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Roy AM, Iyer R, Chakraborty S. The extracellular matrix in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerability. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101170. [PMID: 37652015 PMCID: PMC10518608 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is influenced by a "disorganized" extracellular matrix (ECM) that sensitizes cancer cells toward mechanical stress, signaling, and structural alterations. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lack of knowledge about key ECM proteins driving the TME refractory to targeted therapies poses a barrier to the identification of new therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the contributions of various ECM components that impact hepatocytes and their surrounding support network during tumorigenesis. In addition, the underpinnings by which ECM proteins transduce mechanical signals to the liver TME are detailed. Finally, in view of the bidirectional feedback between the ECM, transformed hepatocytes, and immune cells, we highlight the potential role of the ECM disorganization process in shaping responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Our comprehensive characterization of these ECM components may provide a roadmap for innovative therapeutic approaches to restrain HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Program of Developmental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263.
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2
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Altinbas A, Holmes JA, Salloum S, Lidofsky A, Alatrakchi N, Somsouk M, Hunt P, Deeks S, Chew KW, Lauer G, Kruger A, Lin W, Chung RT. LOXL-2 and TNC-C are markers of liver fibrogenesis in HCV/HIV-, HIV- and HCV-infected patients. Biomark Med 2022; 16:839-846. [PMID: 35786977 PMCID: PMC9437769 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysil oxidase like enzyme-2 (LOXL-2) and TNC-C play important roles in organ fibrosis. We assessed circulating LOXL-2 and TNC-C levels and their relationship to fibrosis severity in HIV- and/or HCV-infected individuals. Methods: Healthy controls (n = 22), HIV mono- (n = 15), HCV mono- (n = 52) and HCV/HIV-co-infected (n = 92) subjects were included. Results: LOXL-2 and TNC-C levels were significantly higher in HCV mono- and HCV/HIV-co-infected individuals with F0 compared to healthy controls. In addition, in HCV/HIV-co-infected individuals, LOXL-2 levels were higher in intermediate fibrosis compared to no/mild fibrosis. Conclusion: In HCV/HIV-co-infected study participants, both LOXL-2 and TNC-C were significantly higher in intermediate fibrosis compared to no/mild fibrosis, but did not further increase with advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, both markers were elevated among HCV/HIV-positive individuals with mild/no fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Altinbas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacinta A Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadi Salloum
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Lidofsky
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nadia Alatrakchi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steven Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Georg Lauer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annie Kruger
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Ferdek PE, Krzysztofik D, Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakubowska MA. When healing turns into killing ‐ the pathophysiology of pancreatic and hepatic fibrosis. J Physiol 2022; 600:2579-2612. [DOI: 10.1113/jp281135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel E. Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Daria Krzysztofik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
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Reungoat E, Grigorov B, Zoulim F, Pécheur EI. Molecular Crosstalk between the Hepatitis C Virus and the Extracellular Matrix in Liver Fibrogenesis and Early Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092270. [PMID: 34065048 PMCID: PMC8125929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the era of direct-acting antivirals against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), curing chronic hepatitis C has become a reality. However, while replicating chronically, HCV creates a peculiar state of inflammation and oxidative stress in the infected liver, which fuels DNA damage at the onset of HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This cancer, the second leading cause of death by cancer, remains of bad prognosis when diagnosed. This review aims to decipher how HCV durably alters elements of the extracellular matrix that compose the liver microenvironment, directly through its viral proteins or indirectly through the induction of cytokine secretion, thereby leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, HCC. Abstract Chronic infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases, predisposing to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is characterized by an overly abundant accumulation of components of the hepatic extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin, with consequences on the properties of this microenvironment and cancer initiation and growth. This review will provide an update on mechanistic concepts of HCV-related liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and early stages of carcinogenesis, with a dissection of the molecular details of the crosstalk during disease progression between hepatocytes, the extracellular matrix, and hepatic stellate cells.
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Khurana A, Sayed N, Allawadhi P, Weiskirchen R. It's all about the spaces between cells: role of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 33987426 PMCID: PMC8106070 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the leading complications of a variety of chronic liver disorders, including the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver failure. The progression of liver fibrosis is driven by chronic inflammation, which activates the secretory fibroblasts to the myofibroblast phenotype. These specialized liver cells are called as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion creates a large number of complications. Fibrosis is the result of imbalance between the matrix synthesizing and matrix degrading factors. The major ECM proteins include the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), lysyl oxidases (LOX), lysyl oxidase-like (LOXLs) enzymes, tenascins and others. These ECM proteins present novel avenues for the therapeutics of liver fibrosis. The current review highlights the major role played by these critical matrix proteins in liver fibrosis. Further, some of the targeted formulations used against these proteins are discussed and suggestions are provided to select the course of research for successful clinical translation of basic research findings for the amelioration of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khurana
- Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.,Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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McQuitty CE, Williams R, Chokshi S, Urbani L. Immunomodulatory Role of the Extracellular Matrix Within the Liver Disease Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574276. [PMID: 33262757 PMCID: PMC7686550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease when accompanied by underlying fibrosis, is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and chronic inflammation. Although traditionally considered as a passive and largely architectural structure, the ECM is now being recognized as a source of potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)s with immune-active peptides and domains. In parallel, the ECM anchors a range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, all of which are capable of modulating immune responses. A growing body of evidence shows that ECM proteins themselves are capable of modulating immunity either directly via ligation with immune cell receptors including integrins and TLRs, or indirectly through release of immunoactive molecules such as cytokines which are stored within the ECM structure. Notably, ECM deposition and remodeling during injury and fibrosis can result in release or formation of ECM-DAMPs within the tissue, which can promote local inflammatory immune response and chemotactic immune cell recruitment and inflammation. It is well described that the ECM and immune response are interlinked and mutually participate in driving fibrosis, although their precise interactions in the context of chronic liver disease are poorly understood. This review aims to describe the known pro-/anti-inflammatory and fibrogenic properties of ECM proteins and DAMPs, with particular reference to the immunomodulatory properties of the ECM in the context of chronic liver disease. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel biotechnological platforms based on decellularized ECM-scaffolds, which provide opportunities to directly explore liver ECM-immune cell interactions in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. McQuitty
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Katoh D, Kozuka Y, Noro A, Ogawa T, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C Induces Phenotypic Changes in Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts with High Contractility through the Integrin αvβ1/Transforming Growth Factor β/SMAD Signaling Axis in Human Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2123-2135. [PMID: 32650003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is strongly expressed by fibroblasts and cancer cells in breast cancer. To assess the effects of TNC on stromal formation, we examined phenotypic changes in human mammary fibroblasts treated with TNC. The addition of TNC significantly up-regulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin. TNC increased the number of α-SMA- and/or calponin-positive cells with well-developed stress fibers in immunofluorescence, which enhanced contractile ability in collagen gel contraction. The treatment with TNC also significantly up-regulated its own synthesis. Double immunofluorescence of human breast cancer tissues showed α-SMA- and/or calponin-positive myofibroblasts in the TNC-deposited stroma. Among several receptors for TNC, the protein levels of the αv and β1 integrin subunits were significantly increased after the treatment. Immunofluorescence showed the augmented colocalization of αv and β1 at focal adhesions. Immunoprecipitation using an anti-αv antibody revealed a significant increase in coprecipitated β1 with TNC in lysates. The knockdown of αv and β1 suppressed the up-regulation of α-SMA and calponin. The addition of TNC induced the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, whereas SB-505124 and SIS3 blocked myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, TNC enhances its own synthesis by forming a positive feedback loop and increases integrin αvβ1 heterodimer levels to activate transforming growth factor-β signaling, which is followed by a change to highly contractile myofibroblasts. TNC may essentially contribute to the stiffer stromal formation characteristic of breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Katoh
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Kozuka
- Department of Pathologic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Aya Noro
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
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8
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Benbow JH, Elam AD, Bossi KL, Massengill DL, Brandon-Warner E, Anderson WE, Culberson CR, Russo MW, deLemos AS, Schrum LW. Analysis of Plasma Tenascin-C in Post-HCV Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:653-664. [PMID: 29330728 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis, one of the most common etiologies of liver cirrhosis in the Western world, is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. To confirm and improve current effectiveness of screening and prognosis of patients with established cirrhosis, a credible, simple plasma biomarker is needed. Hepatic stellate cell activation, a pivotal event in cirrhosis development, results in increased secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, including tenascin-C (TnC). Herein, we tested TnC as a simple biomarker to identify cirrhotic patients with active HCV infection from those with HCV eradication. METHODS A prospective study of subjects with HCV-related cirrhosis, stratified into two groups, HCV or virologic cure, was conducted. Plasma TnC expression was measured by ELISA and Western blots. TnC values were correlated with markers of liver injury and ROC analyses performed between groups. RESULTS The HCV cirrhotic cohort, consisting mostly of men (56%), Caucasians (76%), and genotype 1a or 1b (84%), was compared to healthy controls (HCs). Plasma TnC was significantly higher in HCV cirrhotic patients with active infection compared to HCs (P < 0.0001) and virologic cure (P < 0.0001). TnC concentrations in virologic cure subjects were not statistically different from HCs. TnC levels correlated with AST, platelets, MELD, APRI, FIB-4, and Child-Pugh score. TnC and AST together were significantly better indicators of cirrhosis in patients with active HCV infection than other markers tested. CONCLUSIONS TnC and AST provided the best model for discriminating HCV cirrhotics with active infection from HC and virologic cure cohorts over current liver injury markers, suggesting TnC as a potential indicator of ongoing hepatic injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Benbow
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - April D Elam
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.,Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Krista L Bossi
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Danae L Massengill
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.,Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brandon-Warner
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - William E Anderson
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Catherine R Culberson
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Mark W Russo
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Andrew S deLemos
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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Sitanggang EJ, Antarianto RD, Jusman SWA, Pawitan JA, Jusuf AA. Bone Marrow Stem Cells Anti-liver Fibrosis Potency: Inhibition of Hepatic Stellate Cells Activity and Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:69-75. [PMID: 28531915 PMCID: PMC5488778 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) has been reported inhibits liver fibrosis. Several in vitro studies by co-culturing BMSCs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) indirectly or directly in 2D models showed inhibition of HSC as the key player in liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated direct effect of BMSCs on HSCs by co-culturing BMSCs and HSCs in 3D model as it represents the liver microenvironment with intricate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Primary isolated rat HSCs and BMSCs were directly co-cultured at 1:1 ratio with hanging drop method. The monoculture of rat HSCs served as positive control. Mono-culture and co-culture samples were harvested on day 3, 5 and 7 for histological analysis. The samples were analyzed for extracellular matrix deposition by Masson’s Trichrome staining, tenascin-C immunocytochemistry, resting HSC’s state as shown by positive Oil Red O stained cells. Our results indicated CD90+CD34− BMSCs anti-liver fibrosis potency as evidenced by higher proportion of Oil Red O-positive cells in the co-culture group compared to the monoculture group and the significant decrease in extracellular matrix deposition as well as the decrease in tenascin-C expression in the co-culture group (p<0.05) compared to the monoculture group. These findings demonstrate that BMSCs have a potential therapeutic effect against liver fibrotic process through their capacity to inhibit HSCs activation and their effect in minimizing extracellular matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sri Widia A Jusman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
| | | | - Ahmad Aulia Jusuf
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
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Kobayashi Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y, Nakama T, Ishikawa K, Kubo Y, Arima M, Nakao S, Hisatomi T, Ikeda Y, Matsuda A, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. Tenascin-C secreted by transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelial cells promotes choroidal neovascularization via integrin αV. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1178-1188. [PMID: 27668890 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C is expressed in choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, its role in the pathogenesis of CNV remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated the role of tenascin-C in CNV formation. In immunofluorescence analyses, tenascin-C co-stained with α-SMA, pan-cytokeratin, CD31, CD34, and integrin αV in the CNV membranes of patients with AMD and a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. A marked increase in the expression of tenascin-C mRNA and protein was observed 3 days after laser photocoagulation in the mouse CNV model. Tenascin-C was also shown to promote proliferation and inhibit adhesion of human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in vitro. Moreover, tenascin-C promoted proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tube formation in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs); these functions were, however, blocked by cilengitide, an integrin αV inhibitor. Exposure to TGF-β2 increased tenascin-C expression in hRPE cells. Conditioned media harvested from TGF-β2-treated hRPE cell cultures enhanced HMVEC proliferation and tube formation, which were inhibited by pretreatment with tenascin-C siRNA. The CNV volume was significantly reduced in tenascin-C knockout mice and tenascin-C siRNA-injected mice. These findings suggest that tenascin-C is secreted by transdifferentiated RPE cells and promotes the development of CNV via integrin αV in a paracrine manner. Therefore, tenascin-C could be a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of CNV development associated with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ma JC, Huang X, Shen YW, Zheng C, Su QH, Xu JK, Zhao J. Tenascin-C promotes migration of hepatic stellate cells and production of type I collagen. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1470-7. [PMID: 27031437 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1165600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein markedly upregulated during liver fibrosis. The study is performed to explore the role of TN-C during the growth and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We found that TN-C was accumulated accompanying with the HSC activation. Our data on cell migration assay revealed that the rTN-C treatment enhanced HSC migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but did not influence their proliferation. HSCs transfected with pTARGET-TN-C overexpression vector displayed increased the type I collagen (Col I) production. TN-C overexpression enhanced the process of HSC activation through TGF-β1 signaling. Moreover, the anti-α9β1 integrin antibody treatment blocked the TN-C-driven Col I increase in rat HSCs. Collectively, TN-C had a positive role in activation of HSCs mediated by TGF-β1 and α9β1 integrin, manifesting elevation of Col I production and promotion of cell migration. Our results provide a potential insight for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Cang Ma
- a Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xin Huang
- b Department of General Surgery , Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Ya-Wei Shen
- b Department of General Surgery , Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chen Zheng
- b Department of General Surgery , Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qing-Hua Su
- a Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jin-Kai Xu
- a Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Zhao
- a Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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12
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El Taghdouini A, Sørensen AL, Reiner AH, Coll M, Verhulst S, Mannaerts I, Øie CI, Smedsrød B, Najimi M, Sokal E, Luttun A, Sancho-Bru P, Collas P, van Grunsven LA. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in purified, uncultured human liver cells and activated hepatic stellate cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26729-45. [PMID: 26353929 PMCID: PMC4694948 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrogenesis - scarring of the liver that can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer - is characterized by hepatocyte impairment, capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. To date, the molecular determinants of a healthy human liver cell phenotype remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we assess the transcriptome and the genome-wide promoter methylome specific for purified, non-cultured human hepatocytes, LSECs and HSCs, and investigate the nature of epigenetic changes accompanying transcriptional changes associated with activation of HSCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene expression profile and promoter methylome of purified, uncultured human liver cells and culture-activated HSCs were respectively determined using Affymetrix HG-U219 genechips and by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation coupled to promoter array hybridization. Histone modification patterns were assessed at the single-gene level by chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR. RESULTS We unveil a DNA-methylation-based epigenetic relationship between hepatocytes, LSECs and HSCs despite their distinct ontogeny. We show that liver cell type-specific DNA methylation targets early developmental and differentiation-associated functions. Integrative analysis of promoter methylome and transcriptome reveals partial concordance between DNA methylation and transcriptional changes associated with human HSC activation. Further, we identify concordant histone methylation and acetylation changes in the promoter and putative novel enhancer elements of genes involved in liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first epigenetic blueprint of three distinct freshly isolated, human hepatic cell types and of epigenetic changes elicited upon HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Taghdouini
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita L. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew H. Reiner
- Department of Molecular medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mar Coll
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristina I. Øie
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aernout Luttun
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
There had been remarkable development in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and evolution in treatment strategies in last 15 years. Currently, there are five NAs available for chronic hepatitis B treatment, namely lamivudine, telbivudine and entecavir (nucleoside analogues), adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (nucleotide analogues). The advantages of relatively infrequent side effects and easy administration per oral make NAs popular treatment options. The major drawback of earlier generation NAs is the risk of emergence of drug resistance. Current international guidelines recommend the use of more potent agents with high genetic barriers to resistance including entecavir and tenofovir as first line chronic hepatitis B treatment. However, there is no consensus regarding the subsequent treatment regimens in patients with suboptimal responses to NAs. De novo combination therapy of two NAs, response-guided therapy and roadmap concept in NAs with subsequent switch or add-on therapy can also potentially improve treatment efficacy and avoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Oi-Shan Lo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Systems genetics of liver fibrosis: identification of fibrogenic and expression quantitative trait loci in the BXD murine reference population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89279. [PMID: 24586654 PMCID: PMC3938463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of liver fibrosis in response to chronic injury varies considerably among individual patients. The underlying genetics is highly complex due to large numbers of potential genes, environmental factors and cell types involved. Here, we provide the first toxicogenomic analysis of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in the murine ‘genetic reference panel’ of recombinant inbred BXD lines. Our aim was to define the core of risk genes and gene interaction networks that control fibrosis progression. Liver fibrosis phenotypes and gene expression profiles were determined in 35 BXD lines. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified seven genomic loci influencing fibrosis phenotypes (pQTLs) with genome-wide significance on chromosomes 4, 5, 7, 12, and 17. Stepwise refinement was based on expression QTL mapping with stringent selection criteria, reducing the number of 1,351 candidate genes located in the pQTLs to a final list of 11 cis-regulated genes. Our findings demonstrate that the BXD reference population represents a powerful experimental resource for shortlisting the genes within a regulatory network that determine the liver's vulnerability to chronic injury.
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15
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Deng N, Sanchez CG, Lasky JA, Zhu D. Detecting splicing variants in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from non-differentially expressed genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68352. [PMID: 23844188 PMCID: PMC3699530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease of unknown cause that lacks a proven therapy for altering its high mortality rate. Microarrays have been employed to investigate the pathogenesis of IPF, but are presented mostly at the gene-expression level due to technologic limitations. In as much as, alternative RNA splicing isoforms are increasingly identified as potential regulators of human diseases, including IPF, we propose a new approach with the capacity to detect splicing variants using RNA-seq data. We conducted a joint analysis of differential expression and differential splicing on annotated human genes and isoforms, and identified 122 non-differentially expressed genes with a high degree of "switch" between major and minor isoforms. Three cases with variant mechanisms for alternative splicing were validated using qRT-PCR, among the group of genes in which expression was not significantly changed at the gene level. We also identified 35 novel transcripts that were unique to the fibrotic lungs using exon-exon junction evidence, and selected a representative for qRT-PCR validation. The results of our study are likely to provide new insight into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and may eventuate in new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cecilia G. Sanchez
- Tulane Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Lasky
- Tulane Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); (JAL)
| | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); (JAL)
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Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Rotellar F, Valentí V, Silva C, Gil MJ, Salvador J, Frühbeck G. Increased tenascin C and Toll-like receptor 4 levels in visceral adipose tissue as a link between inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1880-9. [PMID: 22851489 PMCID: PMC3462948 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with an altered inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) profile. Tenascin C (TNC) is an ECM glycoprotein with proinflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the expression levels of TNC in adipose tissue analyzing the contribution of adipocytes and stromovascular fraction cells (SVFC) as well as its impact on inflammation and ECM regulation. We also analyzed the effect of the stimulation with TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on both SVFC and adipocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples obtained from 75 subjects were used in the study. Expression levels of TNC, TLR4, MMP2, and MMP9 were analyzed in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as well as in both adipocytes and SVFC. In addition, Tnc expression was measured in two mice models of obesity. RESULTS We show, for the first time, that VAT expression levels of TNC are increased in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese patients (P<0.01) as well as in obese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (P<0.01). Furthermore, expression levels of Tnc in epididymal adipose tissue from two different mice models of obesity were significantly increased (P<0.01). TNC and TLR4 were mainly expressed by SVFC, and its expression was significantly enhanced (P<0.01) by TNF-α treatment. LPS treatment also increased mRNA levels of TNC. Moreover, the addition of exogenous TNC induced (P<0.05) TLR4 and CCL2 mRNA expression in human adipocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that TNC is involved in the etiopathology of obesity via visceral adipose tissue inflammation representing a link with ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenuda Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Kuriyama N, Duarte S, Hamada T, Busuttil RW, Coito AJ. Tenascin-C: a novel mediator of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hepatology 2011; 54:2125-36. [PMID: 21898491 PMCID: PMC3230719 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury remains a major challenge in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Tenascin-C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) involved in various aspects of immunity and tissue injury. Using a Tnc-deficient mouse model, we present data that suggest an active role for Tnc in liver IRI. We show that Tnc-deficient mice have a reduction in liver damage and a significant improvement in liver regeneration after IRI. The inability of Tnc(-/-) mice to express Tnc significantly reduced the levels of active caspase-3/transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) apoptotic markers and enhanced the expression of the proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) after liver IRI. The lack of Tnc expression resulted in impaired leukocyte recruitment and decreased expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL2 after liver reperfusion. Tnc-deficient livers were characterized by altered expression patterns of vascular adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 post-IRI. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) synthesis, which facilitates leukocyte transmigration across vascular barriers in liver IRI, was markedly down-regulated in the absence of Tnc. We also show that Tnc is capable of inducing MMP-9 expression in isolated neutrophils through Toll-like receptor 4. Therefore, our data suggest that Tnc is a relevant mediator of the pathogenic events underlying liver IRI. The data also support the view that studies aimed at further understanding how newly synthesized ECM molecules, such as Tnc, participate in inflammatory responses are needed to improve therapeutic approaches in liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Kuriyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takashi Hamada
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana J. Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Address correspondence to: Dr. Ana J. Coito, The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, 77-120 CHS, Box: 957054, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7054.
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18
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Zhang QQ, An X, Liu YH, Li SY, Zhong Q, Wang J, Hu HD, Zhang DZ, Ren H, Hu P. Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term complications: a meta-analysis. Virol J 2011; 8:72. [PMID: 21324130 PMCID: PMC3046930 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on reducing the risk of long-term complications (LTCs) remains unclear so far. To study whether long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy can reduce the risk of long-term complications. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Relative risks (RRs) of long-term complications with or without treatment were studied. Also subgroup analyses including the status of drug-resistance, HBeAg and pre-existing compensated cirrhosis were done using relative risks of long-term complications either with or without treatment or among nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment groups. Results Six eligible studies (3644 patients in all) were included. Data showed the incidence of long-term complications in treatment groups was induced by 74%(RR:0.26, 95% CI: 0.15-0.47) compared with no treatment. Whether drug-resistant happened or not during the long-term therapy, the incidence of long-term complications was still significantly induced respectively by 45%(RR: 0.55,95%CI:0.40-0.76) and 78% (RR:0.22, 95%CI: 0.13-0.36). For both different status of HBeAg and pre-existing compensated cirrhosis, there was significant lower incidence of long-term complications in treatment groups compared with no treatment, too. Moreover, among the NA treatment groups, patients with drug-resistance had 2.64 times (RR:2.64, 95%CI: 1.58-4.41) higher chance of developing to long-term complications, and patients with pre-existing compensated cirrhosis also had 3.07 times (RR:3.07, 95%CI: 1.04-9.11) higher chance of developing to long-term complications. Conclusions Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for adults with CHB prevents or delays the development of long-term complications including decompensated cirrhosis, CHB-related death or CHB-related HCC in patients with CHB. The patients who need take antiviral drugs should receive the antiviral therapy as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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19
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Kim BK, Han KH, Ahn SH. Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Oncology 2011; 81 Suppl 1:41-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000333258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Latasa MU, Gil-Puig C, Fernández-Barrena MG, Rodríguez-Ortigosa CM, Banales JM, Urtasun R, Goñi S, Méndez M, Arcelus S, Juanarena N, Recio JA, Lotersztajn S, Prieto J, Berasain C, Corrales FJ, Lecanda J, Ávila MA. Oral methylthioadenosine administration attenuates fibrosis and chronic liver disease progression in Mdr2-/- mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15690. [PMID: 21209952 PMCID: PMC3012093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and fibrogenesis are directly related to chronic liver disease progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Currently there are few therapeutic options available to inhibit liver fibrosis. We have evaluated the hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic potential of orally-administered 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) in Mdr2(-/-) mice, a clinically relevant model of sclerosing cholangitis and spontaneous biliary fibrosis, followed at later stages by HCC development. METHODOLOGY MTA was administered daily by gavage to wild type and Mdr2(-/-) mice for three weeks. MTA anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects and potential mechanisms of action were examined in the liver of Mdr2(-/-) mice with ongoing fibrogenesis and in cultured liver fibrogenic cells (myofibroblasts). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MTA treatment reduced hepatomegaly and liver injury. α-Smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity and collagen deposition were also significantly decreased. Inflammatory infiltrate, the expression of the cytokines IL6 and Mcp-1, pro-fibrogenic factors like TGFβ2 and tenascin-C, as well as pro-fibrogenic intracellular signalling pathways were reduced by MTA in vivo. MTA inhibited the activation and proliferation of isolated myofibroblasts and down-regulated cyclin D1 gene expression at the transcriptional level. The expression of JunD, a key transcription factor in liver fibrogenesis, was also reduced by MTA in activated myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Oral MTA administration was well tolerated and proved its efficacy in reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis. MTA may have multiple molecular and cellular targets. These include the inhibition of inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines, as well as the attenuation of myofibroblast activation and proliferation. Downregulation of JunD and cyclin D1 expression in myofibroblasts may be important regarding the mechanism of action of MTA. This compound could be a good candidate to be tested for the treatment of (biliary) liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ujue Latasa
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil-Puig
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Digna Biotech, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Rodríguez-Ortigosa
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Banales
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Urtasun
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Goñi
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Méndez
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Arcelus
- CIBERehd, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Juanarena
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan A. Recio
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Institute of Oncology and Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Inserm, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S955, Créteil, France
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Corrales
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Lecanda
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Digna Biotech, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Ávila
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Perrillo RP, Marcellin P. Effect of newer oral antiviral agents on future therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:13-22. [PMID: 20167987 DOI: 10.3851/imp1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term therapy with oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) is a favoured approach to the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, all oral agents currently approved for the treatment of such patients are associated with some risk for drug resistance. This can lead to a rebound in HBV levels and, eventually, progressive liver disease. Combination therapy is one strategy that has the potential for enhanced antiviral effects and diminished or delayed resistance. The disadvantages of combination therapy include increased cost, the potential for drug interactions and increased toxicity. Additional therapeutic efficacy from combination therapy has not been demonstrated in clinical trials of HBV, and this approach might be less relevant now that potent NAs with excellent drug resistance profiles are available. However, it might be possible to identify subsets of patients (for example, those with extremely high viraemia or low baseline alanine aminotransferase levels) who derive added benefit from combination therapy. This review examines efficacy and resistance data for new low resistance oral NAs and clinical experience to date with de novo combination therapy in patients with CHB. The application of combination therapy in select populations of patients with CHB is also discussed.
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Wang YC, Zheng LH, Ma BA, Zhou Y, Fan QY. Generation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies Against FNIII Domain D of Human Tenascin-C. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 29:13-6. [PMID: 20199146 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lian-He Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-An Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing-Yu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Ju MJ, Qiu SJ, Fan J, Xiao YS, Gao Q, Zhou J, Li YW, Tang ZY. Peritumoral activated hepatic stellate cells predict poor clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131:498-510. [PMID: 19289585 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp86ppbngohnnl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory components of the liver remnant after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection are of prognostic importance. We evaluated prognostic potential of peritumoral activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in 130 HCC cases. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the functional genes in HSCs (ie, seprase, osteonectin, and tenascin-C), quantitated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the density of peritumoral Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD68+ macrophages (MPhi), assessed immunohistochemically in tissue microarray sections, were positively correlated with the density of peritumoral activated HSCs. The density (P= .007 for recurrence-free survival [RFS] and P=.021 for overall survival [OS]) and functional genes (seprase, P= .001 for RFS; osteonectin, P= .007 for RFS and P=.021 for OS) of peritumoral activated HSCs independently contributed to high recurrence or death rates, as did peritumoral Tregs or MPhi. Moreover, peritumoral HSCs were related to more early recurrences. It is important to note that the density of peritumoral activated HSCs, in combination with seprase and osteonectin mRNA or density of Tregs and MPhi, might predict prognoses more effectively.
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Degen M, Brellier F, Schenk S, Driscoll R, Zaman K, Stupp R, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Rüegg C, Seelentag W. Tenascin-W, a new marker of cancer stroma, is elevated in sera of colon and breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2454-61. [PMID: 18306355 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tenascins are extracellular matrix proteins present during the development of organisms as well as in pathological conditions. Tenascin-W, the fourth and last member of the tenascin family remains the least well-characterized one. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential significance of tenascin-W as cancer biomarker by monitoring its presence in the serum of colorectal and breast cancer patients and its expression in colorectal tumor tissues. To measure serum tenascin-W levels, a sensitive sandwich-ELISA was established. Mean tenascin-W concentration in sera of patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer at time of diagnosis was highly increased compared to that of healthy volunteers. A similar tendency was observed for tenascin-C in the same patient cohort. However, the increase was much more striking for tenascin-W. We also detected elevated tenascin-W levels in sera of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we could show a prominent expression of tenascin-W in extracts from colorectal tumor tissues by immunoblot analysis, whereas tenascin-W was not detectable in the corresponding normal colon mucosa. To confirm the western blot results, we performed immunohistochemistry of frozen sections of the same patients as well as of an additional, independently chosen collection of colorectal cancer tissues. In all cases, similarly to tenascin-C, tenascin-W was detected in the tumor stroma. Our results reveal a clear association between elevated levels of tenascin-W and the presence of cancer. These results warrant further studies to evaluate the potential value of serum and tissue tenascin-W levels as diagnostic, prognostic or monitoring biomarker in colorectal, breast and possibly other solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Degen
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Nucleoside analogues revolutionized the treatment of chronic HBV infection and have become the most important therapeutic option within the last decade. Currently, the nucleoside analogues lamivudine, telbivudine and entecavir, and the nucleotide analogue adefovir dipivoxil, are licensed. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is another acyclic nucleotide analogue that has been successfully used in the treatment of HIV-infected patients, but has demonstrated significant antiviral activity in wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV infections. The use of TDF 300 mg/day leads to marked suppression of HBV replication below the detection limit in different patients groups with HBV mono- or HIV/HBV co-infection in most instances, and a remarkably high rate of hepatitis B e antigen loss and even hepatitis B surface antigen loss was found in small, uncontrolled studies. Belonging to the substance class of acyclic nucleotide analogues, TDF is not cross-resistant to nucleoside analogue resistance-associated mutations. In equal dosages, TDF has comparable antiviral potency as compared with its congender adefovir dipivoxil, but in clinical studies exhibits higher antiviral efficacy and generates a higher genetic barrier against the development of genotypic HBV resistance due to its approximately 24-fold higher dosage. Owing to the numerous newly developed compounds and as a consequence of the emerging problem of drug resistance, treatment concepts for chronic hepatitis B will certainly be modified in the future. Because of its quite favorable antiviral and safety properties, TDF will likely be highly regarded in the management of HBV infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian van Bömmel
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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