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Park KC, Lim J, Thaggard GC, Shustova NB. Mining for Metal-Organic Systems: Chemistry Frontiers of Th-, U-, and Zr-Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18189-18204. [PMID: 38943655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual framework presented in this Perspective overviews the design principles of innovative thorium-based materials that could address urgent needs of the medicinal, nuclear energy, and waste remediation sectors from the lens of zirconium and uranium analogs. We survey the intersections of Zr, Th, and U chemistry with a focus on how the intrinsic behavior of each metal translates to broader material properties, including, but not limited to, structural and topological diversity, preferential metal-ligand binding, and reactivity. On the example of several classes of materials, including organometallic complexes, polyoxometalates, and the primary focus of this Perspective, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the design principles that govern the preparation of Zr-, Th-, and U-compounds, including oxophilicity, variation in oxidation states, and stable coordination environments have been considered. Further, we highlight how the impact of the mentioned variables may shift throughout the progression from discrete molecular systems to extended structures. We discuss the common assumption that zirconium-organic materials are typically considered a close analog of thorium-based congeners in areas such as material design and preparation. Through consideration of fundamental chemistry principles, we shed light on the relationships between Zr-, Th-, and U-based materials and highlight how a critical analysis of their distinct properties can be used to target a desired material performance. As a result, we provide a detailed understanding of Th-based materials chemistry by anchoring their fundamental properties between two well-studied reference points, zirconium- and uranium-containing analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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2
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Bodo F, Erba A, Kraka E, Moura RT. Chemical bonding in Uranium-based materials: A local vibrational mode case study of Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 and UCl 4 crystals. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1130-1142. [PMID: 38279637 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The Local Vibrational Mode Analysis, initially applied to diverse molecular systems, was extended to periodic systems in 2019. This work introduces an enhanced version of the LModeA software, specifically designed for the comprehensive analysis of two and three-dimensional periodic structures. Notably, a novel interface with the Crystal package was established, enabling a seamless transition from molecules to periodic systems using a unified methodology. Two distinct sets of uranium-based systems were investigated: (i) the evolution of the Uranyl ion (UO 2 2 + ) traced from its molecular configurations to the solid state, exemplified by Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 and (ii) Uranium tetrachloride (UCl 4 ) in both its molecular and crystalline forms. The primary focus was on exploring the impact of crystal packing on key properties, including IR and Raman spectra, structural parameters, and an in-depth assessment of bond strength utilizing local mode perspectives. This work not only demonstrates the adaptability and versatility of LModeA for periodic systems but also highlights its potential for gaining insights into complex materials and aiding in the design of new materials through fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bodo
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil
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Zhang SY, Tang SB, Jiang YX, Zhu RY, Wang ZX, Long B, Su J. Mechanism of the Visible-Light-Promoted C(sp 3)-H Oxidation via Uranyl Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2418-2430. [PMID: 38264973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Uranyl cation, as an emerging photocatalyst, has been successfully applied to synthetic chemistry in recent years and displayed remarkable catalytic ability under visible light. However, the molecular-level reaction mechanisms of uranyl photocatalysis are unclear. Here, we explore the mechanism of the stepwise benzylic C-H oxygenation of typical alkyl-substituted aromatics (i.e., toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene) via uranyl photocatalysis using theoretical and experimental methods. Theoretical calculation results show that the most favorable reaction path for uranyl photocatalytic oxidation is as follows: first, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the benzyl position to form a carbon radical ([R•]), then oxygen addition ([R•] + O2 → [ROO•]), then radical-radical combination ([ROO•] + [R•] → [ROOR] → 2[RO•]), and eventually [RO•] reduction to produce alcohols, of which 2° alcohol would further be oxidized to ketones and 1° would be stepwise-oxygenated to acids. The results of the designed verification experiments and the capture of reactive intermediates were consistent with those of theoretical calculations and the previously reported research that the active benzylic C-H would be stepwise-oxygenated in the presence of uranyl. This work deepens our understanding of the HAT mechanism of uranyl photocatalysis and provides important theoretical support for the relevant application of uranyl photocatalysts in organic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Song-Bai Tang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Misael WA, Severo Pereira Gomes A. Core Excitations of Uranyl in Cs 2UO 2Cl 4 from Relativistic Embedded Damped Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11589-11601. [PMID: 37432868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopies, by their high selectivity and sensitivity to the chemical environment around the atoms probed, provide significant insights into the electronic structures of molecules and materials. Interpreting experimental results requires reliable theoretical models, accounting for environmental, relativistic, electron correlation, and orbital relaxation effects in a balanced manner. In this work, we present a protocol for the simulation of core excited spectra with damped response time-dependent density functional theory based on the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian (4c-DR-TD-DFT), in which environmental effects are accounted for through the frozen density embedding (FDE) method. We showcase this approach for the uranium M4- and L3-edges and oxygen K-edge of the uranyl tetrachloride (UO2Cl42-) unit as found in a host Cs2UO2Cl4 crystal. We have found that the 4c-DR-TD-DFT simulations yield excitation spectra that very closely match the experiment for the uranium M4-edge and the oxygen K-edge, with good agreement for the broad experimental spectra for the L3-edge. By decomposing the complex polarizability in terms of its components, we have been able to correlate our results with angle-resolved spectra. We have observed that for all edges, but in particular the uranium M4-edge, an embedded model in which the chloride ligands are replaced by an embedding potential reproduces rather well the spectral profile obtained for UO2Cl42-. Our results underscore the importance of the equatorial ligands to simulating core spectra at both uranium and oxygen edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilken Aldair Misael
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
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Li Y, Huang T, Liu X, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang X. Sorption-catalytic reduction/extraction of hexavalent Cr(VI) and U(VI) by porous frameworks materials. Sep Purif Technol 2023; 314:123615. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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Hanna SL, Farha OK. Energy-structure-property relationships in uranium metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4219-4229. [PMID: 37123191 PMCID: PMC10132172 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at the foot of the periodic table, uranium is a relatively underexplored element possessing rich chemistry. In addition to its high relevance to nuclear power, uranium shows promise for small molecule activation and photocatalysis, among many other powerful functions. Researchers have used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to harness uranium's properties, and in their quest to do so, have discovered remarkable structures and unique properties unobserved in traditional transition metal MOFs. More recently, (e.g. the last 8-10 years), theoretical calculations of framework energetics have supplemented structure-property studies in uranium MOFs (U-MOFs). In this Perspective, we summarize how these budding energy-structure-property relationships in U-MOFs enable a deeper understanding of chemical phenomena, enlarge chemical space, and elevate the field to targeted, rather than exploratory, discovery. Importantly, this Perspective encourages interdisciplinary connections between experimentalists and theorists by demonstrating how these collaborations have elevated the entire U-MOF field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Li Y, Huang T, Liu X, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang X. Sorption-catalytic reduction/extraction of hexavalent Cr(VI) and U(VI) by porous frameworks materials. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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8
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Covalent organic frameworks (COF) materials for selective radionuclides removal from water. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Rafeeq H, Afsheen N, Rafique S, Arshad A, Intisar M, Hussain A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Genetically engineered microorganisms for environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136751. [PMID: 36209847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent era, the increasing persistence of hazardous contaminants is badly affecting the globe in many ways. Due to high environmental contamination, almost every second species on earth facing the worst issue in their survival. Advances in newer remediation approaches may help enhance bioremediation's quality, while conventional procedures have failed to remove hazardous compounds from the environment. Chemical and physical waste cleanup approaches have been used in current circumstances; however, these methods are costly and harmful to the environment. Thus, there has been a rise in the use of bioremediation due to an increase in environmental contamination, which led to the development of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs). It is safer and more cost-effective to use engineered microorganisms rather than alternative methods. GEMs are created by introducing a stronger protein into bacteria through biotechnology or genetic engineering to enhance the desired trait. Biodegradation of oil spills, halobenzoates naphthalenes, toluenes, trichloroethylene, octanes, xylenes etc. has been accomplished using GEMs such bacteria, fungus, and algae. Biotechnologically induced microorganisms are more powerful than naturally occurring ones and may degrade contaminants faster because they can quickly adapt to new pollutants they encounter or co-metabolize. Genetic engineering is a worthy process that will benefit the environment and ultimately the health of our people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Rafique
- Departement of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maham Intisar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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