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Qaseem MF, Zhang W, Dupree P, Wu AM. Xylan structural diversity, biosynthesis, and functional regulation in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 291:138866. [PMID: 39719228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
Xylan is a vital component of plant cell walls, contributing to their structural integrity and flexibility through interactions with other polymers. Its structure varies among plant species, influencing the mechanical properties of cell walls. Xylan also has significant industrial potential, including in biofuels, biomaterials, food, and pharmaceuticals, due to its ability to be converted into valuable bioproducts. However, key aspects of xylan biosynthesis, regulation, and structural impact on plant growth and structures remain unclear. This review highlights current researches on xylan biosynthesis, modification, and applications, identifying critical gaps in knowledge. Meanwhile the review proposes new approaches to regulate xylan synthesis and understand its role in cell wall assembly and interactions with other polymers. Addressing these gaps could unlock the full industrial potential of xylan, leading to more sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Yang Y, Mu J, Hao X, Yang K, Cao Z, Feng J, Li R, Zhang N, Zhou G, Kong Y, Wang D. Identification and Analysis of the Mechanism of Stem Mechanical Strength Enhancement for Maize Inbred Lines QY1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8195. [PMID: 39125770 PMCID: PMC11312173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing stalk strength is a crucial strategy to reduce lodging. We identified a maize inbred line, QY1, with superior stalk mechanical strength. Comprehensive analyses of the microstructure, cell wall composition, and transcriptome of QY1 were performed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to its increased strength. Notably, both the vascular bundle area and the thickness of the sclerenchyma cell walls in QY1 were significantly increased. Furthermore, analyses of cell wall components revealed a significant increase in cellulose content and a notable reduction in lignin content. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed changes in the expression of numerous genes involved in cell wall synthesis and modification, especially those encoding pectin methylesterase (PME). Variations in PME activity and the degree of methylesterification were noted. Additionally, glycolytic efficiency in QY1 was significantly enhanced. These findings indicate that QY1 could be a valuable resource for the development of maize varieties with enhanced stalk mechanical strength and for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jianing Mu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Kangkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ziyu Cao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jiping Feng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Runhao Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.Y.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (K.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.F.); (R.L.); (N.Z.)
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257000, China
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Wang Y, Wang M, Yan X, Chen K, Tian F, Yang X, Cao L, Ruan N, Dang Z, Yin X, Huang Y, Li F, Xu Q. The DEP1 Mutation Improves Stem Lodging Resistance and Biomass Saccharification by Affecting Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:35. [PMID: 38748282 PMCID: PMC11096150 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell walls have evolved precise plasticity in response to environmental stimuli. The plant heterotrimeric G protein complexes could sense and transmit extracellular signals to intracellular signaling systems, and activate a series of downstream responses. dep1 (Dense and Erect Panicles 1), the gain-of-function mutation of DEP1 encoding a G protein γ subunit, confers rice multiple improved agronomic traits. However, the effects of DEP1 on cell wall biosynthesis and wall-related agronomic traits remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the DEP1 mutation affects cell wall biosynthesis, leading to improved lodging resistance and biomass saccharification. The DEP1 is ubiquitously expressed with a relatively higher expression level in tissues rich in cell walls. The CRISPR/Cas9 editing mutants of DEP1 (dep1-cs) displayed a significant enhancement in stem mechanical properties relative to the wild-type, leading to a substantial improvement in lodging resistance. Cell wall analyses showed that the DEP1 mutation increased the contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin, and reduced lignin content and cellulose crystallinity (CrI). Additionally, the dep1-cs seedlings exhibited higher sensitivity to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and isoxaben, compared with the wild-type, confirming the role of DEP1 in cellulose deposition. Moreover, the DEP1 mutation-mediated alterations of cell walls lead to increased enzymatic saccharification of biomass after the alkali pretreatment. Furthermore, the comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the DEP1 mutation substantially altered expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and cell wall biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the roles of DEP1 in cell wall biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and biomass saccharification in rice and suggested genetic modification of DEP1 as a potential strategy to develop energy rice varieties with high lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuhao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Du Y, Zhao H, Feng N, Zheng D, Khan A, Zhou H, Deng P, Wang Y, Lu X, Jiang W. Alginate Oligosaccharides Alleviate Salt Stress in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Cell Wall Metabolism to Maintain Cell Wall Structure and Improve Lodging Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1215. [PMID: 38732430 PMCID: PMC11085217 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that damage the structure and composition of cell walls. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have been advocated to significantly improve plant stress tolerance. The metabolic mechanism by which AOS induces salt tolerance in rice cell walls remains unclear. Here, we report the impact of AOS foliar application on the cell wall composition of rice seedlings using the salt-tolerant rice variety FL478 and the salt-sensitive variety IR29. Data revealed that salt stress decreased biomass, stem basal width, stem breaking strength, and lodging resistance; however, it increased cell wall thickness. In leaves, exogenous AOS up-regulated the expression level of OSCESA8, increased abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroids (BR) content, and increased β-galacturonic activity, polygalacturonase activity, xylanase activity, laccase activity, biomass, and cellulose content. Moreover, AOS down-regulated the expression levels of OSMYB46 and OSIRX10 and decreased cell wall hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin content to maintain cell wall stability under salt stress. In stems, AOS increased phenylalamine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities, while decreasing cellulase, laccase, and β-glucanase activities. Furthermore, AOS improved the biomass and stem basal width and also enhanced the cellulose, pectin, and lignin content of the stem, As a result, increased resistance to stem breakage strength and alleviated salt stress-induced damage, thus enhancing the lodging resistance. Under salt stress, AOS regulates phytohormones and modifies cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin metabolism to maintain cell wall structure and improve stem resistance to lodging. This study aims to alleviate salt stress damage to rice cell walls, enhance resistance to lodging, and improve salt tolerance in rice by exogenous application of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Aaqil Khan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xutong Lu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Li J, Zhao P, Zhao L, Chen Q, Nong S, Li Q, Wang L. Integrated VIS/NIR Spectrum and Genome-Wide Association Study for Genetic Dissection of Cellulose Crystallinity in Wheat Stems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3028. [PMID: 38474272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose crystallinity is a crucial factor influencing stem strength and, consequently, wheat lodging. However, the genetic dissection of cellulose crystallinity is less reported due to the difficulty of its measurement. In this study, VIS/NIR spectra and cellulose crystallinity were measured for a wheat accession panel with diverse genetic backgrounds. We developed a reliable VIS/NIR model for cellulose crystallinity with a high determination coefficient (R2) (0.95) and residual prediction deviation (RPD) (4.04), enabling the rapid screening of wheat samples. A GWAS of the cellulose crystallinity in 326 wheat accessions revealed 14 significant SNPs and 13 QTLs. Two candidate genes, TraesCS4B03G0029800 and TraesCS5B03G1085500, were identified. In summary, this study establishes an efficient method for the measurement of cellulose crystallinity in wheat stems and provides a genetic basis for enhancing lodging resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peimin Zhao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shikun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Wang Y, Wen J, Li S, Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Ren X, Wang L, Tang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L. Upgrading pectin methylation for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification and cadmium phytoremediation in rice Ospmes site-mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130137. [PMID: 38354940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crop straws provide enormous biomass residues applicable for biofuel production and trace metal phytoremediation. However, as lignocellulose recalcitrance determines a costly process with potential secondary waste liberation, genetic modification of plant cell walls is deemed as a promising solution. Although pectin methylation plays an important role for plant cell wall construction and integrity, little is known about its regulation roles on lignocellulose hydrolysis and trace metal elimination. In this study, we initially performed a typical CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for site mutations of OsPME31, OsPME34 and OsPME79 in rice, and then determined significantly upgraded pectin methylation degrees in the young seedlings of three distinct site-mutants compared to their wild type. We then examined distinctively improved lignocellulose recalcitrance in three mutants including reduced cellulose levels, crystallinity and polymerization or raised hemicellulose deposition and cellulose accessibility, which led to specifically enlarged biomass porosity either for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification under mild alkali pretreatments or for cadmium (Cd) accumulation up to 2.4-fold. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model to elucidate how pectin methylation could play a unique enhancement role for both lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and Cd phytoremediation, providing insights into precise pectin modification for effective biomass utilization and efficient trace metal exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxue Wen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunong Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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