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Spear JK. Reduced limb integration characterizes primate clades with diverse locomotor adaptations. J Hum Evol 2024; 194:103567. [PMID: 39068699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hominoids exhibit a strikingly diverse set of locomotor adaptations-including knuckle-walking, brachiation, quadrumanuous suspension, and striding bipedalism-while also possessing morphologies associated with forelimb suspension. It has been suggested that changes in limb element integration facilitated the evolution of diverse locomotor modes by reducing covariation between serial homologs and allowing the evolution of a greater diversity of limb lengths. Here, I compare limb element integration in hominoids with that of other primate taxa, including two that have converged with them in forelimb morphology, Ateles and Pygathrix. Ateles is part of a clade that, such as hominoids, exhibits diverse locomotor adaptations, whereas Pygathrix is an anomaly in a much more homogeneous (in terms of locomotor adaptations) clade. I find that all atelines (and possibly all atelids), not just Ateles, share reduced limb element integration with hominoids. Pygathrix does not, however, instead resembling other members of its own family. Indriids also seem to have higher limb integration than apes, despite using their forelimbs and hindlimbs in divergent ways, although there is more uncertainty in this group due to poor sample size. These results suggest that reduced limb integration is characteristic of certain taxonomic groups with high locomotor diversity rather than taxa with specific, specialized locomotor adaptations. This is consistent with the hypothesis that reduced integration serves to open new areas of morphospace to those clades while suggesting that derived locomotion with divergent demands on limbs is not necessarily associated with reduced limb integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Spear
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th Street, Chicago, 60637, USA; Center for the Study of Human Origins and Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, 10003, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, USA.
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2
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Bogdanova R, Youlatos D, Spassov N. Terrestriality as reflected in the humerus of Mesopithecus delsoni (Cercopithecidae, Colobinae) from Hadjidimovo, Bulgaria. J Hum Evol 2023; 180:103383. [PMID: 37244094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fossil colobine genus Mesopithecus is the oldest European monkey, ranging from the Late Miocene to the earliest Pleistocene. It is one of the most successful genera of Old World monkeys since the late Neogene. Its ecology, as an indicator of Late Miocene environments, is of particular interest. Several investigations have clarified the locomotor adaptations of the middle and late Turolian Balkan Mesopithecus pentelicus, but such studies are virtually absent for the earliest known taxon, the early Turolian Mesopithecus delsoni, due to the lack of fossil material. However, a large collection of postcranial material of M. delsoni from the Bulgarian Early Turolian locality of Hadjidimovo provides the first opportunity for such an analysis. The present study examines the functional morphology of the fossil humeri of M. delsoni from Hadjidimovo, Bulgaria, and of M. pentelicus from Bulgarian and Greek fossil localities. We provide detailed comparative qualitative descriptions and use univariate and multivariate quantitative analyses of one angular and 12 linear measurements in comparison with 149 extant Cercopithecidae, representing 14 genera and 34 species. Our analyses demonstrate that the humeral elements from Hadjidimovo show important morphological differences from those of M. pentelicus from Pikermi, Kalimantsi, and Gorna Sushitsa, suggesting strong terrestrial tendencies for M. delsoni. This finding, when considered together with the paleobiologial inference of semiterrestriality for the early cercopithecoid Victoriapithecidae, might indicate that the first colobines (still unknown) were also semiterrestrial. Finally, the morphological features related to terrestriality in M. delsoni, which differ from those of the later M. pentelicus, provide additional data in support of the idea that the older taxon represents a separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Bogdanova
- Department of Paleontology and Mineralogy, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Dionisios Youlatos
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolai Spassov
- Department of Paleontology and Mineralogy, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Biochronology of South African hominin-bearing sites: A reassessment using cercopithecid primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210627119. [PMID: 36279427 PMCID: PMC9659350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210627119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in chronometric techniques (e.g., Uranium-Lead [U-Pb], cosmogenic nuclides, electron spin resonance spectroscopy [ESR]), considerable uncertainty remains regarding the age of many Plio-Pleistocene hominin sites, including several in South Africa. Consequently, biochronology remains important in assessments of Plio-Pleistocene geochronology and provides direct age estimates of the fossils themselves. Historically, cercopithecid monkeys have been among the most useful taxa for biochronology of early hominins because they are widely present and abundant in the African Plio-Pleistocene record. The last major studies using cercopithecids were published over 30 y ago. Since then, new hominin sites have been discovered, radiometric age estimates have been refined, and many changes have occurred in cercopithecid taxonomy and systematics. Thus, a biochronological reassessment using cercopithecids is long overdue. Here, we provide just such a revision based on our recent study of every major cercopithecid collection from African Plio-Pleistocene sites. In addition to correlations based on shared faunal elements, we present an analysis based on the dentition of the abundant cercopithecid
Theropithecus oswaldi
, which increases in size in a manner that is strongly correlated with geological age (
r
2
∼0.83), thereby providing a highly accurate age-estimation tool not previously utilized. In combination with paleomagnetic and U-Pb data, our results provide revised age estimates and suggest that there are no hominin sites in South Africa significantly older than ∼2.8 Ma. Where conflicting age estimates exist, we suggest that additional data are needed and recall that faunal estimates have ultimately proved reliable in the past (e.g., the age of the KBS Tuff).
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Feeding ecology of the last European colobine monkey, Dolichopithecus ruscinensis. J Hum Evol 2022; 168:103199. [PMID: 35667203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, very little is known about the ecology of extinct Eurasian cercopithecids. Dietary information is crucial in understanding the ecological adaptations and diversity of extinct cercopithecids and the evolution of this family. For example, the colobine genus Dolichopithecus is represented by multiple large-bodied species that inhabited Eurasia during the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene. The available evidence, though limited, suggests semiterrestrial locomotion, which contrasts with most extant African and Asian colobines that exhibit morphological and physiological adaptations for arboreality and folivory. These differences raise questions regarding the dietary specialization of early colobine taxa and how/if that influenced their dispersion out of Africa and into Eurasia. To further our understanding of the ecology of Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecids, we characterized the dental capabilities and potential dietary adaptations of Dolichopithecus ruscinensis through dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses on an M1 from the locality of Serrat d'en Vacquer, Perpignan (France). We also assessed the feeding behavior of D. ruscinensis through dental microwear texture analysis on a broad sample of fossil molars from fossil sites in France, Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania. Dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses suggest that D. ruscinensis could efficiently process a wide range of foods. Results of the dental microwear texture analysis suggest that its diet ranged from folivory to the consumption of more mechanically challenging foods. Collectively, this suggests a more opportunistic feeding behavior for Dolichopithecus than characteristic of most extant colobines.
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Anderson M. An assessment of the postcranial skeleton of the Paracolobus mutiwa (Primates: Colobinae) specimen KNM-WT 16827 from Lomekwi, West Turkana, Kenya. J Hum Evol 2021; 156:103012. [PMID: 34004496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The postcranium of a large-bodied colobine monkey attributed to Paracolobus mutiwa from the site of Lomekwi, West Turkana, Kenya, is described. The partial skeleton (KNM-WT 16827) was recovered from locality LO 1, dated to 2.58-2.53 Ma, and preserves postcranial elements including fragments of scapula, humerus, proximal ulna, proximal radius, os coxae, proximal femur, astragalus, and calcaneus. KNM-WT 16827 was identified as P. mutiwa based on cranial similarities to the holotype female maxilla (KNM-ER 3843) and the holotype of Paracolobus chemeroni (KNM-BC 3), but is currently the only specimen of this taxon with associated cranial and postcranial elements. The skeleton is morphologically distinct from other large cercopithecid specimens from the Turkana Basin, including several assigned to Cercopithecoides williamsi, Cercopithecoides kimeui, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis, and Theropithecus oswaldi and differs from KNM-BC 3 in the larger cranium and shorter and more robust long bones. KNM-WT 16827 has forelimb and hindlimb features exhibiting a mixture of traits more associated with terrestrial locomotor behavior, including robust humeral deltoid tuberosity, retroflexed humeral medial epicondyle, deep ulnar trochlear notch, relatively short lower iliac height, prominent femoral greater trochanter, asymmetrical astragalar trochlea, and weak digit flexor grooves on the calcaneus. KNM-WT 16827 is also proportionally distinct from KNM-BC 3 and other Turkana Basin specimens attributed to large-bodied taxa such as C. williamsi, C. kimeui, R. turkanaensis, and T. oswaldi in having relatively shorter limbs and smaller tarsals. The traits shared with P. chemeroni and other extinct taxa are either typical for colobines, or likely due to P. mutiwa and P. chemeroni sharing adaptations for terrestrial locomotion relative to extant colobinans. Although a full cranial assessment is needed, based on its postcranial morphology KNM-WT 16827 is distinct from KNM-BC 3, C. williamsi, R. turkanaensis, Theropithecus, and extant colobines, warranting further analyses to better assess the taxonomic assignment of the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monya Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, Anthropology 225, TAMU 4352, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Locke EM, Benefit BR, Kimock CM, Miller ER, Nengo I. New dentognathic fossils of Noropithecus bulukensis (Primates, Victoriapithecidae) from the late Early Miocene of Buluk, Kenya. J Hum Evol 2020; 148:102886. [PMID: 33031954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The late Early Miocene site of Buluk, Kenya, has yielded fossil remains of several catarrhine primates, including 16 dentognathic specimens of the stem cercopithecoid Noropithecus bulukensis. With the exception of the large sample of Victoriapithecus macinnesi from the middle Miocene of Maboko Island, Kenya, the majority of stem cercopithecoid taxa are represented by small sample sizes. We describe and analyze 91 new cercopithecoid fossils collected from Buluk between 2004 and 2018, including several previously undescribed tooth positions for N. bulukensis, and provide the first evaluation of dental metric and morphological variation in this sample. The results show that the expanded Buluk sample exhibits high levels of dental variation in the postcanine tooth row, similar to V. macinnesi at Maboko, but this variation is consistent with a single-species hypothesis. Subtle differences in the shape of the I1, breadth of the C1 and P3, relative breadth of M1, upper and lower molar distal shelf lengths, the degree of M2 basal flare, and a less-developed lower molar distal lophid differentiate the dentition of N. bulukensis from V. macinnesi. Although differences exist between the N. bulukensis and V. macinnesi dental samples, the high degree of variation within each sample complicates the identification of many individual specimens. New partial maxillae and mandibles allow reassessment of previously described diagnostic differences between N. bulukensis and V. macinnesi, negating upper molar arcade shape as a diagnostic feature and confirming the existence of differences in mandibular symphyseal morphology. Overall, new fossils from Buluk provide new evidence of the dentognathic anatomy of a medium-sized cercopithecoid that coexisted with a diverse group of noncercopithecoid catarrhines at the end of the early Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis M Locke
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
| | - Brenda R Benefit
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Clare M Kimock
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ellen R Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Isaiah Nengo
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Oldest colobine calcaneus from East Asia (Zhaotong, Yunnan, China). J Hum Evol 2020; 147:102866. [PMID: 32862123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from a juvenile hominoid, the locality of Shuitangba (southwestern China, 6.5-6.0 Ma) has yielded a mandible and proximal femur attributed to the colobine genus Mesopithecus. A complete colobine calcaneus also accompanies this material, but its association with the other Mesopithecus material remains to be confirmed. These fossil elements are very important as they represent the oldest known colobines from East Asia, extend the dispersal of Mesopithecus to southwestern China, and underscore its close affinities and potential ancestry to the odd-nosed colobines. The present article focuses on the functional morphology of this complete calcaneus to reconstruct the positional habits, infer the paleocology, and understand the dispersal patterns of this fossil colobine. The studied characters corroborate the attribution of this element to colobines and support potential affinities with the Mesopithecus remains of the same locality. Functionally, characters such as the long and narrow tuber calcanei, the short proximal calcaneal region, and the relatively extended and long and narrow proximal calcaneoastragalar facet appear to enable habitual pedal flexion with conjunct inversion that accommodate the foot on diversely oriented and differently sized arboreal substrates. On the other hand, the relatively short distal calcaneal region is functionally related to (mainly terrestrial) quadrupedal activities, wherein thrust and rapid flexion are required. This combination of characters suggests that the Shuitangba colobine could move at ease on arboreal substrates and was also able to occasionally use terrestrial substrates. The potential affinities of this calcaneus to Mesopithecus and its positional profile most likely imply an eastward migration via forested corridors. In Shuitangba, this fossil colobine could trophically and positionally exploit a wide range of habitats successfully coexisting with resident hominoids.
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Frost SR, Simpson SW, Levin NE, Quade J, Rogers MJ, Semaw S. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia. J Hum Evol 2020; 144:102789. [PMID: 32485477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Early Pliocene Sagantole Fm. in the Gona Project area, Afar State, Ethiopia, is noted for discoveries of the early hominin Ardipithecus ramidus. A large series of fossil cercopithecid primates dated to between 4.8 and 4.3 Ma has also been collected from these sediments. In this paper, we use qualitative analysis and standard dental and postcranial measures to systematically describe the craniodental remains and tentatively allocate postcrania to taxa where we are able to. We then use these data to compare these specimens to fossil assemblages from contemporary sites, interpret their paleobiology, and discuss implications for the paleoecology of the Gona Sagantole Fm. We recognize three cercopithecid species in the Gona Sagantole Fm. Pliopapio alemui makes up approximately two-thirds of the identifiable specimens; nearly all of the rest are allocated to Kuseracolobus aramisi, and a single molar indicates the presence of a second, somewhat larger but morphologically distinct papionin. Among the Early Pliocene cercopithecids from Gona are also a number of postcranial elements. None of the postcranial remains are directly associated with any of the cranial material. Nonetheless, some of the distal humeri and proximal femora can be tentatively allocated to either Pl. alemui or K. aramisi based on a combination of size, as the latter is approximately 50% larger than the former, and morphology. If these assignments are correct, they suggest K. aramisi was primarily arboreal and similar to most extant colobines, whereas Pl. alemui was more mixed in its substrate use, being more terrestrially adapted than K. aramisi, but less so than extant Papio or Theropithecus. Thus, we interpret the predominance of Pl. alemui over K. aramisi is consistent with a somewhat more open environment at Gona than at Aramis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Frost
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1218, USA.
| | - Scott W Simpson
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University-School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Naomi E Levin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jay Quade
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT, 06515-1355, USA
| | - Sileshi Semaw
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Stone Age Institute & CRAFT Research Center, Gosport, IN, 47408, USA
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Arenson JL, Sargis EJ, Hart JA, Hart TB, Detwiler KM, Gilbert CC. Skeletal morphology of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) and the evolution of guenon locomotor behavior. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:3-24. [PMID: 32124976 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) are a diverse and primarily arboreal radiation of Old World monkeys from Africa. However, preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), a little-known guenon species described in 2012, report it spending substantial amounts of time on the ground. New specimens allow us to present the first description of lesula postcranial morphology and apply a comparative functional morphology approach to supplement our knowledge of its locomotor behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS To infer the substrate use preferences of the lesula, 22 postcranial variables correlated with locomotion were assessed in a sample of 151 adult guenon specimens, including two C. lomamiensis. Using multivariate statistical analyses, we predict the amount of time the lesula spends on the ground relative to the comparative sample. RESULTS Results suggest that the lesula spends nearly half its time on the ground, and the two available individuals were classified as semiterrestrial and terrestrial with strong support. Comparisons with two outgroup cercopithecid taxa (Colobus guereza and Macaca mulatta) demonstrate that, as a group, guenons retain signals of a generalized, semiterrestrially adapted postcranium compared to specialized arboreal cercopithecids. DISCUSSION These results corroborate preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula as a semiterrestrial to terrestrial primate and imply multiple evolutionary transitions in substrate use among the guenon radiation. A broader view of cercopithecoid evolution suggests that a semiterrestrial ancestor for extant guenons is more parsimonious than an arboreal one, indicating that the arboreal members of the group are probably recently derived from a more semiterrestrial ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Arenson
- PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York
| | - Eric J Sargis
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John A Hart
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut.,Frankfurt Zoological Society, TL2 Project, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Terese B Hart
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut.,Frankfurt Zoological Society, TL2 Project, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kate M Detwiler
- Department of Anthropology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Christopher C Gilbert
- PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York.,Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
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Pallas L, Daver G, Mackaye HT, Likius A, Vignaud P, Guy F. A window into the early evolutionary history of Cercopithecidae: Late Miocene evidence from Chad, Central Africa. J Hum Evol 2019; 132:61-79. [PMID: 31203852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Central Africa is known as a major center of diversification for extant Old World Monkeys (OWM) and yet has a poorly documented fossil record of monkeys. Here we report a new colobine monkey (Cercopithecoides bruneti sp. nov.) from the Central African hominin-bearing fossiliferous area of Toros-Menalla, Chad at ca. 7 Ma. In addition to filling a gap in the spatial and temporal record of early OWM evolutionary history, we assess the ecomorphological diversity of early OWM by providing evidence on the onset of a folivorous diet and a partial reacquisition of terrestrial locomotor habits among Miocene colobines. We also support the phylogenetic affinities of the genus Cercopithecoides among the stem group of the extant African colobine monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Pallas
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Daver
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Hassane T Mackaye
- Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Andossa Likius
- Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Patrick Vignaud
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Franck Guy
- PALEVOPRIM: Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
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Forelimb morphology and substrate use in extant Cercopithecidae and the fossil primate community of the Hadar sequence, Ethiopia. J Hum Evol 2018; 123:70-83. [PMID: 30057327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that joint architecture of the extant cercopithecid forelimb differentiates terrestrial from arboreal quadrupedal species. Linear dimensions of forelimb joint morphology have also been used to assign fossil species to locomotor categories. However, many primates use a mix of terrestrial and arboreal behaviors, which can be problematic when developing models of behavior reconstruction using morphological variation. The current study uses multivariate analyses to identify morphology related to substrate use in primates, including determination of semiterrestriality. Measurements collected from distal humeri and proximal ulnae of 49 extant cercopithecid primate species were selected based on studies indicating that they could individually predict substrate use. Analyses including one-way analysis of variance, principal components, and discriminant functions were conducted to assess their ability to differentiate between arboreal and terrestrial substrate use. The functions created in these analyses are then applied to data from fossil specimens from the Hadar sequence, Ethiopia, sampling both the Hadar and overlying Busidima Formations, to retrodict possible substrate behavior of fossil monkeys at Hadar through time. As this study is designed to identify function and behavior rather than phylogeny, the taxonomic assignment of the fossil specimens is sometimes uncertain, but substrate behavior can still be inferred. Results suggest that substrate use, including semiterrestrial behavior, in extant and extinct primates can be inferred successfully from multivariate analyses based on joint morphology of the monkey elbow. This study reveals that the ecological distribution of primarily terrestrial fossil primate species of the Hadar sequence is comparable to modern-day communities in habitats similar to those reconstructed for the Hadar members.
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12
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New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on
ape evolution. Nature 2017; 548:169-174. [DOI: 10.1038/nature23456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Katoh S, Beyene Y, Itaya T, Hyodo H, Hyodo M, Yagi K, Gouzu C, WoldeGabriel G, Hart WK, Ambrose SH, Nakaya H, Bernor RL, Boisserie JR, Bibi F, Saegusa H, Sasaki T, Sano K, Asfaw B, Suwa G. New geological and palaeontological age constraint for the gorilla–human lineage split. Nature 2016; 530:215-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gilbert CC, Takahashi MQ, Delson E. Cercopithecoid humeri from Taung support the distinction of major papionin clades in the South African fossil record. J Hum Evol 2016; 90:88-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Dietary change among hominins and cercopithecids in Ethiopia during the early Pliocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12304-9. [PMID: 26371308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424982112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of C4 resources into hominin diet signifies increased dietary breadth within hominins and divergence from the dietary patterns of other great apes. Morphological evidence indicates that hominin diet became increasingly diverse by 4.2 million years ago but may not have included large proportions of C4 foods until 800 thousand years later, given the available isotopic evidence. Here we use carbon isotope data from early to mid Pliocene hominin and cercopithecid fossils from Woranso-Mille (central Afar, Ethiopia) to constrain the timing of this dietary change and its ecological context. We show that both hominins and some papionins expanded their diets to include C4 resources as early as 3.76 Ma. Among hominins, this dietary expansion postdates the major dentognathic morphological changes that distinguish Australopithecus from Ardipithecus, but it occurs amid a continuum of adaptations to diets of tougher, harder foods and to committed terrestrial bipedality. In contrast, carbon isotope data from cercopithecids indicate that C4-dominated diets of the earliest members of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage preceded the dental specialization for grazing but occurred after they were fully terrestrial. The combined data indicate that the inclusion of C4 foods in hominin diet occurred as part of broader ecological changes in African primate communities.
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SUWA GEN, BEYENE YONAS, NAKAYA HIDEO, BERNOR RAYMONDL, BOISSERIE JEANRENAUD, BIBI FAYSAL, AMBROSE STANLEYH, SANO KATSUHIRO, KATOH SHIGEHIRO, ASFAW BERHANE. Newly discovered cercopithecid, equid and other mammalian fossils from the Chorora Formation, Ethiopia. ANTHROPOL SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.150206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GEN SUWA
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - YONAS BEYENE
- ARCC Awassa, Addis Ababa
- CFEE, CNRS and French Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Addis Ababa
| | - HIDEO NAKAYA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima
| | | | - JEAN-RENAUD BOISSERIE
- IPHEP, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers
- CFEE, CNRS and French Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Addis Ababa
| | - FAYSAL BIBI
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin
| | | | | | - SHIGEHIRO KATOH
- Division of Natural History, Hyogo Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Sanda
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New Fauna from Loperot Contributes to the Understanding of Early Miocene Catarrhine Communities. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Early guenon from the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, with implications for cercopithecoid biogeography and evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10119-24. [PMID: 24982136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323888111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly discovered fossil monkey (AUH 1321) from the Baynunah Formation, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, is important in a number of distinct ways. At ∼ 6.5-8.0 Ma, it represents the earliest known member of the primate subfamily Cercopithecinae found outside of Africa, and it may also be the earliest cercopithecine in the fossil record. In addition, the fossil appears to represent the earliest member of the cercopithecine tribe Cercopithecini (guenons) to be found anywhere, adding between 2 and 3.5 million y (∼ 50-70%) to the previous first-appearance datum of the crown guenon clade. It is the only guenon--fossil or extant--known outside the continent of Africa, and it is only the second fossil monkey specimen so far found in the whole of Arabia. This discovery suggests that identifiable crown guenons extend back into the Miocene epoch, thereby refuting hypotheses that they are a recent radiation first appearing in the Pliocene or Pleistocene. Finally, the new monkey is a member of a unique fauna that had dispersed from Africa and southern Asia into Arabia by this time, suggesting that the Arabian Peninsula was a potential filter for cross-continental faunal exchange. Thus, the presence of early cercopithecines on the Arabian Peninsula during the late Miocene reinforces the probability of a cercopithecoid dispersal route out of Africa through southwest Asia before Messinian dispersal routes over the Mediterranean Basin or Straits of Gibraltar.
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Gilbert CC. Cladistic analysis of extant and fossil African papionins using craniodental data. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:399-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The modern Old World Monkeys (Superfamily Cercopithecoidea, Family Cercopithecidae) can be traced back into the late Miocene, but their origin and subsequent diversification is obscured by the scarcity of terrestrial fossil sites in Africa between 15 and 6 Ma. Here, we document the presence of cercopithecids at 12.5 Ma in the Tugen Hills of Kenya. These fossils add 3 My to the known antiquity of crown Cercopithecidae. The two specimens represent one or possibly two species of early colobine, and their morphology suggests that they were less folivorous than their modern relatives.
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Guschanski K, Krause J, Sawyer S, Valente LM, Bailey S, Finstermeier K, Sabin R, Gilissen E, Sonet G, Nagy ZT, Lenglet G, Mayer F, Savolainen V. Next-generation museomics disentangles one of the largest primate radiations. Syst Biol 2013; 62:539-54. [PMID: 23503595 PMCID: PMC3676678 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) are one of the most diverse groups of primates. They occupy all of sub-Saharan Africa and show great variation in ecology, behavior, and morphology. This variation led to the description of over 60 species and subspecies. Here, using next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) in combination with targeted DNA capture, we sequenced 92 mitochondrial genomes from museum-preserved specimens as old as 117 years. We infer evolutionary relationships and estimate divergence times of almost all guenon taxa based on mitochondrial genome sequences. Using this phylogenetic framework, we infer divergence dates and reconstruct ancestral geographic ranges. We conclude that the extraordinary radiation of guenons has been a complex process driven by, among other factors, localized fluctuations of African forest cover. We find incongruences between phylogenetic trees reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, which can be explained by either incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization. Furthermore, having produced the largest mitochondrial DNA data set from museum specimens, we document how NGS technologies can "unlock" museum collections, thereby helping to unravel the tree-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Guschanski
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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HE K, HU N, ORKIN JD, NYEIN DT, MA C, XIAO W, FAN P, JIANG X. Molecular phylogeny and divergence time of Trachypithecus: with implications for the taxonomy of T. phayrei. Zool Res 2013; 33:E104-10. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2012.e05-06e104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nishimura TD, Takai M, Senut B, Taru H, Maschenko EN, Prieur A. Reassessment of Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis, a colobine monkey from the Late Pliocene of Japan. J Hum Evol 2012; 62:548-61. [PMID: 22446066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the original description of Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis, Iwamoto, Hasegawa and Koizumi, 2005, a moderately large-sized colobine monkey from the Late Pliocene of central Japan, affinities to the European Dolichopithecus rather than to the Transbaikalian Parapresbytis were noted based on the similarities in cranial morphology. Computed tomography scans confirm the presence of the maxillary sinus in the holotype, whereas it is probably absent in specimens of the European Dolichopithecus ruscinensis, the type species of this genus. This feature is either present or absent homogeneously in any given genus of living anthropoids. Its presence or absence is unknown in Parapresbytis, but the distinct morphology of the maxillary incisors in this taxon suggests that this form had different feeding habits from the Japanese colobines. These findings suggest that the Japanese colobine should be referred to henceforth as Kanagawapithecus leptopostorbitalis. Kanagawapithecus shares many important facial and dental features with Dolichopithecus rather than with Parapresbytis, but this association depends largely on the limited availability of comparable materials for the latter. Among colobines, the presence of the maxillary sinus is recorded only in Libypithecus and Cercopithecoides. The maxillary sinus is absent in all modern Asian colobines, implying that Kanagawapithecus is an isolated form without any relationship to living forms. Nevertheless, such phylogenetic interpretations are largely dependent on the restricted fossil evidence from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of eastern Eurasia and will be reexamined when new findings are made.
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