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Talamo S, Urbanowski M, Picin A, Nowaczewska W, Vazzana A, Binkowski M, Cercatillo S, Diakowski M, Fewlass H, Marciszak A, Paleček D, Richards MP, Ryder CM, Sinet-Mathiot V, Smith GM, Socha P, Sponheimer M, Stefaniak K, Welker F, Winter H, Wiśniewski A, Żarski M, Benazzi S, Nadachowski A, Hublin JJ. A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22078. [PMID: 34837003 PMCID: PMC8626500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of mobiliary art and body augmentation are associated with the cultural innovations introduced by Homo sapiens at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. Here, we report the discovery of the oldest known human-modified punctate ornament, a decorated ivory pendant from the Paleolithic layers at Stajnia Cave in Poland. We describe the features of this unique piece, as well as the stratigraphic context and the details of its chronometric dating. The Stajnia Cave plate is a personal 'jewellery' object that was created 41,500 calendar years ago (directly radiocarbon dated). It is the oldest known of its kind in Eurasia and it establishes a new starting date for a tradition directly connected to the spread of modern Homo sapiens in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Talamo
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Picin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wioletta Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- X-Ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Silvia Cercatillo
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcin Diakowski
- Department of Stone Age Archaeology, Institute of Archeology, University of Wrocław, Szewska 48, 50-139, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Helen Fewlass
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrian Marciszak
- Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dragana Paleček
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael P Richards
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A, 1S6, Canada
| | - Christina M Ryder
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Virginie Sinet-Mathiot
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Geoff M Smith
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paweł Socha
- Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Frido Welker
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Winter
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Department of Stone Age Archaeology, Institute of Archeology, University of Wrocław, Szewska 48, 50-139, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Żarski
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Adam Nadachowski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Collège de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
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