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Kopp GH, Sithaldeen R, Trede F, Grathwol F, Roos C, Zinner D. A Comprehensive Overview of Baboon Phylogenetic History. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030614. [PMID: 36980887 PMCID: PMC10048742 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baboons (genus Papio) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over the last 20 years has shown that considerable incongruences exist between phylogenies based on morphology, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence data of modern baboons, and hybridization and introgression have been suggested as the main drivers of these patterns. Baboons, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to study these phenomena and their impact on speciation. Advances both in geographic and genomic coverage provide increasing details on the complexity of the phylogeography of baboons. Here, we compile the georeferenced genetic data of baboons and review the current knowledge on baboon phylogeny, discuss the evolutionary processes that may have shaped the patterns that we observe today, and propose future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela H. Kopp
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Riashna Sithaldeen
- Academic Development Programme, Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Franziska Trede
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Grathwol
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primate Cognition, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Grine FE, Mongle CS, Fleagle JG, Hammond AS. The taxonomic attribution of African hominin postcrania from the Miocene through the Pleistocene: Associations and assumptions. J Hum Evol 2022; 173:103255. [PMID: 36375243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Postcranial bones may provide valuable information about fossil taxa relating to their locomotor habits, manipulative abilities and body sizes. Distinctive features of the postcranial skeleton are sometimes noted in species diagnoses. Although numerous isolated postcranial fossils have become accepted by many workers as belonging to a particular species, it is worthwhile revisiting the evidence for each attribution before including them in comparative samples in relation to the descriptions of new fossils, functional analyses in relation to particular taxa, or in evolutionary contexts. Although some workers eschew the taxonomic attribution of postcranial fossils as being less important (or interesting) than interpreting their functional morphology, it is impossible to consider the evolution of functional anatomy in a taxonomic and phylogenetic vacuum. There are 21 widely recognized hominin taxa that have been described from sites in Africa dated from the Late Miocene to the Middle Pleistocene; postcranial elements have been attributed to 17 of these. The bones that have been thus assigned range from many parts of a skeleton to isolated elements. However, the extent to which postcranial material can be reliably attributed to a specific taxon varies considerably from site to site and species to species, and is often the subject of considerable debate. Here, we review the postcranial remains attributed to African hominin taxa from the Late Miocene to the Middle and Late Pleistocene and place these assignations into categories of reliability. The catalog of attributions presented here may serve as a guide for making taxonomic decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick E Grine
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA.
| | - Carrie S Mongle
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA; Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA
| | - John G Fleagle
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA
| | - Ashley S Hammond
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA; New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY 10024, USA
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3
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Stollhofen H, Stanistreet IG, Toth N, Schick KD, Rodríguez-Cintas A, Albert RM, Farrugia P, Njau JK, Pante MC, Herrmann EW, Ruck L, Bamford MK, Blumenschine RJ, Masao FT. Olduvai's oldest Oldowan. J Hum Evol 2020; 150:102910. [PMID: 33271475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, Olduvai Bed I excavations revealed Oldowan assemblages <1.85 Ma, mainly in the eastern gorge. New western gorge excavations locate a much older ∼2.0 Ma assemblage between the Coarse Feldspar Crystal Tuff (∼2.015 Ma) and Tuff IA (∼1.98 Ma) of Lower Bed I, predating the oldest eastern gorge DK assemblage below Tuff IB by ∼150 kyr. We characterize this newly discovered fossil and artifact assemblage, adding information on landscape and hominin resource use during the ∼2.3-2.0 Ma period, scarce in Oldowan sites. Assemblage lithics and bones, lithofacies boundaries, and phytolith samples were surveyed and mapped. Sedimentological facies analysis, tephrostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic principles were applied to reconstruct paleoenvironments and sedimentary processes of sandy claystone (lake), sandstone (fluvial), and sandy diamictite (debris flow) as principal lithofacies. Artifacts, sized, weighed, categorized, were examined for petrography, retouch, and flake scar size. Taxonomic classifications and taphonomic descriptions of faunal remains were made, and phytoliths were categorized based on reference collections. Lithics are dominantly quartzite, mainly debitage and less frequently simple cores, retouched pieces, and percussors. Well-rounded spheroids and retouched flakes are rare. Identifiable taxa, Ceratotherium cf. simum (white rhinoceros) and Equus cf. oldowayensis (extinct zebra), accord with nearby open savanna grasslands, inferred from C3 grass, mixed and/or alternating with C4 grass-dominated phytolith assemblages. Palms, sedges, and dicots were also identified from phytoliths. Diatoms and sponge spicules imply nearby freshwater. The assemblage accumulated at the toe of a Ngorongoro Volcano-sourced fan-delta apron of stacked debris flows, fluvials, and tuffs, preserving fossil tree stumps and wooded grassland phytoliths farther upfan. It formed after the climax of Ngorongoro volcanic activity during a Paleolake Olduvai lowstand and was then buried and preserved by lacustrine clays, marking the first of two lake transgressions, signifying wetter climates. Orbital precessional lake cycles were superposed upon multimillennial (∼4.9 kyr) lake fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Stollhofen
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ian G Stanistreet
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK; The Stone Age Institute, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd., Gosport, IN, 47433, USA
| | - Nicholas Toth
- The Stone Age Institute, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd., Gosport, IN, 47433, USA; Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Kathy D Schick
- The Stone Age Institute, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd., Gosport, IN, 47433, USA; Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Agata Rodríguez-Cintas
- ERAAUB, Department of History and Archaeology, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Montalegre 6-8, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Albert
- ERAAUB, Department of History and Archaeology, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Montalegre 6-8, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Paul Farrugia
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Jackson K Njau
- The Stone Age Institute, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd., Gosport, IN, 47433, USA; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Michael C Pante
- Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Edward W Herrmann
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Lana Ruck
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Marion K Bamford
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Robert J Blumenschine
- Paleontological Scientific Trust (PAST), P.O. Box 52379, Saxonwold, 2132, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fidelis T Masao
- Archaeology Unit, Department of History, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35051, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Mercader J, Clarke S, Bundala M, Favreau J, Inwood J, Itambu M, Larter F, Lee P, Lewiski-McQuaid G, Mollel N, Mwambwiga A, Patalano R, Soto M, Tucker L, Walde D. Soil and plant phytoliths from the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics at Oldupai Gorge (Tanzania). PeerJ 2019; 7:e8211. [PMID: 31844589 PMCID: PMC6911344 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article studies soil and plant phytoliths from the Eastern Serengeti Plains, specifically the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics from Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, as present-day analogue for the environment that was contemporaneous with the emergence of the genus Homo. We investigate whether phytolith assemblages from recent soil surfaces reflect plant community structure and composition with fidelity. The materials included 35 topsoil samples and 29 plant species (20 genera, 15 families). Phytoliths were extracted from both soil and botanical samples. Quantification aimed at discovering relationships amongst the soil and plant phytoliths relative distributions through Chi-square independence tests, establishing the statistical significance of the relationship between categorical variables within the two populations. Soil assemblages form a spectrum, or cohort of co-ocurring phytolith classes, that will allow identifying environments similar to those in the Acacia-Commiphora ecozone in the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Mercader
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Siobhán Clarke
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mariam Bundala
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Julien Favreau
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jamie Inwood
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Makarius Itambu
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fergus Larter
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Patrick Lee
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Neduvoto Mollel
- Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, National Herbarium of Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Aloyce Mwambwiga
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Arusha National Natural History Museum, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Robert Patalano
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - María Soto
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laura Tucker
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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