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Li G, Liu J, Yi L, Luo J, Jiang T. Bauxite residue (red mud) treatment: Current situation and promising solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174757. [PMID: 39009166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bauxite residue, an industrial solid waste generated during alumina production, with over 80 % of bauxite residue worldwide being accumulated around alumina plants, which occupying a significant amount of land resources and posing a threat to the natural environment in the surrounding areas. This paper reviews recent advances in extracting valuable resources from bauxite residue, and its applications in building materials, environmental adsorbents, energy storage materials, and soil alkalinization. It also highlighted the main problem existing in these researches, which is the inability of the existing single processes to achieve the comprehensive utilization of various types of bauxite residue or maximize the utilization of bauxite residue components, resulting in a low comprehensive utilization rate and insignificant absorption effects of bauxite residue. To address these issues, we proposed a strategy of classifying and utilizing bauxite residue based on its components and establishing a multi-industry application system, involving sectors such as steel and building materials. This collaborative approach aims to handle various types of bauxite residue more effectively. Additionally, we suggest selecting suitable treatment methods based on the specific characteristics of bauxite residue and implementing measures to promote its comprehensive and large-scale utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Jiajian Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lingyun Yi
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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Duan H, Ran J, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhai B, Chen Y, Yin S, Li S, Zhang L, Li Z. Application of ultrasonic-enhanced active seed crystals in the removal of sodium oxalate from alumina refinery waste liquor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106881. [PMID: 38653147 PMCID: PMC11059431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
When organic matter, especially sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), accumulates to a certain extent, it will seriously affect the alumina production process in the refinery and therefore urgently needs to be removed. This work attempts to illuminate the benefits of ultrasonic intensification of the crystallization process of Na2C2O4, taking the alumina refinery waste liquor, i.e., flat plate washing liquor, as a case study. The effects of different operating parameters (seed crystal addition amount, caustic soda concentration, reaction time, ultrasonic power) on the crystallization behavior and yield are discussed, and it is found that ultrasonic can increase the Na2C2O4 removal rate to 70.4%. The addition of ultrasonic promotes the morphological evolution of Na2C2O4 and is of great significance to the optimization of the components of the precipitated Na2C2O4. Specifically, the proportion of Na2C2O4 in the crystallized product reaches 64% with conventional conditions, while it reaches 77% with ultrasonic conditions. Therefore, ultrasonic can greatly reduce the alkali loss caused by the crystallization process of Na2C2O4 in flat plate washing liquor, which has great economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Duan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
| | - Jianfeng Ran
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Jiaping Zhao
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Benkang Zhai
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Shiwei Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Zulai Li
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
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Weerasinghe Mohottige TN, Ginige MP, Kaksonen AH, Sarukkalige R, Cheng KY. Integrating bioelectrochemical system with aerobic bioreactor for organics removal and caustic recovery from alkaline saline wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117422. [PMID: 36801680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are increasingly being explored as an auxiliary unit process to enhance conventional waste treatment processes. This study proposed and validated the application of a dual-chamber bioelectrochemical cell as an add-on unit for an aerobic bioreactor to facilitate reagent-free pH-correction, organics removal and caustic recovery from an alkaline and saline wastewater. The process was continuously fed (hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h) with a saline (25 g NaCl/L) and alkaline (pH 13) influent containing oxalate (25 mM) and acetate (25 mM) as the target organic impurities present in alumina refinery wastewater. Results suggested that the BES concurrently removed the majority of the influent organics and reduced the pH to a suitable range (9-9.5) for the aerobic bioreactor to further remove the residual organics. Compared to the aerobic bioreactor, the BES enabled a faster removal of oxalate (242 ± 27 vs. 100 ± 9.5 mg/L.h), whereas similar removal rates (93 ± 16 vs. 114 ± 23 mg/L.h, respectively) were recorded for acetate. Increasing catholyte HRT from 6 to 24 h increased the caustic strength from 0.22% to 0.86%. The BES enabled caustic production at an electrical energy demand of 0.47 kWh/kg-caustic, which is a fraction (22%) of the electrical energy requirement for caustic production using conventional chlor-alkali processes. The proposed application of BES holds promise to improve environmental sustainability of industries in managing organic impurities in alkaline and saline waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharanga N Weerasinghe Mohottige
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia; School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; The College, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ranjan Sarukkalige
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ka Yu Cheng
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia; Environment and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
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Bakhtom A, Ghasemzade Bariki S, Movahedirad S, Sobati MA. Machine learning-guided prediction and optimization of precipitation efficiency in the Bayer process. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wu P, Liu G, Li X, Peng Z, Zhou Q, Qi T, Wang Y, Shen L, Fang H, Wang Y. Multilayer adsorption improving the organic removal by foam flotation from sodium aluminate solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ran J, Duan H, Srinivasakannan C, Yao J, Yin S, Zhang L. Effective removal of organics from Bayer liquor through combined sonolysis and ozonation: Kinetics and mechanism. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106106. [PMID: 35921714 PMCID: PMC9352555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic compounds in the waste liquor is of serious environmental concern that has plagued the development of alumina industry (Bayer Process). The present work attempts to develop a green and efficient process for removal of organics utilizing combined effect of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The effects of reaction duration, ozone concentration and ultrasonic power are assessed for sonolysis (US), ozonation (O3) and combination of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The optimal conditions for US/O3 treatment system is identified to be a reaction duration of 7 h, ozone concentration of 7.65 g/h, and ultrasonic power of 600 W. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal and decolorization are 60.13% and 87.1%, respectively. The process can be scaled-up to industrial scale, which could potentially serve to be a convenient, safe and sustainable alternative to the exisiting treatment technologies. Additionally, the treated waste water can be reused contributing to an improvement in the overall economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ran
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Haisheng Duan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
| | - C Srinivasakannan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiashu Yao
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
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Red Mud from the Aluminium Industry: Production, Characteristics, and Alternative Applications in Construction Materials—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial to figure out an industrial solution able to consumes large volumes of this material. At this moment, there are several studies, the majority in metallurgical procedures, building materials, and in the chemical industry, discussing how to reuse red mud. This paper provides a review of the aluminium process, including metal importance, its global production, and the environmental impact due to its manufacture process. It presents a review of the potential application of red mud showing its overall generation, some relevant characterisation results collected from the literature, and its utilisation in diverse areas of engineering. The study aimed to highlight applications where red mud characteristics may be favourable.
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Wu P, Xue T, Liu G, Li X, Peng Z, Zhou Q, Qi T. Interfacial behavior and micellization of binary surfactant mixtures in the concentrated sodium aluminate solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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