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Ackert-Bicknell C, Karasik D. Proceedings of the Post-Genome Analysis for Musculoskeletal Biology Workshop. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:184-192. [PMID: 36869984 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Herein, we report on the proceedings of the workshop entitled "Post-Genome analysis for musculoskeletal biology" that was held in July of 2022 in Safed, Galilee, Israel. Supported by the Israel Science Foundation, the goal of this workshop was to bring together established investigators and their trainees who were interested in understanding the etiology of musculoskeletal disease, from Israel and from around the world. RECENT FINDINGS Presentations at this workshop spanned the spectrum from basic science to clinical studies. A major emphasis of the discussion centered on genetic studies in humans, and the limitations and advantages of such studies. The power of coupling studies using human data with functional follow-up studies in pre-clinical models such as mice, rats, and zebrafish was discussed in depth. The advantages and limitations of mice and zebrafish for faithfully modelling aspects of human disease were debated, specifically in the context of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, adult-onset auto-immune disease, and osteosarcopenia. There remain significant gaps in our understanding of the nature and etiology of human musculoskeletal disease. While therapies and medications exist, much work is still needed to find safe and effective interventions for all patients suffering from diseases associated with age-related deterioration of musculoskeletal tissues. The potential of forward and reverse genetic studies has not been exhausted for diseases of muscles, joints, and bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Torres-Tamayo N, Schlager S, García-Martínez D, Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Nalla S, Ogihara N, Oishi M, Martelli S, Bastir M. Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics of thorax-pelvis covariation and its potential for predicting the thorax morphology: A case study on Kebara 2 Neandertal. J Hum Evol 2020; 147:102854. [PMID: 32805525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal torso is a complex structure of outstanding importance in understanding human body shape evolution, but reconstruction usually entails an element of subjectivity as researchers apply their own anatomical expertise to the process. Among different fossil reconstruction methods, 3D geometric morphometric techniques have been increasingly used in the last decades. Two-block partial least squares analysis has shown great potential for predicting missing elements by exploiting the covariation between two structures (blocks) in a reference sample: one block can be predicted from the other one based on the strength of covariation between blocks. The first aim of this study is to test whether this predictive approach can be used for predicting thorax morphologies from pelvis morphologies within adult Homo sapiens reference samples with known covariation between the thorax and the pelvis. The second aim is to apply this method to Kebara 2 Neandertal (Israel, ∼60 ka) to predict its thorax morphology using two different pelvis reconstructions as predictors. We measured 134 true landmarks, 720 curve semilandmarks, and 160 surface semilandmarks on 60 3D virtual torso models segmented from CT scans. We conducted three two-block partial least squares analyses between the thorax (block 1) and the pelvis (block 2) based on the H. sapiens reference samples after performing generalized Procrustes superimposition on each block separately. Comparisons of these predictions in full shape space by means of Procrustes distances show that the male-only predictive model yields the most reliable predictions within modern humans. In addition, Kebara 2 thorax predictions based on this model concur with the thorax morphology proposed for Neandertals. The method presented here does not aim to replace other techniques, but to rather complement them through quantitative prediction of a virtual 'scaffold' to articulate the thoracic fossil elements, thus extending the potential of missing data estimation beyond the methods proposed in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Torres-Tamayo
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J.G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain; GIAVAL Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Stefan Schlager
- Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hebelstr 29, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J.G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Avenida de La Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Sanchis-Gimeno
- GIAVAL Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Naomichi Ogihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motoharu Oishi
- Laboratory of Anatomy 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sandra Martelli
- UCL Centre for Integrative Anatomy (CIA), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J.G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Gómez-Olivencia A, Barash A, García-Martínez D, Arlegi M, Kramer P, Bastir M, Been E. 3D virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neandertal thorax. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4387. [PMID: 30377294 PMCID: PMC6207772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and shape of the Neandertal thorax has been debated since the first discovery of Neandertal ribs more than 150 years ago, with workers proposing different interpretations ranging from a Neandertal thoracic morphology that is indistinguishable from modern humans, to one that was significantly different from them. Here, we provide a virtual 3D reconstruction of the thorax of the adult male Kebara 2 Neandertal. Our analyses reveal that the Kebara 2 thorax is significantly different but not larger from that of modern humans, wider in its lower segment, which parallels his wide bi-iliac breadth, and with a more invaginated vertebral column. Kinematic analyses show that rib cages that are wider in their lower segment produce greater overall size increments (respiratory capacity) during inspiration. We hypothesize that Neandertals may have had a subtle, but somewhat different breathing mechanism compared to modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17, Place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France.
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold, 8. P.O.B 1589, 1311502, Zefat, Israel
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Patricia Kramer
- Departments of Anthropology and Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3100, USA
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ella Been
- Department of Sports Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, 5545001, Kiryat Ono, Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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