higher negative influence on the growth of E. foetida. Exposure to MPs might induce oxidative damage in E. foetida, and the presence of Cd accelerates the adverse effects of MPs. Furthermore, the MPs particles can be retained within E. foetida, with values of 4.3-67.2 particles·g-1 earthworm, and can increase the accumulation of Cd in earthworm from 9.7%-161.3%. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that combined exposure to MPs and Cd poses higher negative effects on E. foetida, and that MPs have the potential to increase the bioaccessibility of heavy metal ions in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Repair characteristics and time-dependent effects in response to heavy-ion beam irradiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a comparison with X-ray irradiation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4043-4057. [PMID: 32144474 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-ion beam (HIB) irradiation has been widely used in microbial mutation breeding. However, a global cellular response to such radiation remains mostly uncharacterised. In this study, we used transcriptomics to analyse the damage repair response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae following a semi-lethal HIB irradiation (80 Gy), which induced a significant number of DNA double-strand breaks. Our analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 50 to 150 min post-irradiation revealed that upregulated genes were significantly enriched for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes terms related to damage repair response. Based on the number of DEGs, their annotation, and their relative expression, we established that the peak of the damage repair response occurred 75 min post-irradiation. Moreover, we exploited the data from our recent study on X-ray irradiation-induced repair to compare the transcriptional patterns induced by semi-lethal HIB and X-ray irradiations. Although these two radiations have different properties, we found a significant overlap (> 50%) for the DEGs associated with five typical DNA repair pathways and, in both cases, identified homologous recombination repair (HRR) as the predominant repair pathway. Nevertheless, when we compared the relative enrichment of the five DNA repair pathways at the key time point of the repair process, we found that the relative enrichment of HRR was higher after HIB irradiation than after X-ray irradiation. Additionally, the peak stage of HRR following HIB irradiation was ahead of that following X-ray irradiation. Since mutations occur during the DNA repair process, uncovering detailed repair characteristics should further the understanding of the associated mutagenesis features.
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Quantitative multi-omics analysis of the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1211-1226. [PMID: 31832712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combined genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis was performed for eight Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial respiration-deficient mutants. Each mutant exhibited a unique nuclear genome mutation pattern; the nuclear genome mutations, and thus potentially affected genes and metabolic pathways, showed a co-occurrence frequency of ≤ 3 among the eight mutants. For example, only a lipid metabolism-related pathway was likely to be affected by the nuclear genome mutations in one of the mutants. However, large deletions in the mitochondrial genome were the shared characteristic among the eight mutants. At the transcriptomic level, lipid metabolism was the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-occurring in both ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 mutants. Any identified DEG enriched in lipid metabolism showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all eight mutants. Further, 126 differentially expressed lipid species (DELS) were identified, which also showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all investigated mutants. It was conservatively demonstrated that the similar change pattern of lipid metabolism in the entire investigated mutant population was attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. The change spectrum of lipid species was presented, suggesting that the number and change degree of up-regulated lipid species were higher than those of down-regulated lipid species. Additionally, energy storage lipids increased in content and plasma-membrane phospholipid compositions varied in the relative proposition. The results for the genome, transcriptome, and lipidome were mutually validated, which provides quantitative data revealing the roles of mitochondria from a global cellular perspective.
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Kumar V, Dwivedi SK. Hexavalent chromium reduction ability and bioremediation potential of Aspergillus flavus CR500 isolated from electroplating wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124567. [PMID: 31549665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium reduction by microbes can mitigate the chromium toxicity to the environment. In the present study Cr[VI] tolerant fungal isolate (CR500) was isolated from electroplating wastewater, was able to tolerate 800 mg/L of Cr[VI. Based on the ITS region sequencing, the isolate was identified as Aspergillus flavus CR500, showed multifarious biochemical (reactive oxygen species, antioxidants response and non-protein thiol) and morphological (protrusion less, constriction and swelling/outwards growth in mycelia) response under Cr[VI] stress. Batch experiment was conducted at different Cr[VI] concentration (0-200 mg/L) to optimize the Cr[VI] reduction and removal ability of isolate CR500; results showed 89.1% reduction of Cr[VI] to Cr[III] within 24 h and 4.9 ± 0.12 mg of Cr per gram of dried biomass accumulation within 144 h at the concentration of 50 mg/L of Cr[VI]. However, a maximum of 79.4% removal of Cr was recorded at 5 mg/L within 144 h. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that chromium removal also happened via adsorption/precipitation on the mycelia surface. Fungus treated and without treated 100 mg/L of Cr[VI] solution was subjected to phytotoxicity test using Vigna radiata seeds and result revealed that A. flavus CR500 successfully detoxified the Cr[VI] via reduction and removal mechanisms. Isolate CR500 also exhibited efficient bioreduction potential at different temperature (20-40 °C), pH (5.0-9.0), heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb), metabolic inhibitors (phenol and EDTA) and in sterilized tannery effluent that make it a potential candidate for Cr[VI] bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - S K Dwivedi
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
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Guo X, Zhang M, Gao Y, Li W, Lu D. “Saddle-shaped” dose-survival effect, is it a general and valuable phenomenon in microbes in response to heavy ion beam irradiation? ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-1442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Guo X, Zhang M, Gao Y, Cao G, Yang Y, Lu D, Li W. A genome-wide view of mutations in respiration-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae selected following carbon ion beam irradiation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1851-1864. [PMID: 30661110 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as a marker of ion penetration following carbon ion beam (CIB) irradiation. Respiration-deficient mutants were screened. Following confirmation of negligible spontaneous mutation, eight genetically stable S. cerevisiae respiration-deficient mutant strains and a control strain were resequenced with ~ 200-fold read depth. Strategies were established to identify and validate the particular mutations induced by CIB irradiation. In the nuclear genome, CIB irradiation mainly caused base substitutions and some small (< 100 bp) insertions/deletions (indels), which were widely distributed across the chromosomes. Although mitochondrial dysfunction was selected as a screening marker, variants in the nuclear genome were detected at a high frequency (10-7) relative to spontaneous mutations (10-9). The transition to transversion ratio for base substitutions was 0.746, which was less than that of spontaneous mutations. In the mitochondrial genome, there were very large deletions including substantial gene areas, resulting in extremely low read coverage. Meanwhile, every mutant possessed a distinctive mutation pattern, for both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. Nuclear genomes contained scanty mitochondrial respiration-related genes that were potentially affected by verified mutations, suggesting that variants in the mitochondrial genome may be the main drivers of respiratory deficiencies. Our study confirmed the previous finding that heavy ion beam (HIB) irradiation mainly induces substantial base substitutions and some small indels but also yielded some novel findings, in particular, novel structural variants in the mitochondrial genomes. These data will enhance the understanding of HIB-induced damage and mutations and aid in the HIB-based microbial mutation breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploition and Application, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozhen Cao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploition and Application, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploition and Application, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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