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Zeng L, Xiao S, Dai Y, Chen T, Wang H, Yang P, Huang G, Yan M, You Y, Zheng X, Zhang S, Wu Y. Characterization of on-road nitrogen oxides and black carbon emissions from high emitters of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135225. [PMID: 39059297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) significantly contribute to atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOX) and black carbon (BC), with high emitters within the HDDV fleet impacting the total emissions. However, emission patterns and contributions of high emitters are rarely explored from a fleet-perspective. We investigated NOX and BC emission factors (EFs) from 1925 HDDVs in Shenzhen by the plume-chasing method, and found that the fleet-average EFs decreased with stricter emission standards. Unexpectedly, the average NOX EF for the China IV fleet was comparable with that for the China III fleet due to possible ineffective aftertreatment in high-emitter sectors of China IV HDDVs. Decreasing trend in average NOX EF since 2017 reflected the effective emission controls by the implementation of China V standard. Besides, semi-trailer tractors exhibited a higher incidence of NOX over-emissions, whereas BC high emitters were more pronounced in box trucks. Total NOX and BC emissions from HDDVs in Shenzhen were revisited, reaching 54.0 and 1.1 Gg·yr-1, with updated NOX EF correcting a 26.2 % underestimation in national guidelines. Notably, eliminating high emitters yields greater emission reduction benefits than merely retiring old HDDVs, with BC reduction outpacing NOX. This study provides new insights into the implementation of targeted emission reduction measures for HDDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Shupei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yifei Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guancong Huang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518022, PR China
| | - Min Yan
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518022, PR China
| | - Yan You
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Insititute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Regions of China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China.
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ye Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Sun X, Yuan J, Zhu Q, Sun Y, Chen H, Liao S, Yan J, Cai J, Wei Y, Luo L. Wood Fiber-Based Triboelectric Material with High Filtration Efficiency and Antibacterial Properties and Its Respiratory Monitoring in Mask. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33643-33651. [PMID: 39130594 PMCID: PMC11308075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable electronic products have rapidly advanced in the fields of sensing and health monitoring, presenting greater challenges for triboelectric materials. The limited surface polarity and structural defects in wood fibers restrict their potential as substitutes for petroleum-based materials. This study used bagasse fiber as the raw material and explored various methods, including functionalizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with polydopamine (PDA), in situ embedding of silver particles, filtration, and freeze-drying. These methods aimed to enhance the triboelectric output, antibacterial properties, and filtration properties of lignocellulosic materials. The Ag/PDA/CNF-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 211 V and a short-circuit current of 18.1 μA. An aerogel prepared by freeze-drying the Ag/PDA/CNF material, combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber structure fabricated by electrospinning, constitutes the TENG unit. A self-powered respiratory detection mask was created using this combination, achieving a filtration efficiency of 94.23% for 0.3 μm particles and an antibacterial rate exceeding 99%. In addition, it effectively responded to respiratory frequency signals of slow breathing, normal breathing, and shortness of breath, with the output electrical signal correlating with the respiratory frequency. This study considerably contributes to advancing wood fiber-based triboelectric materials as alternatives to petroleum-derived materials in self-powered wearable electronic products for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiuxiao Zhu
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanfen Sun
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Haoqiu Chen
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangli Liao
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaxuan Yan
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiecheng Cai
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuhe Wei
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lianxin Luo
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control,
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Industrial
and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Liu W, Gao Y, You Y, Jiang C, Hua T, Xia B. Adaptive time-step unscented kalman filtering (ATS-UKF) based observer design for urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance of diesel engines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133712. [PMID: 38377917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the number of sensors in the SCR catalyst, state feedback and fault diagnosis information are provided. Firstly, a model based on the coupling of flow, heat transfer, and gas-solid phase catalytic reaction in the SCR system is investigated in this paper. The parabolic partial differential equations are simplified by the variable substitution method and the method of lines approach (MOL). The simplified system of equations is solved by backward differentiation formulas (BDF) with adaptive adjustment time step strategy. Meanwhile, the chemical reaction parameters are accurately calibrated per second using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Secondly, the ATS-UKF is designed in this paper, and to ensure the synchronisation between the ATS-UKF and the SCR model calculations, the time step of solving the BDF by the SCR model is taken as the time step of propagating the sigma points. Two observation scenarios are assumed: (1) no downstream NH3 concentration sensor, ammonia coverage and downstream NH3 concentration are observed by ATS-UKF; (2) no downstream NOx sensor, ammonia coverage and downstream NOx concentration are observed by ATS-UKF. Finally, the paper carries out bench tests. In the first case, the ammonia coverage obtained by the ATS-UKF reached 0.99 with respect to the model-calculated value R². The mean absolute error (MAE) between the observed and experimental values of the ATS-UKF for the downstream NH3 concentration was 2.76 ppm. In the second case, the ammonia coverage obtained by the ATS-UKF reached 0.99 with respect to the model-calculated value R², and the MAE between the observed and experimental values of the ATS-UKF for the downstream NOx concentration was 1.53 ppm. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The Adaptive Time-Step Unscented Kalman Filtering (ATS-UKF) enhances urea Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in diesel engines, improving environmental outcomes. This method minimizes sensor dependence, enabling more precise SCR system management and effective emission reduction. By advancing emission control technologies, ATS-UKF contributes to global air pollution mitigation efforts, supporting cleaner air and environmental sustainability. Its innovative approach in monitoring and predicting SCR performance marks a significant step towards eco-friendly diesel engine operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Yuelin You
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Changwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Taoyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Bocong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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