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Jin N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Sun S, Wu M, Dong X, Tong H, Xu J, Zhou H, Guan S, Xu W. C/N-Dependent Element Bioconversion Efficiency and Antimicrobial Protein Expression in Food Waste Treatment by Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095036. [PMID: 35563424 PMCID: PMC9104233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has emerged as a promising species for waste bioconversion and source of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, there is a scarcity of research on the element transformation efficiency and molecular characterization of AMPs derived from waste management. Here, food waste treatment was performed using BSF larvae (BSFL) in a C/N ratio of 21:1−10:1, with a focus on the C/N-dependent element bioconversion, AMP antimicrobial activity, and transcriptome profiling. The C-larvae transformation rates were found to be similar among C/Ns (27.0−35.5%, p = 0.109), while the N-larvae rates were different (p = 0.001), with C/N 21:1−16:1 (63.5−75.0%) being higher than C/N 14:1−10:1 (35.0−45.7%). The C/N ratio did not alter the antimicrobial spectrum of AMPs, but did affect the activities, with C/N 21:1 being significantly lower than C/N 18:1−10:1. The lysozyme genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed than the cecropin, defensin, and attacin genes in the AMP gene family. Out of 51 lysozyme genes, C/N 18:1 and C/N 16:1 up-regulated (p < 0.05) 14 and 12 genes compared with C/N 21:1, respectively, corresponding to the higher activity of AMPs. Overall, the element bioconversion efficiency and AMP expression can be enhanced through C/N ratio manipulation, and the C/N-dependent transcriptome regulation is the driving force of the AMP difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shouyu Zhang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Minghuo Wu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiyan Tong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence:
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