1
|
Yatera K, Nishida C. Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Environmental and occupational lung diseases. Respirology 2024; 29:574-587. [PMID: 38826078 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Air pollutants have various effects on human health in environmental and occupational settings. Air pollutants can be a risk factor for incidence, exacerbation/aggravation and death due to various lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis or pneumonia (HP), pulmonary fibrosis such as pneumoconiosis and malignant respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases are crucial clinical and social issues worldwide, although the burden of respiratory disease due to environmental and occupational causes varies depending on country/region, demographic variables, geographical location, industrial structure and socioeconomic situation. The correct recognition of environmental and occupational lung diseases and taking appropriate measures are essential to their effective prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Nishida
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peter L, Modiri-Gharehveran M, Alvarez-Campos O, Evanylo GK, Lee LS. PFAS fate using lysimeters during degraded soil reclamation using biosolids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024. [PMID: 38816342 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbon- and nutrient-rich biosolids are used in agriculture and land reclamation. However, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) typically present in biosolids raise concerns of PFAS leaching to groundwater and plant uptake. Here, we investigated PFAS persistence and leaching from biosolids applied to a site constructed artificially to mimic degraded soils. Treatments included biosolids and biosolids blended with mulch applied at different rates to attain either one and five times the agronomic N rate for vegetable crops and a control treatment with synthetic urea and triple superphosphate fertilizer. Leachates were collected for a 2-year period from 15-cm depth zero-tension drainage lysimeters. Soils were analyzed post biosolids application. PFAS were quantified using isotope-dilution, solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Leachate profiles exemplified an initial high total PFAS concentration, followed by a sharp decline and subsequent small fluctuations attributed to pre-existing soil conditions and rainfall patterns. Quantifiable PFAS in leachate were proportional to biosolids application rates. Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (CF2 < 6) were dominant in leachate, while the percentage of longer chains homologues was higher in soils. A 43% biosolids blend with mulch resulted in 21% lower PFAS leachate concentrations even with the blend application rate being 1.5 times higher than biosolids due to the blend's lower N-content. The blending effect was more pronounced for long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids that have a greater retention by soils and the air-water interface. Biosolids blending as a pragmatic strategy for reducing PFAS leachate concentrations may aid in the sustainable beneficial reuse of biosolids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Peter
- Department of Agronomy, Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahsa Modiri-Gharehveran
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA
| | - Odiney Alvarez-Campos
- USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory K Evanylo
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson RH, Modiri M. Application of Gaussian mixture models to quantify the upper background threshold for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in U.S. surface soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:229. [PMID: 38306000 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the occurrence and environmental distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have clearly demonstrated their ubiquity in surface soil as a result of historic and ongoing emissions from various manufacturing and industrial activities worldwide. Given global efforts to characterize and mitigate risk from point source-impacted sites, there is, thus, an urgent need to quantify nonpoint source threshold concentrations (i.e., background) to support site management decisions particularly for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as a top priority. Accordingly, this study evaluated the application of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) fitted to log-transformed PFOS concentrations using nation-wide metadata consisting of thousands of surface soil samples representative of both background and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) impacts with unknown proportion. Multiple GMMs were fitted for a given number of components using different methods to account for bias associated with a marginal non-detect fraction (n = 8%) including exclusion, substitution, and imputation. Careful evaluation of the rate of change among multiple goodness-of-fit measures universally justified fitting a 2-component GMM; thus, discriminating between background and AFFF-impacted samples among the metadata. Background threshold PFOS concentrations were defined as the intersection of the probability density functions and ranged between 1.9 and 13.8 µg/kg within a broader concentration range extending up to ~ 50,000 µg/kg reflecting AFFF impacts. By demonstrating an innovative statistical approach that intelligently incorporates different criteria for model selection, this research makes significant contributions to risk mitigation efforts at point source-impacted sites and lays the groundwork for future targeted regulatory actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Modiri
- EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc, PCB, Hunt Valley, MD, 21031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gravesen CR, Lee LS, Alukkal CR, Openiyi EO, Judy JD. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water treatment residuals: Occurrence and desorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023. [PMID: 37775154 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface and ground waters supplying municipal drinking water are a growing concern. However, PFAS concentrations in water treatment residuals (WTRs)-a solid by-product of water treatment-have yet to be explored. In a first of its kind assessment, we examine PFAS occurrence in seven calcium (Ca)-, iron-, and aluminum-based drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) and one wastewater effluent treatment residual (WWETR) produced using aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH). Only perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were detected, with total PFAA concentrations in the seven DWTRs produced from naturally recharged water sources ranging from 0 to ∼3.3 μg kg-1 ; no PFAS were detected in either of the Ca-DWTRs. The ACH-WWETR contained the highest number and concentration of PFAAs (34 μg kg-1 ). Desorption of resident PFAAs from the WTRs was negligible for the carboxylates (PFCAs). Some desorption of the sulfonates (PFSAs) was detected, particularly for PFOS which had the highest concentration among all resident PFAAs. The ACH-WWETR was further evaluated for its potential to attenuate additional PFAAs (3500 μg mL-1 total PFAAs) in a biosolid-derived porewater matrix. Sorption was highest for long-chain PFAAs and subsequent desorption of the adsorbed PFAAs ranged from 0% to no more than 26%, with the WWETR mass added strongly affecting both PFSA and PFCA sorption/desorption. These findings suggest that WTRs, if introduced into the environment, are unlikely to be a major source of PFAS. Also, the use of particular WTRs as amendments may provide a beneficial reduction in PFAS mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Gravesen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Caroline R Alukkal
- Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Elijah O Openiyi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan D Judy
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shields EP, Krug JD, Roberson WR, Jackson SR, Smeltz MG, Allen MR, Preston Burnette R, Nash JT, Virtaranta L, Preston W, Liberatore HK, Ariel Geer Wallace M, Ryan JV, Kariher PH, Lemieux PM, Linak WP. Pilot-Scale Thermal Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Legacy Aqueous Film Forming Foam. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:1308-1317. [PMID: 38989445 PMCID: PMC11235189 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is critical to ensure effective remediation of PFAS contaminated matrices. The destruction of hazardous chemicals within incinerators and other thermal treatment processes has historically been determined by calculating the destruction efficiency (DE) or the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE). While high DEs, >99.99%, are deemed acceptable for most hazardous compounds, many PFAS can be converted to other PFAS at low temperatures resulting in high DEs without full mineralization and the potential release of the remaining fluorocarbon portions to the environment. Many of these products of incomplete combustion (PICs) are greenhouse gases, most have unknown toxicity, and some can react to create new perfluorocarboxylic acids. Experiments using aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) and a pilot-scale research combustor varied the combustion environment to determine if DEs indicate PFAS mineralization. Several operating conditions above 1090 °C resulted in high DEs and few detectable fluorinated PIC emissions. However, several conditions below 1000 °C produced DEs >99.99% for the quantifiable PFAS and mg/m3 emission concentrations of several non-polar PFAS PICs. These results suggest that DE alone may not be the best indication of total PFAS destruction, and additional PIC characterization may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Shields
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Jonathan D Krug
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - William R Roberson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Stephen R Jackson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Marci G Smeltz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | | | | | - John T Nash
- Jacobs Technology Inc., Cary, NC, 27518, USA
| | - Larry Virtaranta
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | | | - Hannah K Liberatore
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Ryan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Peter H Kariher
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Paul M Lemieux
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - William P Linak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dragon J, Hoaglund M, Badireddy AR, Nielsen G, Schlezinger J, Shukla A. Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Affect Inflammation in Lung Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8539. [PMID: 37239886 PMCID: PMC10218140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse lung outcomes from exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known; however, the mechanism of action is poorly understood. To explore this, human bronchial epithelial cells were grown and exposed to varied concentrations of short-chain (perfluorobutanoic acid, perflurobutane sulfonic acid and GenX) or long-chain (PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)) PFAS, alone or in a mixture to identify cytotoxic concentrations. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of PFAS from this experiment were selected to assess NLRP3 inflammasome activation and priming. We found that PFOA and PFOS alone or in a mixture primed and activated the inflammasome compared with vehicle control. Atomic force microscopy showed that PFOA but not PFOS significantly altered the membrane properties of cells. RNA sequencing was performed on the lungs of mice that had consumed PFOA in drinking water for 14 weeks. Wild type (WT), PPARα knock-out (KO) and humanized PPARα (KI) were exposed to PFOA. We found that multiple inflammation- and immune-related genes were affected. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PFAS exposure could alter lung biology in a significant manner and may contribute to asthma/airway hyper-responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dragon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (J.D.); (M.H.); (A.R.B.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Michael Hoaglund
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (J.D.); (M.H.); (A.R.B.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (J.D.); (M.H.); (A.R.B.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Greylin Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (J.D.); (M.H.); (A.R.B.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin M, Liao Q, Tang P, Song Y, Liang J, Li J, Mu C, Liu S, Qiu X, Yi R, Pang Q, Pan D, Zeng X, Huang D. Association of maternal perfluoroalkyl substance exposure with postpartum haemorrhage in Guangxi, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114078. [PMID: 36137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, and it may be caused by environmental endocrine disruptors. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in women has been linked to pregnancy disorders and adverse birth outcomes, but no data are available on the relationship between PFAS exposure during pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage. This study aimed to explore the associations of maternal PFAS exposure with the postpartum haemorrhage risk and total blood loss. A total of 1496 mother-infant pairs in the Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort were included between June 2015 and May 2018. The concentration of PFASs in serum was detected using ultrahigh liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple binomial regression and linear regression models were used to analyse individual PFAS exposures. The mixture of PFASs was analysed using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). In single substance exposure models, exposure to perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) increased the risk of postpartum haemorrhage (OR: 3.42, 95 % CI: 1.45, 8.07), while exposure to perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) was inversely associated with the risk of postpartum haemorrhage (OR: 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.22, 0.80). The concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) (β: 0.06, 95 % CI: 12.32, 108.82) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (β: 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.40, 88.95) exposure were positively correlated with the amount of postpartum haemorrhage; this result occurred only in the absence of covariate adjustment. In BKMR models, the risk of postpartum haemorrhage increased with increasing exposure to a PFAS mixture. In conclusion, our study suggested that maternal serum PFAS exposure during pregnancy was associated with the risk of postpartum haemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Lin
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanye Song
- Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Changhui Mu
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Yi
- Paediatrics, Tiandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tiandong 531500, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Debao Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Debao 533700, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|