1
|
Gao T, Wang W, Ma J, Zheng T, Li L. Diffusion behavior and transport risk of bioaerosol particles in a domestic waste landfill site in an arid and cold region of northwestern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135629. [PMID: 39197283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols have attracted increasing attention as novel contaminants because of their potential role in the spread of disease. In this study, sampling sites were established in a landfill in northwestern China with the aim of investigating the emission and diffusion characteristics of bioaerosols. The results revealed that the counts of airborne bacteria released by landfill cover area (LCA) and waste dumping area (WDA) located in the landfill area reached 18 193 ± 30 CFU/m3 and 10 948 ± 105 CFU/m3, respectively. These two aeras were the main sources of bioaerosol generation. Meanwhile, Corynebacterium spp., Bacteroidetes spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were identified as potential pathogens. A Gaussian model was applied to simulate the diffusion of the bioaerosols; the influence distance was calculated as 12 km from the boundary of the landfill site. The potential health risks of bioaerosol exposure to on-site workers and nearby residents were calculated and evaluated in terms of aerosol concentration, particle size, and pathogenic bacteria. The present study promotes the recognition of the emission behavior of microorganisms in aerosol particles and provides a basis for controlling bioaerosol contamination from landfill sites, particularly those located in cold and arid northwestern regions of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Liu Y, Xue S, Chai F, Zhang S, Yang K, Liu Y, Li J, Yu F. Comparative analysis of bioaerosol emissions: Seasonal dynamics and exposure risks in hospital vs. municipal wastewater treatment systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124608. [PMID: 39053807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater is known to contain various pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances. During the hospital wastewater treatment process, the bioaerosols released may encapsulate these pathogens, leading to human infection. This study undertook an investigation to compare the dispersion characteristics and seasonal variations of bioaerosols from hospital and municipal sewage. The results indicated that the airborne bacterial concentration from hospital sewage (119 ± 118 CFU/m3) was higher than municipal sewage (46 ± 19 CFU/m3), with the highest concentration observed in summer. The dominant bacterial genera present in bioaerosols from both sewages were alike, with the proportions varied by sewage types and the structure mainly influenced by seasonal factors. Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus were identified as the most prevalent pathogenic genera in spring, summer and winter bioaerosols, respectively, while Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were abundant in autumn. Although the non-carcinogenic risk associated with bioaerosols was low (<1), the presence of pathogenic species and their potential synergistic interactions elevated the overall exposure risk. The diffusion modeling results demonstrated that bioaerosol emissions from the surface of hospital sewage can reach up to 10570 CFU/m3 in summer and can spread more than 300 m downwind. The potential pathogenicity of bioaerosols was also highest in summer, which may pose a health hazard to populations located downwind. Therefore, the management and control of bioaerosols from sewage should be strengthened, especially in summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Song Xue
- CSCEC SCIMEE Sci.& Tech. Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610045, PR China.
| | - Fengguang Chai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Fangfang Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma M, Chen J, Dong L, Su Y, Tian S, Zhou Y, Li M. Polyoxometalates and their composites for antimicrobial applications: Advances, mechanisms and future prospects. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 262:112739. [PMID: 39293326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can be even more difficult to treat and pose an even greater threat to public health. In order to address the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, researchers currently are exploring alternative methods of sterilization that are both effective and sustainable. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as emerging transition metal oxide compounds, exhibit significant potential in various applications due to their remarkable tunable physical and chemical performance, especially in antibacterial fields. They constitute a diverse family of inorganic clusters, characterized by a wide array of composition, structures and charges. Presently, several studies indicated that POM-based composites have garnered extensive attention in the realms of the antibacterial field and may become promising materials for future medical applications. Moreover, this review will focus on exploring the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of different kinds of organic-inorganic hybrid POMs, POM-based composites, films and hydrogels with substantial bioactivity, while POM-based composites have the dual advantages of POMs and other materials. Additionally, the potential antimicrobial mechanisms have also been discussed, mainly encompassing cell wall/membrane disruption, intracellular material leakage, heightened intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and depletion of glutathione (GSH). These findings open up exciting possibilities for POMs as exemplary materials in the antibacterial arena and expand their prospective applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Liuyang Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yue Su
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Cell Medical Engineering of Henan, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China.
| | - Shufang Tian
- School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yuemin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Cell Medical Engineering of Henan, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan S, Liu Q, Xing K, Liu Z, Guo H, Jiang W, Ma X, Yan M, Wang C, Liu X, Xing D. Versatile filter membrane for effective sampling and real-time quantitative detection of airborne pathogens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134740. [PMID: 38805821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Construction of air filter membranes bearing prominent collecting and transferring capability is highly desirable for detecting airborne pathogens but remains challenging. Here, a hyaluronic acid air filter membrane (HAFM) with tunable heterogeneous micro-nano porous structures is straightforwardly constructed through the ethanol-induced phase separation strategy. Airborne pathogens can be trapped and collected by HAFM with high performance due to the ideal trade-off between removal efficiency and pressure drop. By exempting the sample elution and extraction processes, the HAFM after filtration sampling can not only directly disperse on the agar plate for colony culture but also turn to an aqueous solution for centrifugal enrichment, which significantly reduces the damage and losses of the captured microorganisms. The following combination with ATP bioluminescence endows the HAFM with a real-time quantitative detection function for the captured airborne pathogens. Benefiting from high-efficiency sampling and non-traumatic transfer of airborne pathogens, the real-world bioaerosol concentration can be facilely evaluated by the HAFM-based ATP assay. This work thus not only provides a feasible strategy to fabricate air filter membranes for efficient microbial collection and enrichment but also sheds light on designing advanced protocols for real-time detection of bioaerosols in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kunyue Xing
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhanjie Liu
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co.,Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Han Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingzhe Yan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Shao Z, Chen G, Lin B, Li D, Chen J. Assessment of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide on airborne bacteria: Disinfection efficiency and induction of antibiotic resistance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134697. [PMID: 38823102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens severely threaten public health worldwide. Air disinfection is essential to ensure public health. However, excessive use of disinfectants may endanger environmental and ecological security due to the residual disinfectants and their by-products. This study systematically evaluated disinfection efficiency, induction of multidrug resistance, and the underlying mechanisms of disinfectants (NaClO and H2O2) on airborne bacteria. The results showed that airborne bacteria were effectively inactivated by atomized NaClO (>160 μg/L) and H2O2 (>320 μg/L) after 15 min. However, some bacteria still survived after disinfection by atomized NaClO (0-80 μg/L) and H2O2 (0-160 μg/L), and they exhibited significant increases in antibiotic resistance. The whole-genome sequencing of the resistant bacteria revealed distinct mutations that were responsible for both antibiotic resistance and virulence. This study also provided evidences and insights into possible mechanisms underlying the induction of antibiotic resistance by air disinfection, which involved intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, oxidative stress responses, alterations in bacterial membranes, activation of efflux pumps, and the thickening of biofilms. The present results also shed light on the role of air disinfection in inducing antibiotic resistance, which could be a crucial factor contributing to the global spread of antibiotic resistance through the air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiwei Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding L, Zhang Q, Wang C, Yao C, Shan F, Li Q. A Clean and Health-Care-Focused Way to Reduce Indoor Airborne Bacteria in Calf House with Long-Wave Ultraviolet. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1472. [PMID: 39065239 PMCID: PMC11279370 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to a relatively high concentration of airborne bacteria emitted from intensive livestock houses could potentially threaten the health and welfare of animals and workers. There is a dual effect of air sterilization and promotion of vitamin D synthesis for the specific bands of ultraviolet light. This study investigated the potential use of A-band ultraviolet (UVA) tubes as a clean and safe way of reducing airborne bacteria and improving calf health. The composition and emission characteristics of airborne bacteria were investigated and used to determine the correct operating regime of UVA tubes in calf houses. Intermittent exceedances of indoor airborne bacteria were observed in closed calf houses. The measured emission intensity of airborne bacteria was 1.13 ± 0.09 × 107 CFU h-1 per calf. Proteobacteria were the dominant microbial species in the air inside and outside calf houses. After UVA radiation, the indoor culturable airborne bacteria decreased in all particle size ranges of the Anderson sampler, and it showed the highest reduction rate in the size range of 3.3-4.7 μm. The results of this study would enrich the knowledge of the source characteristics of the airborne bacteria in intensive livestock farming and contribute to the environmental control of cattle in intensive livestock production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Ding
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chaoyuan Wang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Feifei Shan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Wang W, Yu X, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Han Y, Li L. Global diversity of airborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi from wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121764. [PMID: 38761593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as one of the major potential sources of the spread of airborne pathogenic microorganisms under the global pandemic of COVID-19. The differences in research regions, wastewater treatment processes, environmental conditions, and other aspects in the existing case studies have caused some confusion in the understanding of bioaerosol pollution characteristics. In this study, we integrated and analyzed data from field sampling and performed a systematic literature search to determine the abundance of airborne microorganisms in 13 countries and 37 cities across four continents (Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa). We analyzed the concentrations of bioaerosols, the core composition, global diversity, determinants, and potential risks of airborne pathogen communities in WWTPs. Our findings showed that the culturable bioaerosol concentrations of global WWTPs are 102-105 CFU/m3. Three core bacterial pathogens, namely Bacillus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, as well as two core fungal pathogens, Cladosporium and Aspergillus, were identified in the air across global WWTPs. WWTPs have unique core pathogenic communities and distinct continental divergence. The sources of airborne microorganisms (wastewater) and environmental variables (relative humidity and air contaminants) have impacts on the distribution of airborne pathogens. Potential health risks are associated with the core airborne pathogens in WWTPs. Our study showed the specificity, multifactorial influences, and potential pathogenicity of airborne pathogenic communities in WWTPs. Our findings can improve the understanding of the global diversity and biogeography of airborne pathogens in WWTPs, guiding risk assessment and control strategies for such pathogens. Furthermore, they provide a theoretical basis for safeguarding the health of WWTP workers and ensuring regional ecological security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao S, Liu Y, Chang J, Wang J, Peng H, Cui B, Bai J, Wang Y, Hua L. Bioaerosols in deodorization covers of wastewater treatment plants: Emission characteristics and health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141552. [PMID: 38408571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the main source of bioaerosol emissions. The cover of deodorization within WWTPs serves not only to manage odors but also to limit the dispersion of bioaerosols. This study investigated the emission characteristics and exposure risks of bioaerosols inside deodorization covers from a WWTP in Northern China. The results revealed that the concentration of bacteria in bioaerosols ranged from 96 ± 8 to 706 ± 45 CFU/m3, with the highest concentration observed in the biochemical reaction tank. The predominant bacterial genera in bioaerosols within the odor control covers were Cetobacterium, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Tubricibacter, while the dominant fungal genera included Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Cladosporium. The main water-soluble ions in the air were NH4+, Ca2+, SO42-, and Cl-. SO42- was found to promote the survival of Cetobacterium, Brevibacterium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Filobasidium, while Cl- exhibited inhibitory effects on most microorganisms in bioaerosols. Source tracker analysis indicated that wastewater was the primary source of bioaerosols in the biochemical reaction tank. The non-carcinogenic risk associated with bioaerosols within deodorization covers was less than 1 (2.34 × 10-9 to 3.08 × 10-2). FunGuild fungal functional prediction suggested that the abundance of animal pathogens was highest in the bioaerosols from the anaerobic sedimentation tank. BugBase phenotypic prediction showed that the abundance of potential pathogens in secondary sedimentation tank bioaerosols was the highest. This study effectively revealed the characteristics and sources of bioaerosols in the sewage and sludge treatment area under the deodorization cover, which provided a theoretical basis for enhancing the management and control of bioaerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jiang Chang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Hao Peng
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Baocong Cui
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Jin Bai
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resource, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Linlin Hua
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|