1
|
Sánchez-Martínez J, Calmet K, Martínez Moreno J, Gilabert XR. Virtual reconstruction of stone tool refittings by using 3D modelling and the Blender Engine: The application of the "ReViBE" protocol to the archaeological record. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309611. [PMID: 39208079 PMCID: PMC11361422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual representation of material culture plays a crucial role in prehistoric archaeology, from academic research to public outreach and communication. Scientific illustration is a valuable tool for visualising lithic artefacts and refittings, where technical attributes must be drawn to enhance our understanding of their significance. However, the representation of lithic refittings, which involve dynamic and sequential transformations of a volume, requires an alternative approach to traditional two-dimensional models such as photography or illustration. Advances in imaging technologies have improved our ability to capture and communicate the multifaceted nature of archaeological artefacts. In this context, we present the ReViBE protocol (Refitting Visualisation using Blender Engine), which integrates photogrammetry, 3D modelling and the animation software Blender© for the virtual representation of lithic refittings. This protocol allows the sequential study of core reduction phases and their associated flakes, as well as other aspects related to knapping decision making (core rotations, surface modifications, and direction and position of impact points). Thus, this method allows the visualisation of techno-cognitive aspects involved in core reduction through a step-by-step animation process. In addition, the 3D models and virtual reconstructions generated by ReViBE can be accessed through open repositories, in line with the principles of open science and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data. This accessibility ensures that data on lithic technology and human behaviour are widely available, promoting transparency and knowledge sharing, and enabling remote lithic analysis. This in turn breaks down geographical barriers and encourages scientific collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Martínez
- Centre d’Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katia Calmet
- Centre d’Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez Moreno
- Centre d’Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roda Gilabert
- Centre d’Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Humanitats, CASEs - Culture, Archaeology, and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morales JI, Cebrià A, Burguet-Coca A, Fernández-Marchena JL, García-Argudo G, Rodríguez-Hidalgo A, Soto M, Talamo S, Tejero JM, Vallverdú J, Fullola JM. The Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition occupations from Cova Foradada (Calafell, NE Iberia). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215832. [PMID: 31095578 PMCID: PMC6522054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe covers the last millennia of Neanderthal life together with the appearance and expansion of Modern Human populations. Culturally, it is defined by the Late Middle Paleolithic succession, and by Early Upper Paleolithic complexes like the Châtelperronian (southwestern Europe), the Protoaurignacian, and the Early Aurignacian. Up to now, the southern boundary for the transition has been established as being situated between France and Iberia, in the Cantabrian façade and Pyrenees. According to this, the central and southern territories of Iberia are claimed to have been the refuge of the last Neanderthals for some additional millennia after they were replaced by anatomically Modern Humans on the rest of the continent. In this paper, we present the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition sequence from Cova Foradada (Tarragona), a cave on the Catalan Mediterranean coastline. Archaeological research has documented a stratigraphic sequence containing a succession of very short-term occupations pertaining to the Châtelperronian, Early Aurignacian, and Gravettian. Cova Foradada therefore represents the southernmost Châtelperronian-Early Aurignacian sequence ever documented in Europe, significantly enlarging the territorial distribution of both cultures and providing an important geographical and chronological reference for understanding Neanderthal disappearance and the complete expansion of anatomically Modern Humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Morales
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Cebrià
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Burguet-Coca
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Gala García-Argudo
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Complutense University, Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology Department, Madrid, Spain
- IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soto
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José-Miguel Tejero
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CNRS, ArScan, UMR-7041, Ethnologie préhistorique, Nanterre, France
| | - Josep Vallverdú
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bible RC, Peterson AT. Compatible ecological niche signals between biological and archaeological datasets for late-surviving Neandertals. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:968-974. [PMID: 29664998 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess ecological niche similarity for biological and archaeological samples representing late-surviving Neandertals in Europe to evaluate the validity of combining these two types of data in ecological niche modeling analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tests of niche conservatism were used to assess niche similarity and niche identity of samples of morphologically diagnostic Neandertal remains and Middle Paleolithic (MP) archaeological sites dating to the time period leading up to Neandertal extinction. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Pre-H4 (43.3-40.2 ky cal BP) were used as environmental space analyses. RESULTS Null hypotheses of niche similarity and identity of the two types of samples could not be rejected. CONCLUSIONS As primary and secondary evidence of Neandertal occurrence during the Pre-H4 show high levels of niche similarity and identity, combining the two types of occurrence data to create larger samples for niche analyses is justified without the concern that different environmental signals could complicate future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C Bible
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - A Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eixea A, Villaverde V, Zilhão J. Not Only Flint: Levallois on Quartzite and Limestone at Abrigo de la Quebrada (Valencia, Spain): Implications for Neandertal Behavior. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1086/685265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Quam R, Sanz M, Daura J, Robson Brown K, García-González R, Rodríguez L, Dawson H, Rodríguez RF, Gómez S, Villaescusa L, Rubio Á, Yagüe A, Ortega Martínez MC, Fullola JM, Zilhão J, Arsuaga JL. The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: New remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona). J Hum Evol 2015; 81:13-28. [PMID: 25766902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA; Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
| | - Montserrat Sanz
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Daura
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain
| | - Heidi Dawson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rosa Flor Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Villaescusa
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Antropología, Depto de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Av de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Yagüe
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Ortega Martínez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Zilhão
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yravedra J, Cobo-Sánchez L. Neanderthal exploitation of ibex and chamois in southwestern Europe. J Hum Evol 2014; 78:12-32. [PMID: 25481629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Neanderthals had a diverse and flexible diet. They exploited a wide range of resources from large proboscideans to small animals like turtles, rabbits, and marine species. Here, we discuss the importance of ibex and chamois in Neanderthal hunting strategies. The exploitation of both animals has traditionally been regarded as typical of Homo sapiens hunting behavior but was not a feature of Neanderthal behavior, which was thought to have focused on other kinds of game like deer, horses or large bovids. Our analysis of an extensive sample of Middle Paleolithic sites with faunal remains in the Iberian Peninsula reveals that Iberian ibex and chamois were frequently present throughout this period. Statistical analyses allowed us to assess the conditions that might have favored the presence or absence of these animals in the sites, while the taphonomic analyses enabled us to address the issue of whether ibex and chamois were indeed hunted by Neanderthals in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results indicate a better representation of both species in rocky and mountainous areas. The taphonomy of some sites reveals that chamois and ibex were hunted by Neanderthals, who showed great adaptive capacities to a wide variety of environments, including mountainous habitats. In contrast, other sites with favorable ecological conditions for ibex and chamois where these animals were not exploited by Neanderthals, who chose to hunt other species like deer, horses or aurochs, suggest behavioral complexity and large versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Yravedra
- Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Cobo-Sánchez
- Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garralda MD, Galván B, Hernández CM, Mallol C, Gómez JA, Maureille B. Neanderthals from El Salt (Alcoy, Spain) in the context of the latest Middle Palaeolithic populations from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. J Hum Evol 2014; 75:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
8
|
Wood R, Arrizabalaga A, Camps M, Fallon S, Iriarte-Chiapusso MJ, Jones R, Maroto J, de la Rasilla M, Santamaría D, Soler J, Soler N, Villaluenga A, Higham T. The chronology of the earliest Upper Palaeolithic in northern Iberia: New insights from L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña. J Hum Evol 2014; 69:91-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
de la Torre I, Martínez-Moreno J, Mora R. Change and Stasis in the Iberian Middle Paleolithic. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1086/673861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|