1
|
Jena D, Bej AK, Giri AK, Mishra PC. Amino-functionalized novel biosorbent for effective removal of fluoride from water: process optimization using artificial neural network and mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29415-29433. [PMID: 38575821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous fluoride (F - ) pollution is a global threat to potable water security. The present research envisions the development of novel adsorbents from indigenous Limonia acidissima L. (fruit pericarp) for effective aqueous defluoridation. The adsorbents were characterized using instrumental analysis, e.g., TGA-DTA, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD. The batch-mode study was performed to investigate the influence of experimental variables. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed to validate the adsorption. The dataset was fed to a backpropagation learning algorithm of the ANN (BPNN) architecture. The four-ten-one neural network model was considered to be functioning correctly with an absolute-relative-percentage error of 0.633 throughout the learning period. The results easily fit the linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient( R 2 ) > 0.997. The maximumF - removal efficiency was found to be 80.8 mg/g at the optimum experimental condition of pH 7 and a dosage of 6 g/L at 30 min. The ANN model and experimental data provided a high degree of correlation (R 2 = 0.9964), signifying the accuracy of the model in validating the adsorption experiments. The effects of interfering ions were studied with realF - water. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed a good fit to the equilibrium dataset. The performance of the adsorbent was also found satisfactory with field samples and can be considered a potential adsorbent for aqueous defluoridation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India.
| | - Anjan Kumar Bej
- Department of Chemistry, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Anil Kumar Giri
- Centre of Excellence for Bio-Resource Management and Energy Conservation Material Development, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
- Centre of Excellence for Bio-Resource Management and Energy Conservation Material Development, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das L, Das P, Bhowal A. Synthesis and application of alginate-nanocellulose composite beads for defluoridation process in a batch and fluidized bed reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118569. [PMID: 37453299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Electronegative Fluorine has great reactivity and it exists as organic or inorganic fluoride compounds. Biosorption feasibility of fluoride onto alginate-cellulose composites was investigated in this study. Extracted cellulose has been utilized to synthesize calcium alginate impregnated composite beads for fluoride remediation process in batch and fluidized-bed reactors. Physiochemical characteristics were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, TGA and BET. From the BET properties analysis, the surface area of prepared composite beads was 87.13 m2/g. The point zero charge (PZC) value of composite beads was attained at pH 7.32. The relationship between biosorption efficiency and independent variables have been observed to evaluate the effects on the fluoride biosorption efficiency of composites and its components. The hypothetical development of the removal technique has been explained using various nonlinear model-fitting methods to evaluate Isotherm study, bio-sorption Kinetics, Thermodynamic parameters and Mass transfer study. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) obtained by following Langmuir model for fluoride removal was found to be 23.809 mg/g at 30 °C using adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 6 mg/L. The optimized condition for fluoride adsorption experiment was observed by evaluating response surface methodology (RSM) was pH-5.67, dose 1.89 g/L and time 85.71 min and removal was found as 82.79%. Experimental data of fluidized-bed study were evaluated by designing mathematical modeling. Fluidization velocities was adjusted in between Umf and 2Umf for optimizing external mass transfer and adsorbent loss. Regeneration study of fluoride loaded biosorbent and cost analysis of composite production have been estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Das
- School of Advanced Studies on Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, India
| | - Papita Das
- School of Advanced Studies on Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, India.
| | - Avijit Bhowal
- School of Advanced Studies on Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lignocellulosic Biomass as Sorbent for Fluoride Removal in Drinking Water. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235219. [PMID: 36501612 PMCID: PMC9738509 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Water supply to millions of people worldwide is of alarmingly poor quality. Supply sources are depleting, whereas demand is increasing. Health problems associated with water consumption exceeding 1.5 mg/L of fluoride are a severe concern for the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, it is urgent to research and develop new technologies and innovative materials to achieve partial fluoride reduction in water intended for human consumption. The new alternative technologies must be environmentally friendly and be able to remove fluoride at the lowest possible costs. So, the use of waste from lignocellulosic biomasses provides a promising alternative to commercially inorganic-based adsorbents-published studies present bioadsorbent materials competing with conventional inorganic-based adsorbents satisfactorily. However, it is still necessary to improve the modification methods to enhance the adsorption capacity and selectivity, as well as the reuse cycles of these bioadsorbents.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Luo Z, Huang X, Wang Y, Yan J, Liu W, Guo Y, Babu Arulmani SR, Shao M, Zhang H. Applications of biomass-based materials to remove fluoride from wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134679. [PMID: 35469899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is one of the essential trace elements for the human body, but excessive fluoride will cause serious environmental and health problems. This paper summarizes researches on the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions using newly developed or improved biomass materials and biomass-like organic materials in recent years. These biomass materials are classified into chitosan, microorganisms, lignocellulose plant materials, animal attribute materials, biological carbonized materials and biomass-like organic materials, which are explained and analyzed. By comparing adsorption performance and mechanism of adsorbents for removing fluoride, it is found that carbonizing materials and modifying adsorbents with metal ions are more beneficial to improving adsorption efficiency and the adsorption mechanisms are various. The adsorption capacities are still considerable after regeneration. This paper not only reviews the properties of these materials for fluoride removal, but also focuses on the comparison of materials performance and fluoride removal mechanism. Herein, by discussing the improved adsorption performance and research technology development of biomass materials and biomass-like organic materials, various innovative ideas are provided for adsorbing and removing contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuexia Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yufang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robledo-Peralta A, García-Quiñonez LV, Rodríguez-Beltrán RI, Reynoso-Cuevas L. Zr-Based Biocomposite Materials as an Alternative for Fluoride Removal, Preparation and Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081575. [PMID: 35458325 PMCID: PMC9025067 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biocomposite materials used as adsorbents to remove ions in aqueous media has become an attractive option. The biomasses (base materials) are chemically treated and impregnated with metal cations, becoming competitive for fluoride-capture capacity. In this research, Valence orange (Citrus sinensis) and Red Delicious apple (Malus Domestica) peels were modified by alkaline treatment, carboxylation, and impregnation with zirconium (Zr). These materials were characterized morphologically and structurally to understand the modifications in the treated biomasses and the mechanism of fluoride adsorption. The results show changes in surface area and composition, most notably, an increment in roughness and Zr impregnation of the bioadsorbents. After batch experimentation, the maximum capacity of the materials was determined to be 4.854 and 5.627 mg/g for the orange and apple peel bioadsorbent, respectively, at pH 3.5. The experimental data fitted the Langmuir model, suggesting that chemisorption occurs in monolayers. Finally, the characterization of the bioadsorbents in contact with fluoride allowed the replacement of OH species by fluoride or the formation of hydrogen bonds between them as an adsorption mechanism. Therefore, these bioadsorbents are considered viable and can be studied in a continuous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Robledo-Peralta
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV-Durango), CIMAV 110 Street, Ejido Arroyo Seco, Durango C.P. 34147, Durango, Mexico;
| | - Linda Viviana García-Quiñonez
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Foránea Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca C.P. 66629, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - René I. Rodríguez-Beltrán
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Foránea Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca C.P. 66629, Nuevo León, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.I.R.-B.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Liliana Reynoso-Cuevas
- Catedras CONACYT, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV-Durango), CIMAV 110 Street, Ejido Arroyo Seco, Durango C.P. 34147, Durango, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.I.R.-B.); (L.R.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Defluoridation efficiency assessment of spiny hierarchical-structured calcium hydroxyphosphate particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Arsenic and Fluoride in Groundwater, Prevalence and Alternative Removal Approach. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water by arsenic and fluoride is a global problem, as more than 300 million people in more than 100 countries have been affected by their presence. These elements are considered the most serious contaminants in drinking water and their removal is a worldwide concern. Therefore, the evaluation of three alternative approaches—electrocoagulation, adsorption by biomaterials, and adsorption by metal oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)—was performed for arsenic and fluoride removal from groundwater. Arsenic removal from synthetic and groundwater (well water) was accomplished with the three processes; meanwhile, fluoride removal from groundwater was only reported by two methods. The results indicate that an electrocoagulation process is a good option for As (>97%) and F (>90%) removal in co-occurrence; however, the operational conditions for the removal of both pollutants must be driven by those used for fluoride removal. As (80–83%) and F (>90%) removal with the biomaterials was also successful, even when the application objective was fluoride removal. Finally, MNPs (Co and Mn) were designed and applied only for arsenic removal and reached >95%. Factors such as the pH, the presence of interfering ions, and the initial concentration of the contaminants are decisive in the treatment process’s efficiency.
Collapse
|
8
|
Angelin A, Kalpana M, Govindan K, Kavitha S. Characterizations and fluoride adsorption performance of wattle humus biosorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 30:10.1007/s11356-021-14864-9. [PMID: 34145546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the serious health effects of fluoride contamination, an environment friendly bioadsorbent was derived from wattle humus for fluoride removal by conventional thermal activation process. Analytical characterizations revealed that heterogeneous morphological textured wattle humus enabled remarkable adsorption capacity. XPS analysis substantiated that fluoride had been successfully adsorbed on to the carbonized wattle humus surface through chemisorption. Fluoride adsorption efficiency was systematically rationalized via batch adsorption studies. Experiments were performed at different initial fluoride concentration and scrutinized the impact of contact time (10-120 min), adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.5 g), pH (2.0-9.0), and interfering co-existing ions (SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, and HCO3-) on fluoride removal. Even at different adsorbate dosage (2-10 mg/L), 98% fluoride removal efficiency was achieved under pH > 6. The competitive anions do not interfere the wattle humus fluoride adsorption capacity. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies inferred that monolayer and multilayer adsorption behavior by wattle humus leads to noticeable fluoride adsorption. Adsorbent regeneration test affirms that regenerated adsorbent found higher (>95%) fluoride removal efficiency even at five recycle runs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Angelin
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Murugesan Kalpana
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Kadarkarai Govindan
- Environmental System Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subbiah Kavitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang L, Yang Z, Lei D, Liu F, He Y, Wang H, Luo J. Experimental and modeling studies for adsorbing different species of fluoride using lanthanum-aluminum perovskite. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128089. [PMID: 33297087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption mechanisms for removing fluoride based on experimental and modeling studies. Lanthanum-aluminum perovskite was designed for treating wastewater contaminated by fluoride. A fluorine-species model was developed to calculate the concentrations of different species of fluorine: F-, HF, HF2-. Multiple kinetic models were examined and the pseudo-second order model was found the best to fit the experimental data, implying fast-chemisorption. The thermodynamic data were fitted by the Langmuir model and Freundlich model at different temperatures, indicating heterogeneous adsorption at low temperature and homogeneous adsorption at high temperature. The La2Al4O9 material had less influence from negative ions when adsorbing fluoride. The adsorption mechanisms were further studied using experiments and Density Functional Theory calculations. The adsorption experiments could be attributed to the lattice plane (1 2 1) and La, O, Al sites. More Al sites were required than La sites for the increase of fluoride concentration. By contrast, more La sites than Al sites were needed for increased pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Dongxue Lei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Fansong Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Yingjie He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Preparation of a nano bio-composite based on cellulosic biomass and conducting polymeric nanoparticles for ibuprofen removal: Kinetics, isotherms, and energy site distribution. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:663-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
11
|
Huang L, Yang Z, He Y, Chai L, Yang W, Deng H, Wang H, Chen Y, Crittenden J. Adsorption mechanism for removing different species of fluoride by designing of core-shell boehmite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122555. [PMID: 32248029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many kinds of adsorbents have been developed for removing fluoride from water. However, the unclear actual mechanism of fluoride adsorption greatly restricts the structural design and application of novel adsorbents. Based on the understanding of the interaction between hydroxyl and fluoride, a novel core-shell nanostructure of boehmite was synthesized via an in-situ-induced assembly for removing fluoride. The formed polycrystalline boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanostructure significantly enhances adsorption performance. The transformation of fluoride forms (including F-, HF, HF2-) is closely related to the solution property. The acidic solution is more favorable, mainly because of the conversion of HF (pyrazine) and HF2- (the bifluoride ion) with a strong hydrogen bond effect from fluoride (F-) with pH < 3.18. The lattice plane of (0 0 2) belongs to the dominant face for removing fluoride in this structure. According to the experimental and theoretical calculation, strong bonding of Al, O and H sites with fluoride species (F-, HF, HF2-) in acidic solution are demonstrated, but not in alkaline solution due to OH- interference. The possible mechanism of fluoride adsorption on boehmite (AlOOH) structures is proposed. Our findings show a new potential prospect of structural designing for novel fluoride adsorbent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, United States
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Yingjie He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Weichun Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, United States.
| | - John Crittenden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mei L, Peng C, Qiao H, Ke F, Liang J, Hou R, Wan X, Cai H. Enhanced removal of fluoride by zirconium modified tea waste with extrusion treatment: kinetics and mechanism. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33345-33353. [PMID: 35529121 PMCID: PMC9073538 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the adsorption efficiency of tea-based biosorbents for removing fluoride in drinking water, the novel and effective adsorbent was formed by treating tea waste with extrusion technology. In this study, the extrusion technology was applied to the preparation of adsorbents for the first time. A low-priced and more efficient adsorbent was prepared by loading zirconium onto extruded tea waste (EXT-Zr). Extruded tea waste increased the surface pore size, which could provide more loading sites for zirconium. The EXT-Zr effectively removed fluoride from water in a pH range of 3.0–10.0, which is wider than the pH range of zirconium-loaded tea waste (Tea-Zr). The adsorption was fitted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 20.56 mg g−1. The EXT-Zr adsorbent was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to prove the mechanism of how EXT-Zr adsorbs fluoride. The results proved that EXT-based adsorbent will be effective for the enhanced removal of fluoride in drinking water. Extruded tea waste (EXT) increased the pore size by extrusion technology. Extruded tea waste (EXT-Zr) modified by Zr performed well.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Mei
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ke
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liang
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huimei Cai
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Hefei 230036
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|