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Zubair A, Jamal A, Kallel M, He S. Empowering agriculture: The promise of zinc biofortification in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109085. [PMID: 39260264 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in metabolism in both plant and animal life. Zn deficiency is a worldwide problem that has recently gotten worse. This micronutrient shortage can be largely attributed to eating foods that are poor in zinc. If biofortification methods were widely used, Zn enrichment of the organ or tissue of interest would increase dramatically. However, Zn absorption mechanisms in rice plants must be understood on a fundamental level before these methods can be used effectively. Plant systems' Zn transporters and metal chelators play a major role in regulating this intricate physiological characteristic. The Zn efficiency of specific species is affected by a variety of factors, including the plant's growth stage, edaphic conditions, the time of year, and more. Both old and new ways of breeding plants can be used for biofortification. We have highlighted the significance of recombinant and genetic approaches to biofortifying in rice. In this review, we have the metabolic role of zinc in rice, and the different transporter families involved in the transportation of zinc in rice. We have also discussed the combined approaches of agronomic and genetic in zinc biofortification in rice and potential outcomes and future predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal Zubair
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Adil Jamal
- Faculty of Science, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan; Sciences and Research, College of Nursing Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 715 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Kallel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and arts, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shan He
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, China; Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
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Wu X, Chen L, Lin X, Chen X, Han C, Tian F, Wan X, Liu Q, He F, Chen L, Zhong Y, Yang H, Zhang F. Integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of PyWRKY48 in poplar under cadmium stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124072. [PMID: 36934813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant growth and responses to environmental stress. However, the molecular mechanism of WRKY to cadmium (Cd) stress is unclear, which prevents phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil from widely application. To determine the underlying mechanism, PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars were obtained (OE-32 and OE-67) to study the Cd tolerance and accumulation in poplars. Results showed that the Cd content in the aboveground part of the two transgenic poplar lines were 1.57 and 1.99 times higher than that of wild type (WT), and lateral roots, GSH, PCs content and GST activity increased significantly. RNA-seq. data about transgenic and WT poplars revealed that 2074 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots, 4325 in leaves, and 499 in both tissues. And these DEGs were mainly concentrated in ABC transport protein (PaABC), heavy-metal binding protein (PaHIPP), and transportation and loading of xylem (PaNPF, PaBSP) proteins, and they enhanced Cd accumulation. Meanwhile, PyWRKY48 increased the Cd tolerance of transgenic poplars by up-regulating the expression of PaGRP, PaPER and PaPHOS, which encode cell wall proteins, antioxidant enzyme, and heavy metal-associated proteins, respectively. In addition, overexpression PyWRKY48 promoted poplar growth by increasing the chlorophyll and carotenoid content. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This study generated PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars and functionally verified them in Cd-contaminated soil, to analyze the effects of the gene on poplar growth, Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation. RNA seq. data revealed that several genes are involved in Cd exposure. This may provide a strong molecular basis and new ideas for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soils. Importantly, the transgenic poplars grew better and accumulated more Cd than the wild-type. Therefore, PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars could be considered useful for mitigating environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chengyu Han
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hanbo Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Metalloprotein-Specific or Critical Amino Acid Residues: Perspectives on Plant-Precise Detoxification and Recognition Mechanisms under Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031734. [PMID: 35163656 PMCID: PMC8836122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in cultivated land is caused by irresistible geological factors and human activities; intense diffusion and migration have seriously affected the safety of food crops. Plants have evolved mechanisms to control excessive influx of Cd in the environment, such as directional transport, chelation and detoxification. This is done by some specific metalloproteins, whose key amino acid motifs have been investigated by scientists one by one. The application of powerful cell biology, crystal structure science, and molecular probe targeted labeling technology has identified a series of protein families involved in the influx, transport and detoxification of the heavy metal Cd. This review summarizes them as influx proteins (NRAMP, ZIP), chelating proteins (MT, PDF), vacuolar proteins (CAX, ABCC, MTP), long-distance transport proteins (OPT, HMA) and efflux proteins (PCR, ABCG). We selected representative proteins from each family, and compared their amino acid sequence, motif structure, subcellular location, tissue specific distribution and other characteristics of differences and common points, so as to summarize the key residues of the Cd binding target. Then, we explain its special mechanism of action from the molecular structure. In conclusion, this review is expected to provide a reference for the exploration of key amino acid targets of Cd, and lay a foundation for the intelligent design and breeding of crops with high/low Cd accumulation.
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