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Liu W, Gao Y, You Y, Jiang C, Hua T, Xia B. Adaptive time-step unscented kalman filtering (ATS-UKF) based observer design for urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance of diesel engines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133712. [PMID: 38377917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the number of sensors in the SCR catalyst, state feedback and fault diagnosis information are provided. Firstly, a model based on the coupling of flow, heat transfer, and gas-solid phase catalytic reaction in the SCR system is investigated in this paper. The parabolic partial differential equations are simplified by the variable substitution method and the method of lines approach (MOL). The simplified system of equations is solved by backward differentiation formulas (BDF) with adaptive adjustment time step strategy. Meanwhile, the chemical reaction parameters are accurately calibrated per second using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Secondly, the ATS-UKF is designed in this paper, and to ensure the synchronisation between the ATS-UKF and the SCR model calculations, the time step of solving the BDF by the SCR model is taken as the time step of propagating the sigma points. Two observation scenarios are assumed: (1) no downstream NH3 concentration sensor, ammonia coverage and downstream NH3 concentration are observed by ATS-UKF; (2) no downstream NOx sensor, ammonia coverage and downstream NOx concentration are observed by ATS-UKF. Finally, the paper carries out bench tests. In the first case, the ammonia coverage obtained by the ATS-UKF reached 0.99 with respect to the model-calculated value R². The mean absolute error (MAE) between the observed and experimental values of the ATS-UKF for the downstream NH3 concentration was 2.76 ppm. In the second case, the ammonia coverage obtained by the ATS-UKF reached 0.99 with respect to the model-calculated value R², and the MAE between the observed and experimental values of the ATS-UKF for the downstream NOx concentration was 1.53 ppm. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The Adaptive Time-Step Unscented Kalman Filtering (ATS-UKF) enhances urea Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in diesel engines, improving environmental outcomes. This method minimizes sensor dependence, enabling more precise SCR system management and effective emission reduction. By advancing emission control technologies, ATS-UKF contributes to global air pollution mitigation efforts, supporting cleaner air and environmental sustainability. Its innovative approach in monitoring and predicting SCR performance marks a significant step towards eco-friendly diesel engine operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Yuelin You
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Changwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Taoyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Bocong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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Wei Y, Wang S, Chen M, Han J, Yang G, Wang Q, Di J, Li H, Wu W, Yu J. Coaxial 3D Printing of Zeolite-Based Core-Shell Monolithic Cu-SSZ-13@SiO 2 Catalysts for Diesel Exhaust Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302912. [PMID: 37177904 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell catalysts with functional shells can increase the activity and stability of the catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammoniax. However, the conventional approaches based on multistep fabrication for core-shell structures encounter persistent restrictions regarding strict synthesis conditions and limited design flexibility. Herein, a facile coaxial 3D printing strategy is for the first time developed to construct zeolite-based core-shell monolithic catalysts with interconnected honeycomb structures, in which the hydrophilic noncompact silica serves as shell and Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite acts as core. Compared to a Cu-SSZ-13 monolith which suffers from the interfacial diffusion, the SiO2 shell layer can increase the accessibility of active sites over Cu-SSZ-13@SiO2, resulting in a 10-20% higher NO conversion at200-550 °C under 300 000 cm3 g-1 h-1. Meanwhile, a thicker SiO2 shell enhances the hydrothermal stability of the aged catalyst by inhibiting the dealumination and the formation of CuOx. Other representative monolithic catalysts with different topological zeolites as shell and diverse metal oxides as the core can be also realized by this coaxial 3D printing. This strategy allows multiple porous materials to be directly integrated, which allows for flexible design and fabrication of various core-shell monolithic catalysts with customized functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Mengyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guoju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiancheng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Tian X, Wang H, Xu S, Gao L, Cao J, Chen J, Zhang Q, Ning P, Hao J. Boosting the catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34 in NO x removal via hydrothermal treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:640-655. [PMID: 37778835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate ions promoted Cu-SAPO-34 (P-Cu-SAPO-34) were prepared using bulk CuO particles as Cu2+ precursor by a solid-state ion exchange technique for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). The effects of high temperature (H-T) hydrothermal aging on the NOx removal (de-NOx) performance of Cu-SAPO-34 with and without phosphate ions were systematically investigated at atomic level. The results displayed that both Cu-SAPO-34 and P-Cu-SAPO-34 presented relatively poor NOx removal activity with a low conversion (< 30%) at 250-500°C. However, after H-T hydrothermal treatment (800°C for 10 hr at 10% H2O), these two samples showed significantly satisfied NOx elimination performance with a quite high conversion (70%-90%) at 250-500°C. Additionally, phosphate ions decoration can further enhance the catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34 after hydrothermal treatment (Cu-SAPO-34H). The textural properties, morphologies, structural feature, acidity, redox characteristic, and surface-active species of the fresh and hydrothermally aged samples were analyzed using various characterization methods. The systematical characterization results revealed that increases of 28% of the isolated Cu2+ active species (Cu2+-2Z, Cu (OH)+-Z) mainly from bulk CuO and 50% of the Brønsted acid sites, the high dispersion of isolated Cu2+ active component as well as the Brønsted acid sites were mainly responsible for the accepted catalytic activity of these two hydrothermally aged samples, especially for P-Cu-SAPO-34H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lianyun Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinyan Cao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Guan B, Zhou J, Liu Z, Wu X, Wei Y, Guo J, Jiang H, Lin H, Huang Z. Degenerating effect of transformation and loss of active sites on NH3-SCR activity during the hydrothermal aging process for Cu-SSZ-13 molecular sieve catalyst. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Du H, Yang S, Li K, Shen Q, Li M, Wang X, Fan C. Study on the Performance of the Zr-Modified Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH 3-SCR. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45144-45152. [PMID: 36530236 PMCID: PMC9753203 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cu-SSZ-13 and Zr-modified Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with different Zr/Cu mass ratios were prepared by ion-exchange and impregnation methods, respectively. The NH3-SCR performance tests were performed using the catalyst performance evaluation device to investigate the effects of different Zr/Cu mass ratios on the catalyst ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) performance. X-ray diffraction, ICP-OES, BET, NH3 temperature-programed desorption (NH3-TPD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) were used to characterize the catalysts. The results show that the prepared Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst had good catalytic activity. Zr introduction was carried out on this basis. The results showed that proper Zr doping improved the catalytic activity at low temperatures and widened the high-temperature stage, with an optimal activity stage at a Zr/Cu mass ratio of 0.2. The NO x conversion efficiency was close to 100% at 200 °C and over 80% at 450 °C. The active species were well dispersed on the catalyst surface, and the metal modification did not change the crystal structure of the zeolite. The NH3-TPD results showed that the Zr-modified catalyst had more abundant acid sites, and the H2-TPR results indicated that the Cu species on the catalyst had excellent reducibility at low temperatures. The interaction between Cu and Zr could regulate the Cu+ and Cu2+ proportion on the catalyst surface, which facilitated the increase in the Cu+ for fast SCR reaction at low temperatures. With abundant acid sites and both SCR reactions following the Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism on the catalyst surface at a low temperature of 150 °C, more abundant acid sites and reaction paths created favorable conditions for NH3-SCR reactions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Du
- Vehicle
& Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Vehicle
& Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
| | - Ke Li
- Gu
an Denox Environment&Technology Holdings Co., Ltd., Beijing065000, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Gu
an Denox Environment&Technology Holdings Co., Ltd., Beijing065000, China
| | - Min Li
- Vehicle
& Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
| | - Xuetao Wang
- Vehicle
& Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
| | - Chenyang Fan
- Vehicle
& Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
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Zhou P, Wu T, Sun Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhu M, Zhang F, Hu N, Li Y, Gui T, Chen X, Kita H. Influence of sodium ion on high-silica SSZ-13 membranes for efficient CO2/CH4 and N2/CH4 separations. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li P, Xin Y, Zhang H, Yang F, Tang A, Han D, Jia J, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang Z. Recent progress in performance optimization of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx. Front Chem 2022; 10:1033255. [PMID: 36324517 PMCID: PMC9621587 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1033255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are the major gaseous pollutants emitted by mobile sources, especially diesel engines, contribute to many environmental issues and harm human health. Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) is proved to be one of the most efficient techniques for reducing NOx emission. Recently, Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst has been recognized as a promising candidate for NH3-SCR catalyst for reducing diesel engine NOx emissions due to its wide active temperature window and excellent hydrothermal stability. Despite being commercialized as an advanced selective catalytic reduction catalyst, Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst still confronts the challenges of low-temperature activity and hydrothermal aging to meet the increasing demands on catalytic performance and lifetime. Therefore, numerous studies have been dedicated to the improvement of NH3-SCR performance for Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst. In this review, the recent progress in NH3-SCR performance optimization of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts is summarized following three aspects: 1) modifying the Cu active sites; 2) introducing the heteroatoms or metal oxides; 3) regulating the morphology. Meanwhile, future perspectives and opportunities of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts in reducing diesel engine NOx emissions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xin,
| | - Hanxue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Ahui Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Junxiu Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenguo Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology, China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Guo F, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang X. Enhanced Stability and Catalytic Performance of Active Rh Sites on Al 2O 3 Via Atomic Layer Deposited ZrO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8825-8832. [PMID: 36107836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the Rh active sites on surfaces of Al2O3 is crucial to developing effective three-way catalysts. Herein, an ultralow amount of ZrO2 (0.0179%) was deposited onto Al2O3 nanorods via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to form a catalyst with both thermal stability and low-temperature activity. The results demonstrate that the ALD-ZrO2 is conducive to improve the catalytic activity of the Rh site and inhibit the formation of irreducible Rh species at high temperature. The obtained catalysts show satisfactory performance for a model NO-CO reaction even after thermal aging at 1050 °C. This strategy shows that a molecularly precise synthesis can lead to the robust promotion of Rh activity under low temperature and provide a promising path toward reducing the deactivation of catalysts at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy/Jiangxi Institute of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy/Jiangxi Institute of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiangguang Yang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy/Jiangxi Institute of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
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Chen W, Gu J, He B, Duan R, Liu L, Wang X. Computational Screening and Synthesis of M (M = Mo and Cu)-Doped CeO 2/silicalite-1 for Medium-/Low-Temperature NH 3–SCR. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jialiang Gu
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Beini He
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Rudi Duan
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xidong Wang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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