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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Sadoul K, Fontana P, Morel P, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH. Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Physiology and Disease. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:855-866. [PMID: 31304449 PMCID: PMC6601322 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in hemostasis, platelets are proposed as key mediators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver, such as liver regeneration, toxic or viral acute liver injury, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. The effects of platelets on the liver involve interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and the release of platelet‐contained molecules following platelet activation. Platelets are the major source of circulating extracellular vesicles, which are suggested to play key roles in platelet interactions with endothelial cells in several clinical disorders. In the present review, we discuss the implications of platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karin Sadoul
- Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cytoskeleton, Institute for Advanced Biosciences Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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3
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Eyraud D, Suner L, Dupont A, Bachelot-Loza C, Smadja DM, Helley D, Bertil S, Gostian O, Szymezak J, Loncar Y, Puybasset L, Lebray P, Vezinet C, Vaillant JC, Granger B, Gaussem P. Evolution of platelet functions in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation: A prospective exploration over a month. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200364. [PMID: 30071043 PMCID: PMC6072007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective observational study was designed to analyze platelet functions across time in 50 patients scheduled for liver transplantation (LT) secondary to decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Platelet functions were assessed before LT (pre-LT), one week (D7) and 1 month (D28) after LT. Platelet count significantly increased from pre-LT time to day 28 as well as circulating CD34+hematopoietic stem cells. To avoid any influence of platelet count on assays, platelet function was evaluated on platelet-rich-plasma adjusted to pre-LT platelet count. Although platelet secretion potential did not differ between time-points, as evaluated by the expression of CD62P upon strong activation, platelet aggregation in response to various agonists significantly increased along time, however with no concomitant increase of circulating markers of platelet activation: platelet microvesicles, platelet-leukocyte complexes, soluble CD40L and soluble CD62P. In the multivariate analysis, hepatic function was associated with platelet count and function. A lower platelet aggregation recovery was correlated with Child C score. History of thrombosis or bleeding was associated with respective higher or lower values of platelet aggregation. This longitudinal analysis of platelet functions in LT patients showed an improvement of platelet functions along time together with platelet count increase, with no evidence of platelet hyperactivation at any time-point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eyraud
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Digestive, HPB Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Suner
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
| | - Axelle Dupont
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of statistics, Clinical Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David M. Smadja
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Helley
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-S970, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Bertil
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
| | - Ovidiu Gostian
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean Szymezak
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
| | - Yann Loncar
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Louis Puybasset
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Lebray
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Hepatology Department, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vezinet
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Digestive, HPB Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Granger
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of statistics, Clinical Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- AP-HP, European University Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Intagliata NM, Argo CK, Stine JG, Lisman T, Caldwell SH, Violi F. Concepts and Controversies in Haemostasis and Thrombosis Associated with Liver Disease: Proceedings of the 7th International Coagulation in Liver Disease Conference. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:1491-1506. [PMID: 30060258 PMCID: PMC6202935 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1666861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Intagliata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - C. K. Argo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - J. G. Stine
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - T. Lisman
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S. H. Caldwell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - F. Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Martín-González C, Pérez-Hernández O, Romero-Acevedo L, Santolaria-Fernández F. Thrombin activation and liver inflammation in advanced hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4427-4437. [PMID: 27182154 PMCID: PMC4858626 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased thrombotic risk. Several mechanisms are involved including direct endothelial damage by the HCV virus, with activation of tissue factor, altered fibrinolysis and increased platelet aggregation and activation. In advanced stages, chronic HCV infection may evolve to liver cirrhosis, a condition in which alterations in the portal microcirculation may also ultimately lead to thrombin activation, platelet aggregation, and clot formation. Therefore in advanced HCV liver disease there is an increased prevalence of thrombotic phenomena in portal vein radicles. Increased thrombin formation may activate hepatic stellate cells and promote liver fibrosis. In addition, ischemic changes derived from vascular occlusion by microthrombi favor the so called parenchymal extinction, a process that promotes collapse of hepatocytes and the formation of gross fibrous tracts. These reasons may explain why advanced HCV infection may evolve more rapidly to end-stage liver disease than other forms of cirrhosis.
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