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Vrchovecká S, Amirbekov A, Sázavská T, Arias CA, Jespersen EA, Černík M, Hrabák P. Chemical analysis of wetland plants to evaluate the bioaccumulation and metabolism of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171141. [PMID: 38387594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) belong to the banned pesticides with short-time production and use during the last century. However, the consequences of this short period are still present as persistent environmental contamination. This study represents the large lab-scale experiment focused on the HCH accumulation and metabolism in selected wetland plants (Juncus effuses, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis) and trees (Alnus glutinosa) after the exposure to the technical mix of HCH isomers (t-HCH) or δ-HCH at three different concentration. During the three-month exposure, morphological (biomass, height, relative chlorophyll content) and physiological (photosynthetic measurements - photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and dark transpiration) parameters were measured to assess the HCH effect on plant's growth. The results showed that all selected plant species supported HCH removal from the soil. The total removal efficiency was lower for the t-HCH than for δ-HCH exposure, and the best results were provided by Alnus glutinosa tree. Also, no isomer preference was observed in plants exposed to t-HCH. Most HCH remained accumulated in the root biomass, and mainly α-HCH and δ-HCH were transported to the above-ground parts due to their physicochemical properties. Simultaneously, HCH uptake and metabolization to chlorobenzenes (CB) and chlorophenols (CP) occur. Non-targeted analysis showed that CP could be conjugated to glucose and malonyl in plant tissue, and secondary plant metabolism is affected positively and negatively after exposure to t-HCH depending on plant species and chemical concentration. Luteolin, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside found common to all species showed quantitative changes due to HCH. Nevertheless, most morphological and physiological parameters were adversely affected without statistical significance. This large-scale study provides information on the fate of HCH in the soil-plant system, the suitability of selected plants and their adaptation to chemical stress for use in the phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Vrchovecká
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Aday Amirbekov
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Sázavská
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Alberto Arias
- Department of Biology - Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 1135, 227 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil Arboe Jespersen
- Department of Biology - Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 1135, 227 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrabák
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
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Yang L, Kang Y, Li N, Wang Y, Sun H, Ao T, Chen L, Chen W. Safe utilization evaluation of two typical traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Cd-contaminated soil based on the analysis of Cd transfer and AHP model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169741. [PMID: 38160833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing scarcity of wild resources, most traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs) in the market are produced via artificial cultivation. The widespread pollution of cadmium (Cd) in soil limits the safe cultivation and use of TCMMs. This study investigated Cd accumulation, distribution, and the medicinal component content under simulated field conditions to clarify the differences in the Cd absorption, transfer and detoxification mechanisms of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and Bletilla striata, and provide the preliminary safe utilization conditions of TCMMs based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the Cd content of P. cyrtonema Hua was lower than the safety threshold under a high soil Cd concentration of 0.91 mg/kg (Cd-L), while B. striata was safe only at a low Cd concentration of 0.25 mg/kg (CK). Cd at 0.91 mg/kg induced hormesis affecting the net increase in biomass and medicinal component content for both TCMMs, while P. cyrtonema Hua showed better potential for safe utilization. Additionally, P. cyrtonema Hua had stronger resistance to Cd stress, exhibiting superior characteristics for synergistic absorption of Cd with mineral elements, transfer to nonmedical part and safer fixation forms in subcellular components. In contrast, B. striata showed insufficient Cd tolerance, and Cd was easily accumulated in organelles to inhibit plant growth. Our findings may attract more attention to the safe cultivation of TCMMs and provide insight into guidance for the safe utilization of slightly Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tianqi Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610207, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Wan Y, Liu J, Zhuang Z, Wang Q, Li H. Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils: Sources, Influencing Factors, and Remediation Strategies. TOXICS 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38251018 PMCID: PMC10819638 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution is a global environmental challenge, posing significant threats to eco-environment, agricultural development, and human health. In recent years, advanced and effective remediation strategies for heavy metal-contaminated soils have developed rapidly, and a systematical summarization of this progress is important. In this review paper, first, the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils, including atmospheric deposition, animal manure, mineral fertilizers, and pesticides, are summarized. Second, the accumulation of heavy metals in crops as influenced by the plant characteristics and soil factors is analyzed. Then, the reducing strategies, including low-metal cultivar selection/breeding, physiological blocking, water management, and soil amendment are evaluated. Finally, the phytoremediation in terms of remediation efficiency and applicability is discussed. Therefore, this review provides helpful guidance for better selection and development of the control/remediation technologies for heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huafen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.)
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