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Jin W, Yang Y, Jin J, Xu M, Zhang Z, Dong F, Shao M, Wan Y. Characterization of phosphate modified red mud-based composite materials and study on heavy metal adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43687-43703. [PMID: 38904876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, Bayer red mud (RM) and lotus leaf powder (LL) were used as the main materials, and KH2PO4 was added to modify the material. Under the condition of high-temperature carbonization, RMLL was prepared and phosphate modified red mud matrix composite (PRMLL) was prepared based on KH2PO4 modification, which can effectively remove Pb2+ from water. The optimum preparation and application conditions were determined through orthogonal experiment: dosage 0.1g, ratio 1:1, and temperature 600 °C. The effects of pH, dosage, and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb2+ were studied. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, Timkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal adsorption models were used to fit the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with Langmuir model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of RMLL and PRMLL was 188.1 mg/g and 213.4 mg/g, respectively. It is larger than the adsorption capacity of their monomers. Therefore, the use of RMLL and PRMLL as the removal of Pb2+ from water is a potential application material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yanzhi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jiacheng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Mingchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Min Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yushan Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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Zhang Y, Fu P, Ni W, Zhang S, Li S, Deng W, Hu W, Li J, Pei F, Du L, Wang Y. A review of solid wastes-based stabilizers for remediating heavy metals co-contaminated soil: Applications and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170667. [PMID: 38331289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of heavy metals/metalloids (HMs) co-contaminated soil by solid wastes-based stabilizers (SWBS) has received major concern recently. Based on the literature reported in the latest years (2010-2023), this review systematically summarizes the different types of solid wastes (e.g., steel slag, coal fly ash, red mud, and sewage sludge, etc.) employed to stabilize HMs contaminated soil, and presents results from laboratory and field experiments. Firstly, the suitable solid wastes for soil remediation are reviewed, and the pros and cons are presented. Thereafter, the technical feasibility and economic benefit are evaluated for field application. Moreover, evaluation methods for remediation of different types of HMs-contaminated soil and the effects of SWBS on soil properties are summarized. Finally, due to the large specific surface, porous structure, and high reactivity, the SWBS can effectively stabilize HMs via adsorption, complexation, co/precipitation, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, redox, and hydration process. Importantly, the environmental implications and long-term effectiveness associated with the utilization of solid wastes are highlighted, which are challenges for practical implementation of soil stabilization using SWBS, because the aging of soil/solid wastes has not been thoroughly investigated. Future attention should focus on modifying the SWBS and establishing an integrated long-term stability evaluation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pingfeng Fu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuyun Pei
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Linfeng Du
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Yueling Wang
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
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Yin H, Zhou C, Wang J, Yin M, Wu Z, Song N, Song X, Shangguan Y, Sun Z, Zong Q, Hou H. Fe-CGS Effectively Inhibits the Dynamic Migration and Transformation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Soil. TOXICS 2024; 12:273. [PMID: 38668496 PMCID: PMC11054586 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The iron-modified coal gasification slag (Fe-CGS) material has excellent performance in purifying heavy-metal-contaminated water due to its good surface properties and adsorption capacities. However, it is unclear whether it can provide long-term simultaneous stabilization of Cd and As in composite-contaminated soils in extreme environments. This study investigated the long-term stabilization of Cd and As in acidic (JLG) and alkaline (QD) soils by simulating prolonged heavy rainfall with the addition of Fe-CGS. Multiple extraction methods were used to analyze the immobilization mechanisms of Cd and As in soil and their effects on bioavailability. The results indicate that the stabilization efficiency was related to the dosage of Fe-CGS. The concentrations of Cd and As in the JLG soil leachate were reduced by 77.6% (2.0 wt%) and 87.8% (1.0 wt%), respectively. Additionally, the availability of Cd and As decreased by 46.7% (2.0 wt%) and 53.0% (1.0 wt%), respectively. In the QD soil leachate, the concentration of Cd did not significantly change, while the concentration of As decreased by 92.3% (2.0 wt%). Furthermore, the availability of Cd and As decreased by 22.1% (2.0 wt%) and 40.2% (1.0 wt%), respectively. Continuous extraction revealed that Fe-CGS facilitated the conversion of unstable, acid-soluble Cd into oxidizable Cd and acid-soluble Cd. Additionally, it promoted the transformation of both non-specifically and specifically adsorbed As into amorphous iron oxide-bound and residual As. Fe-CGS effectively improved the soil pH, reduced the bioavailability of Cd and As, and blocked the migration of Cd and As under extreme rainfall leaching conditions. It also promoted the transformation of Cd and As into more stable forms, exhibiting satisfactory long-term stabilization performance for Cd and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Yin
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Y.); (N.S.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Mengxue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Y.); (N.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Xin Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Y.); (N.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Yuxian Shangguan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Zaijin Sun
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China;
| | - Quanli Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Y.); (N.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (C.Z.); (J.W.); (M.Y.); (Z.W.)
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Jiang Q, He Y, Wu Y, Dian B, Zhang J, Li T, Jiang M. Solidification/stabilization of soil heavy metals by alkaline industrial wastes: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120094. [PMID: 36067972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solidification/stabilization technology is one of the most desirable technologies for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils due to its convenience and effectiveness. The annual production of alkaline industrial wastes in China is in the hundreds of millions of tons. Alkaline industrial wastes have the potential to replace conventional stabilizers because of their cost effectiveness and performance in stabilizing heavy metals in soils. This paper systematically summarizes the use of four alkaline industrial wastes (soda residue, steel slag, carbide slag, and red mud) for the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soils and provides a comprehensive analysis of the three mechanisms of action (hydration, precipitation, and adsorption) and factors that influence the process. In addition, the environmental risks associated with the use of alkaline industrial wastes are highlighted. We found that soda residues, steel slag and carbide slag are appropriate for solidification/stabilization of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu, while red mud is a potential passivation agent for the stabilization of As in soils. However, implementation of remediation methods using alkaline industrial wastes has been limited because the long-term effectiveness, synergistic effects, and usage in soils containing multiple heavy metals have not been thoroughly studied. This review provides the latest knowledge on the mechanisms, risks, and challenges of using alkaline industrial wastes for solidification/stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongmei He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bo Dian
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jilai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tianguo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Wu J, Wang L. Spatial Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil-Vegetation System of a Red Mud Slag Yard, SW China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:122-129. [PMID: 35244751 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern, pollution status and potential ecological risk of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in soils and dominant plants around an abandoned red mud (RM) slag yard in Southwestern China. Soils exhibited representative enrichment and combination characteristics of these metals compared to the background values, ascribed to the leaching of long-term acid rain on the RM dump. The soil was moderately to severely polluted with As and Sb. Cd also posed a moderate ecological risk. Asteraceae species predominated in the RM slag yard, followed by Coriaria sinica and Robinia pseudoacacia. No plants were identified as hyperaccumulators because of low bioconcentration values, whereas Cosmos bipinnata can act as a potential phytostabilizer of heavy metals based on the translocation factor. The results provided effective decision support for reducing heavy metal pollution by phytoremediation RM stacking fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
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Effect of a Passivator Synthesized by Wastes of Iron Tailings and Biomass on the Leachability of Cd/Pb and Safety of Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis L.) in Contaminated Soil. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) carry a high heavy-metal-toxic risk for both animals and plants in soil. In this study, iron-based biochar (T-BC) was prepared by co-pyrolysis using wastes of iron tailings and biomass with urea as the functioning agents. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and toxicity-characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) methods were employed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of T-BC. Additionally, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of T-BC on the physiological characteristics of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.), the availability of heavy metals, and enzyme activities in the soils. The results show that toxic metals have been volatilized by the roasting process and immobilized within T-BC via the formation of stable metal-compounds during the co-pyrolysis process, which satisfies the requirements of a soil passivator. Incubation experiments showed that the DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb in contaminated soils decreased with an increasing amendment rate. Moreover, in the pot experiments, by adding 1% (w/w) T-BC into soils, the soils benefited from its large adsorption, complex precipitation, and immobilization capacity. Approximately 36% Cd and 29% Pb concentrations of edible parts in pak choi were reduced. The amendment proved promising for the stabilization of Cd and Pb in contaminated soils, while providing a strategy for solving the residual waste of tailings and biomass.
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Zheng R, Feng X, Zou W, Wang R, Yang D, Wei W, Li S, Chen H. Converting loess into zeolite for heavy metal polluted soil remediation based on "soil for soil-remediation" strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125199. [PMID: 33556854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both soil erosion and soil contamination pose critical environmental threats to the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Green, efficient and feasible remediation technologies are highly demanded to meet these challenges. Herein we propose a unique "soil for soil-remediation" strategy to remediate the heavy metal polluted soil in CLP by converting loess into zeolite for the first time. With a simple template-free route, the natural loess can be converted into cancrinite (CAN) type of zeolite. A highly crystalline CAN was obtained via hydrothermal treatment at 240 oC for 48 h, with a precursor alkalinity of Na/(Si+Al)> 2.0. The as-synthesized CAN zeolite exhibits excellent remediation performance for Pb(II) and Cu(II) polluted soil. Plant assay experiment demonstrates that CAN can significantly restrain the uptake and accumulation of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in vegetables, with a high removal efficiency up to 90.7% and 81.4%, respectively. This work demonstrates a "soil for soil-remediation" strategy to utilize the natural loess for soil remediation in CLP, which paves the way for developing green and sustainable remediation eco-materials with local loess as raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renji Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuezhen Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wensong Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ranhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dazhong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfei Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shangying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yang D, Chu Z, Zheng R, Wei W, Feng X, Zhang J, Li C, Zhang Z, Chen H. Remediation of Cu-polluted soil with analcime synthesized from engineering abandoned soils through green chemistry approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124673. [PMID: 33310322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large output and potential ecological risks, disposal of engineering abandoned soils (EAS) has become an enormous challenge for human society. Herein, EAS has been transformed into microporous analcime (ANA) zeolite material through a fast, energy-efficient, and straightforward conversion process. The as-synthesized ANA has been employed to remediate Cu-polluted soil, which shows a significant ecological restoration function in a vegetable pot experiment. With 25 g/kg ANA into Cu contaminated soil (total Cu concentration: 200 ppm), the Cu accumulation concentration in vegetables has been decreased from 5.60 down to 1.80 mg/kg (approaching the background Cu level 1.70 mg/kg in vegetables). Detailed mechanism study combining with DFT calculations reveals that the Cu2+ in soil has been captured both inside the ANA pore channels and on the surface via ion-exchange and surface adsorption mechanism. The whole process, including ANA synthesis and Cu polluted soil remediation, has been optimized to show a valuable conceptual model to recycle EAS resource and in-situ remediate Cu polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheting Chu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renji Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfei Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuezhen Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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