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Snider VG, Alshehri R, Slaugenhaupt RM, Hill CL. Materials for the Simultaneous Entrapment and Catalytic Aerobic Oxidative Removal of Sulfur Mustard Simulants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51519-51524. [PMID: 34665594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials that both sequester chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and then catalytically decontaminate the entrapped CWAs are highly sought. This article reports such a system for air-based catalytic removal of the sulfur mustard (HD) simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) sequester CEES, and an HCP-embedded oxidation system comprising tribromide, nitrate, and acid (NOxBrxH+) simultaneously catalyzes the aerobic and selective, oxidative conversion of the entrapped CEES to the desired far less-toxic sulfoxide under ambient conditions (air and temperature). (NOxBrxH+) has been incorporated into three HCPs, a fluorobenzene HCP (HCP-F), a methylated HCP (HCP-M), and an HCP with acidic moieties (HCP-A). HCP-A acts as both an absorbing material and a catalytic component due to its acidic side chains. All three HCP/NOxBrxH+ systems work rapidly under these optimally mild conditions. No light or added oxidants are required. The HCP/NOxBrxH+ systems are recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Snider
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rawan Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Collins-Wildman DL, Sullivan KP, Geletii YV, Snider VG, Gordon WO, Balboa A, Tian Y, Slaugenhaupt RM, Kaledin AL, Karwacki CJ, Frenkel AI, Musaev DG, Hill CL. A solvent-free solid catalyst for the selective and color-indicating ambient-air removal of sulfur mustard. Commun Chem 2021; 4:33. [PMID: 36697596 PMCID: PMC9814880 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide or sulfur mustard (HD) is one of the highest-tonnage chemical warfare agents and one that is highly persistent in the environment. For decontamination, selective oxidation of HD to the substantially less toxic sulfoxide is crucial. We report here a solvent-free, solid, robust catalyst comprising hydrophobic salts of tribromide and nitrate, copper(II) nitrate hydrate, and a solid acid (NafionTM) for selective sulfoxidation using only ambient air at room temperature. This system rapidly removes HD as a neat liquid or a vapor. The mechanisms of these aerobic decontamination reactions are complex, and studies confirm reversible formation of a key intermediate, the bromosulfonium ion, and the role of Cu(II). The latter increases the rate four-fold by increasing the equilibrium concentration of bromosulfonium during turnover. Cu(II) also provides a colorimetric detection capability. Without HD, the solid is green, and with HD, it is brown. Bromine K-edge XANES and EXAFS studies confirm regeneration of tribromide under catalytic conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows absorption of HD vapor and selective conversion to the desired sulfoxide, HDO, at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Yurii V. Geletii
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Victoria G. Snider
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Wesley O. Gordon
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Alex Balboa
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Yiyao Tian
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Rachel M. Slaugenhaupt
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alexey L. Kaledin
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher J. Karwacki
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Craig L. Hill
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Ma DM, Yu X, Ding A, Guo H, Qian DJ. Interfacial self-assembled thioxathone monolayers on the surfaces of silica nanoparticles as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts for the selective oxidation of aromatic thioethers under air atmosphere. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oheix E, Gravel E, Doris E. Catalytic Processes for the Neutralization of Sulfur Mustard. Chemistry 2020; 27:54-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oheix
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Eric Doris
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Hong Le N, Han YH, Jung H, Cho J. Catalytic reaction system for rapid selective oxidation of alkyl sulphide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120830. [PMID: 31271937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient catalytic reaction systems are developed to rapidly and selectively oxidize 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). In the systems, precursors containing bromide(s) and nitrate anions are chosen for the development of cyclic catalytic loop and the effect of acids on the selective oxidation of CEES are investigated by the addition of several homogeneous acid catalysts. The experimental results reveal that addition of acid results in a higher concentration of tribromide, which is reported as a key component for the observed activity in the catalytic solution. As a consequence, a dramatic improvement in catalytic activity is observed, especially when the molar amount of acid is controlled to be more than twice the initial concentration of tribromide. For the efficient design of a catalytic system, heterogeneous acid catalysts possessing different ratios of Brønsted to Lewis acid sites are also considered. Compared to reaction systems catalysed by homogeneous acids, similar reaction behaviour is observed for the reaction with Amerlyst-15, while those with other heterogeneous catalysts, containing Lewis or mixed acid sites in their structure, exhibits an adverse effect of selective sulfoxidation, mainly due to the adsorption of anions onto Lewis sites and consequential deconstruction of the catalytic loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Hong Le
- Research Center for Green Carbon Catalysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Han
- Research Center for Green Carbon Catalysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Jung
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Yuseong P.O.Box35, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungmo Cho
- Research Center for Green Carbon Catalysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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