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Wang W, Man Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen R, Pan T, Wang L, Dai X, Xiao H, Liu F. Multi-phenotype response and cadmium detection of rice stem under toxic cadmium exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170585. [PMID: 38301779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rice stem is the sole conduit for cadmium translocation from underground to aboveground. The presence of cadmium can trigger responses of rice stem multi-phenotype, affecting metabolism, reducing yield, and altering composition, which is related to crop growth, food safety, and new energy utilization. Exploring the adversity response of plant phenotypes can provide a reliable assessment of growth status. However, the phytotoxicity and mechanism of cadmium stress on rice stem remain unclear. Here, we systematically revealed the response mechanisms of cadmium accumulation, adversity physiology, and morphological characteristic in rice stem under cadmium stress for the first time with concentration gradients of CK, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, and duration gradients of Day 5, Day 10, Day 15, and Day 20. The results indicated that cadmium stress led to a significant increase in cadmium accumulation, accompanied by the adversity response in stem phenotypes. Specifically, cadmium can cause fluctuations in soluble protein and disturbance of malondialdehyde (MDA), which reflects lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium accumulation. Lipid peroxidation inhibited rice growth by causing (1) a reduction in stem length, diameter, and weight, (2) suppression of air cavity, vascular bundle, parenchyma, and epidermal hair, and (3) disruption of cell structure. Furthermore, rapid detection of cadmium was realized based on the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning, which took less than 3 min. The established qualitative model realized the precise discrimination of cadmium stress degrees with a prediction accuracy exceeding 92 %, and the quantitative model achieved the outstanding prediction effect of cadmium, with Rp of 0.9944. This work systematically revealed the phytotoxicity of cadmium on rice stem multi-phenotype from a novel perspective of lipid peroxidation and realized the rapid detection of cadmium in rice stem, which provided the technical tool and theoretical foundation for accurate prevention and efficient control of heavy metal risks in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zun Man
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Leiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xiaorong Dai
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yang J, Zhao X, Wang X, Xia M, Ba S, Lim BL, Hou H. Biomonitoring of heavy metals and their phytoremediation by duckweeds: Advances and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118015. [PMID: 38141920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of water bodies severely threatens human and ecosystem health. There is growing interest in the use of duckweeds for HMs biomonitoring and phytoremediation due to their fast growth, low cultivation costs, and excellent HM uptake efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on duckweeds and their suitability for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation. Duckweeds have been used for phytotoxicity assays since the 1930s. Some toxicity tests based on duckweeds have been listed in international guidelines. Duckweeds have also been recognized for their ability to facilitate HM phytoremediation in aquatic environments. Large-scale screening of duckweed germplasm optimized for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation is still essential. We further discuss the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of HMs on duckweeds. However, the existing data are clearly insufficient, especially in regard to dissection of the transcriptome, metabolome, proteome responses and molecular mechanisms of duckweeds under HM stresses. We also evaluate the influence of environmental factors, exogenous substances, duckweed community composition, and HM interactions on their HM sensitivity and HM accumulation, which need to be considered in practical application scenarios. Finally, we identify challenges and propose approaches for improving the effectiveness of duckweeds for bioremediation from the aspects of selection of duckweed strain, cultivation optimization, engineered duckweeds. We foresee great promise for duckweeds as phytoremediation agents, providing environmentally safe and economically efficient means for HM removal. However, the primary limiting issue is that so few researchers have recognized the outstanding advantages of duckweeds. We hope that this review can pique the interest and attention of more researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Manli Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Sang Ba
- Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China; Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Rzodkiewicz LD, Turcotte MM. Two duckweed species exhibit variable tolerance to microcystin-LR exposure across genotypic lineages. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 131:102548. [PMID: 38212081 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacteria blooms can damage freshwater ecosystems and threaten human health. Floating macrophytes may be used as a means of biocontrol by limiting light and resources available to cyanobacteria. However, genetic variation in macrophyte sensitivity to cyanotoxins could influence their suitability as biocontrol agents. We investigated the influence of such intraspecific variation on the response of two rapidly growing duckweed species, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, often used in nutrient and metal bioremediation. We assessed two biomarkers related to productivity (biomass and chlorophyll A production) and two related to fitness measures (population size and growth rate). Fifteen genetic lineages of each species were grown in media containing common cyanotoxin microcystin-LR at ecologically relevant concentrations or control media for a period of twelve days. Genotype identity had a strong impact on all biomarker responses. Microcystin concentration slightly increased the final population sizes of both macrophyte species with a marginal effect on growth rate of L. minor and the chlorophyll A production of S. polyrhiza, but overall these species were very tolerant of microcystin. The strong tolerance supports the potential use of these plants as bioremediators of cyanobacterial blooms. However, differential impact of microcystin exposure discovered in single lineage models among genotypes indicates a potential for cyanotoxins to act as selective forces, necessitating attention to genotype selection for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey D Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gao M, Gai C, Li X, Feng X, Lai R, Song Y, Zeng R, Chen D, Chen Y. Waterlogging Tolerance of Actinidia valvata Dunn Is Associated with High Activities of Pyruvate Decarboxylase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Antioxidant Enzymes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2872. [PMID: 37571025 PMCID: PMC10421509 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is susceptible to waterlogging stress. Although abundant wild germplasm resources exist among Actinidia plants for improving the waterlogging tolerance of kiwifruit cultivars, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, a comparative study was undertaken using one wild germplasm, Maorenshen (A. valvata Dunn, MRS), and one cultivar, Miliang-1 (A. chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.) A.Chev. cv. Miliang-1, ML). Under stress, the ML plantlets were seriously damaged with wilted chlorotic leaves and blackened rotten roots, whereas the symptoms of injury in the MRS plantlets were much fewer, along with higher photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and root activity under stress conditions. However, neither aerenchyma in the root nor adventitious roots appeared in both germplasms upon stress exposure. The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), as well as their transcript levels, were constitutively higher in MRS than those in ML under both normal and stress conditions. Waterlogging stress significantly enhanced the PDC and ADH enzyme activities in both germplasms, which were 60.8% and 22.4% higher in the MRS roots than those in the ML roots under waterlogging stress, respectively. Moreover, MRS displayed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and APX, as well as DPPH-radical scavenging ability, and decreased H2O2 and MDA accumulation under both normal and stress conditions. Our findings suggest that the waterlogging tolerance of the wild A. valvata germplasm was associated with high PDC and ADH, as well as antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Gao
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chaoyue Gai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Ruilian Lai
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
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Yang GL, Huang L, Yang X, Li Z, Liao HM, Mao K, Liu ZJ, Geng HY, Cao Q, Tan AJ. Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses of Two Cadmium Hyper-Enriched Duckweed Strains Reveal Putative Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12157. [PMID: 37569533 PMCID: PMC10418380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment and exerts deleterious effects on plant growth and production. Duckweed has been reported as a promising candidate for Cd phytoremediation. In this study, the growth, Cd enrichment, and antioxidant enzyme activity of duckweed were investigated. We found that both high-Cd-tolerance duckweed (HCD) and low-Cd-tolerance duckweed (LCD) strains exposed to Cd were hyper-enriched with Cd. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed. The results showed that the growth rate, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of duckweed were significantly affected by Cd stress and differed between the two strains. In the genome-wide transcriptome analysis, the RNA-seq library generated 544,347,670 clean reads, and 1608 and 2045 differentially expressed genes were identified between HCD and LCD, respectively. The antioxidant system was significantly expressed during ribosomal biosynthesis in HCD but not in LCD. Fatty acid metabolism and ethanol production were significantly increased in LCD. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism likely plays an important role in Cd detoxification in duckweed. These findings contribute to the understanding of Cd tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulator plants and lay the foundation for future phytoremediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Lei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Hai-Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Kang Mao
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Zhao-Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - He-Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Ai-Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
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Chen S, Xu J, Peng L, Cheng Z, Kuang X, Li D, Peng C, Song H. Cadmium accumulation in rice grains is mitigated by duckweed-like hydrophyte through adsorption and increased ammonia nitrogen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 890:164510. [PMID: 37257595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to agronomic measures for reducing the heavy metal load in rice grain, the effects of duckweed-paddy co-cropping technology on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice grains remain unclear. To investigate its specific effects on Cd accumulation in paddy fields, three types of duckweed-like hydrophyte (DH), Azolla imbricata, Spirodela polyrrhiza, and Lemna minor were chosen for study. Their use resulted in a reduction of Cd content in rice grains from 0.40 mg/kg to <0.20 mg/kg, with A. imbricata yielding the best results (0.15 mg/kg). The three types of DH reduced the available Cd content in the soil by 10 % to 35 % after the paddy tillering stage. The reduction of available Cd content was attributed to the absorption, high pH, and increase of relative abundance of special bacteria of immobilizing Cd. In addition, DH could regulate soil nitrogen leading to ammonium nitrogen increased from 75 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg, while nitrate nitrogen decreased from 0.55 to 0.1-0.3 mg/kg. The increase of ammonium nitrogen content might induce the low Cd transfer ability in rice plant and then low Cd content in rice grain. This study demonstrated that DH has a good effect on the reduction of the Cd concentration in rice grains. Consequently, duckweed-paddy co-cropping technology offers a potential solution to heavy metal pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution, as it not only reduces Cd levels in rice plants, but also fixes nitrogen, reducing the need for nitrogen application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoning Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province Yiyang 413002, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Kuang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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7
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Wang W, Man Z, Li X, Chen R, You Z, Pan T, Dai X, Xiao H, Liu F. Response mechanism and rapid detection of phenotypic information in rice root under heavy metal stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131010. [PMID: 36801724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The root is an important organ affecting cadmium accumulation in grains, but there is no comprehensive research involving rice root phenotype under cadmium stress yet. To assess the effect of cadmium on root phenotypes, this paper investigated the response mechanism of phenotypic information including cadmium accumulation, adversity physiology, morphological parameters, and microstructure characteristics, and explored rapid detection methods of cadmium accumulation and adversity physiology. We found that cadmium had the effect of "low-promotion and high-inhibition" on root phenotypes. In addition, the rapid detection of cadmium (Cd), soluble protein (SP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were achieved based on spectroscopic technology and chemometrics, where the optimal prediction model was least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based on the full spectrum (Rp=0.9958) for Cd, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-extreme learning machine (CARS-ELM) (Rp=0.9161) for SP and CARS-ELM (Rp=0.9021) for MDA, all with Rp higher than 0.9. Surprisingly, it took only about 3 min, which was more than 90% reduction in detection time compared with laboratory analysis, demonstrating the excellent ability of spectroscopy for root phenotype detection. These results reveal response mechanism to heavy metal and provide rapid detection method for phenotypic information, which can substantially contribute to crop heavy metal control and food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zun Man
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengkai You
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Dai
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Wang L, Kuang Y, Zheng S, Tong Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y. Overexpression of the Phosphoserine Phosphatase-Encoding Gene ( AtPSP1) Promotes Starch Accumulation in Lemna turionifera 5511 under Sulfur Deficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 36903873 PMCID: PMC10005638 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are well known for their high accumulation of starch under stress conditions, along with inhibited growth. The phosphorylation pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB) was reported as playing a vital role in linking the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism in this plant. The overexpression of AtPSP1, the last key enzyme of the PPSB pathway in duckweed, was found to stimulate the accumulation of starch under sulfur-deficient conditions. The growth- and photosynthesis-related parameters were higher in the AtPSP1 transgenic plants than in the WT. The transcriptional analysis showed that the expression of several genes in starch synthesis, TCA, and sulfur absorption, transportation, and assimilation was significantly up- or downregulated. The study suggests that PSP engineering could improve starch accumulation in Lemna turionifera 5511 by coordinating the carbon metabolism and sulfur assimilation under sulfur-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingying Kuang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Siyu Zheng
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yana Tong
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yerong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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9
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Oláh V, Irfan M, Szabó ZB, Sajtos Z, Ragyák ÁZ, Döncző B, Jansen MAK, Szabó S, Mészáros I. Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:180. [PMID: 36616308 PMCID: PMC9824728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, growth and ionomic responses of three duckweed species were analyzed, namely Lemna minor, Landoltia punctata, and Spirodela polyrhiza, were exposed for short-term periods to hexavalent chromium or nickel under laboratory conditions. It was found that different duckweed species had distinct ionomic patterns that can change considerably due to metal treatments. The results also show that, because of the stress-induced increase in leaf mass-to-area ratio, the studied species showed different order of metal uptake efficiency if plant area was used as unit of reference instead of the traditional dry weight-based approach. Furthermore, this study revealed that μXRF is applicable in mapping elemental distributions in duckweed fronds. By using this method, we found that within-frond and within-colony compartmentation of metallic ions were strongly metal- and in part species-specific. Analysis of duckweed ionomics is a valuable approach in exploring factors that affect bioaccumulation of trace pollutants by these plants. Apart from remediating industrial effluents, this aspect will gain relevance in food and feed safety when duckweed biomass is produced for nutritional purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Barnáné Szabó
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófi Sajtos
- Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Zsófia Ragyák
- Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Döncző
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marcel A. K. Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, T23N73K Cork, Ireland
| | - Sándor Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of Nyiregyhaza, H-4401 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Ren Q, Xu Z, Xue Y, Yang R, Ma X, Sun J, Wang J, Lin S, Wang W, Yang L, Sun Z. Mechanism of calcium signal response to cadmium stress in duckweed. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2119340. [PMID: 36102362 PMCID: PMC9481097 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2119340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) causes serious damage to plants. Although calcium (Ca) signal has been found to respond to certain stress, the localization of Ca and molecular mechanisms underlying Ca signal in plants during Cd stress are largely unknown. In this study, Ca2+-sensing fluorescent reporter (GCaMP3) transgenic duckweed showed the Ca2+ signal response in Lemna turionifera 5511 (duckweed) during Cd stress. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of Ca2+ has been studied during Cd stress by transmission electron microscopy, showing the accumulation of Ca2+ in vacuoles. Also, Ca2+ flow during Cd stress has been measured. At the same time, the effects of exogenous glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric (GABA) on duckweed can better clarify the signal operation mechanism of plants to Cd stress. The molecular mechanism of Ca2+ signal responsed during Cd stress showed that Cd treatment promotes the positive response of Ca signaling channels in plant cells, and thus affects the intracellular Ca content. These novel signal studies provided an important Ca2+ signal molecular mechanism during Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanpeng Sun
- Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Peršić V, Antunović Dunić J, Domjan L, Zellnig G, Cesar V. Time Course of Age-Linked Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency of Spirodela polyrhiza Exposed to Cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872793. [PMID: 35693160 PMCID: PMC9175006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term assessment of adverse effects is essential for populations exposed to higher risk of environmental pollution. This study presents the time course of physiological and morphological changes attributed to cadmium, emphasizing age-linked differences in the susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza fronds exposed to different cadmium concentrations. A four-frond colony represented by mother, daughter, and granddaughter plants was exposed to cadmium concentrations for 6, 24, and 72 h to establish its effect on different generations of the great duckweed. The duration of cadmium exposure accounted for the most variation in chlorophyll content as the most influential variable, and after 72 h, frond responsiveness was a function of cadmium concentration. Carotenoid contents behaved slightly differently in fronds of different ages, with the oldest mother frond exhibiting accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that cadmium affects different photosynthetic electron transport segments relative to the frond's chloroplast structure level. Photosynthesis of mother fronds exposed to low cadmium and daughter fronds exposed to high cadmium was determined by the functionality of primary electron acceptance at the PSII level. Mother plants exposed to higher cadmium concentrations were characterized by closed and inactive reaction centers, dissipated energy outflux, and inhibited photosynthesis. Young fronds exposed to low and high cadmium concentrations were characterized by increased non-reducing reaction centers and thermal phase reduction, with activated dissipative mechanisms at high cadmium concentrations. Cadmium-induced changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were visible after 6 h of exposure to lowest concentrations, with gradual degradation of the thylakoid system as the fronds aged. Younger fronds responded to cadmium more dynamically through molecular, physiological, and anatomical changes and tolerated a more reduced electron transport chain under given conditions than older fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Domjan
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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12
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Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041949. [PMID: 35206138 PMCID: PMC8872130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) has the potential to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW), but the effects of antibiotics and heavy metals in ADSW on the treatment performance and mechanism of Spirodela polyrrhiza are not clear. Herein, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and cupric ion on NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) removal from synthetic ADSW. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, vitamin E, and proteins in duckweed were also evaluated. Under the stress of SMZ, duckweed showed excellent removal efficiency of nutrients, and the results of SOD activity and photosynthetic pigments content indicated that duckweed had good tolerance to SMZ. Interestingly, a combined application of SMZ and cupric ion would inhibit the nutrient removal by duckweed, but significantly increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, proteins, and vitamin E. In addition, the consequence indicated that high value-added protein and vitamin E products could be produced and harvested by cultivating duckweed in ADSW. Furthermore, possible degradation pathways of SMZ in the duckweed system were proposed based on the analysis with LC-MS/MS. This research proposed a novel view for using duckweed system to remove nutrients from ADSW and produce value-added products under the stress of SMZ and cupric ion.
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13
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Chen Y, Li G, Yang J, Zhao X, Sun Z, Hou H. Role of Nramp transporter genes of Spirodela polyrhiza in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112907. [PMID: 34673410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a pollutant, Cd causes severe impact to the environment and damages living organisms. It can be uptaken from the environment by the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) in plants. However, the ion absorption function of Nramp transporter genes in Spirodela polyrhiza has not been reported. In this study, SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 from S. polyrhiza were cloned and their functions were analyzed in S. polyrhiza and yeast. Growth parameters and physicochemical indices of wild-type and transgenic lines were measured under Cd stress. Results revealed that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 were identified as plasma membrane-localized transporters, and their roles in transporting Cd were verified in yeast. In S. polyrhiza, SpNramp1 overexpression significantly increased the content of Cd, Fe, Mn, and fresh weight. SpNramp2 overexpression increased Mn and Cd. SpNramp3 overexpression increased Fe and Mn concentrations. These results indicate that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 had a different preference for ion absorption. Two S. polyrhiza transgenic lines (OE1 and OE3) were obtained. One of them (OE1) showed a stronger accumulation ability, and the other one (OE3) exhibited tolerance capacity to Cd. This study provides new insight into the functions of SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 and obtains important enrichment lines (OE1) for manipulating Cd accumulation, phytoremediation, and ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
| | - Zuoliang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Appenroth KJ, Ziegler P, Sree KS. Accumulation of starch in duckweeds (Lemnaceae), potential energy plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2621-2633. [PMID: 34924714 PMCID: PMC8639912 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starch can accumulate in both actively growing vegetative fronds and over-wintering propagules, or turions of duckweeds, small floating aquatic plants belonging to the family of the Lemnaceae. The starch synthesizing potential of 36 duckweed species varies enormously, and the starch contents actually occurring in the duckweed tissues are determined by growth conditions, various types of stress and the action of growth regulators. The present review examines the effects of phytohormones and growth retardants, heavy metals, nutrient deficiency and salinity on the accumulation of starch in duckweeds with a view to obtaining high yields of starch as a feedstock for biofuel production. Biotechnological approaches to degrading duckweed starch to its component sugars and the fermentation of these sugars to bio-alcohols are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-J. Appenroth
- Matthias Schleiden Institute – Plant Physiology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - K. Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, 671320 India
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15
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Zhao H, Huang X, Liu F, Hu X, Zhao X, Wang L, Gao P, Li J, Ji P. Potential of a novel modified gangue amendment to reduce cadmium uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124543. [PMID: 33223317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the modified gangue (GE) was prepared by calcination at lower temperatures using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activating agent. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods were employed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of GE before and after the modification. Besides, the GE and commercial zeolite (ZE) were compared in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil in field experiments. The results showed that both the GE and ZE had positive effects on the stabilization of Cd, decreasing the available Cd by 21.2-33.9% and 22.1-28.2%, respectively, while no significant difference was observed between the two amendments, indicating that the modification of GE was successful. Moreover, the application of GE decreased the Cd mobilization and uptake in lettuce shoot and root by 54.9-61.5% and 9.3-13.2%, respectively, and at the same time, the bio-available Cd decreased by 20.9-34.5%. Moreover, with the addition of GE, activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase increased in soil, while the peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were notably reduced in plants. Therefore, GE could be used as an effective amendment for the alleviation of Cd accumulation and toxicity, and thereby improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xunrong Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fuhao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiongfei Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Scientific Laboratory of Heyang Agricultural Environment and Farmland Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingtian Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; The First Geological and Mineral Survey Institute of Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Applied Engineering Technology Research Center of Ecology and Exploration Geochemistry, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Puhui Ji
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Wang X, Zhang B, Wu D, Hu L, Huang T, Gao G, Huang S, Wu S. Chemical forms governing Cd tolerance and detoxification in duckweed (Landoltia punctata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111553. [PMID: 33254410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) is an ideal species to restore cadmium (Cd)-polluted waters due to its fast growth and easy harvesting. To understand its tolerance and detoxification mechanism, the Cd stress responses, subcellular Cd distribution and chemically bound Cd forms (especially protein-bound Cd) were surveyed in this study. L. punctata, a potential Cd bioremediation plant, was cultured hydroponically with Cd concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg L-1 for 5 days. The results showed that the Cd content in L. punctata increased significantly as the Cd content increased. The majority of Cd was localized in the soluble fraction (23-55%) and the cell wall fraction (21-54%), and only 14-23% of Cd was located in cell organelles. Analysis of the Cd chemical forms demonstrated that the largest portion of Cd was found in 1 M NaCl extracts, followed by d-H2O and 2% HAc extracts, indicating that Cd was mainly bound to different proteins. Albumin- and globulin-bound Cd forms were predominant, together accounting for over 80% of the total protein-bound Cd in L. punctata. These results indicate that cell wall immobilization and vacuolar dissociation of Cd are possible primary strategies for Cd biosorption and detoxification in L. punctata, which occur mainly through chemical forms changes, especially the binding of Cd to proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Wang
- School of Resource Environment and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resources Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Resource Environment and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resources Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Resource Environment and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resources Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guiqing Gao
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Shan Huang
- School of Resource Environment and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resources Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shan Wu
- School of Resource Environment and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resources Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Tajnaiová L, Vurm R, Kholomyeva M, Kobera M, Kočí V. Determination of the Ecotoxicity of Herbicides Roundup ® Classic Pro and Garlon New in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1203. [PMID: 32937994 PMCID: PMC7569783 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides help increase agricultural yields significantly, but they may negatively impact the life of non-target organisms. Modifying the life cycle of primary producers can affect other organisms in the food chain, and consequently in the whole ecosystem. We investigated the effect of common herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro (active substance glyphosate) and Garlon New (triclopyr and fluroxypyr) on aquatic organisms duckweed Lemna minor and green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, and on the enzymatic activity of soil. We also compared the effects of Roundup® Classic Pro to that of a metabolite of its active substance, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The results of an algal growth test showed that AMPA has a 1.5× weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of D. subspicatus than the Roundup formula, and the strongest growth inhibition was caused by Garlon New (IC50Roundup = 267.3 µg/L, IC50Garlon = 21.0 µg/L, IC50AMPA = 117.8 mg/L). The results of the duckweed growth inhibition test revealed that Roundup and Garlon New caused 100% growth inhibition of L. minor even at significantly lower concentrations than the ready-to-use concentration. The total chlorophyll content in the fronds was lowest when Garlon New was used. The highest dehydrogenase activity was observed in soil treated with Garlon New, and the lowest in soil treated with Roundup® Classic Pro. The results of this study showed that all three tested substances were ecotoxic to the tested organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tajnaiová
- Faculty of Environmental Technology, Department of Environmental Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.K.)
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