1
|
Saenhom N, Boueroy P, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Kerdsin A. Distinguishing Clinical Enterococcus faecium Strains and Resistance to Vancomycin Using a Simple In-House Screening Test. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030286. [PMID: 35326750 PMCID: PMC8944677 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major concern as microorganisms with antimicrobial resistance and as a public health threat contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic costs. Among VREs, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is frequently isolated and is resistant to many antibiotics used to treat patients with hospital-acquired infection. Accurate and rapid detection of VREfm results in effective antimicrobial therapy, immediate patient isolation, dissemination control, and appropriate disinfection measures. An in-house VREfm screening broth was developed and compared to the broth microdilution method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of 105 enterococci, including 81 VRE isolates (61 E. faecium, 5 E. faecalis, 10 E. gallinarum, and 5 E. casseliflavus). Verification of this screening broth on 61 VREfm, 20 other VRE, and 24 non-VRE revealed greater validity for VREfm detection. The accuracy of this broth was 100% in distinguishing E. faecium from other enterococcal species. Our test revealed 93.3% accuracy, 97.5% sensitivity, and 79.2% specificity compared with broth microdilution and PCR detecting van genes. The kappa statistic to test interrater reliability was 0.8, revealing substantial agreement for this screening test to the broth microdilution method. In addition, the in-house VREfm screening broth produced rapid positivity after at least 8 h of incubation. Application of this assay to screen VREfm should be useful in clinical laboratories and hospital infection control units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natkamon Saenhom
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-023
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shalizi A, Wiegers TN, Maamar H. Click-to-Capture: A method for enriching viable Staphylococcus aureus using bio-orthogonal labeling of surface proteins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234542. [PMID: 32555702 PMCID: PMC7299360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the principal causative agents of bacteremia which can progress to sepsis. Rapid diagnostic tests for identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of S. aureus would improve patient outcomes and antibiotic stewardship, but existing methods require a lengthy culture step to obtain enough material for testing. Complexity of the host matrix, where pathogenic microbes are often present, also interferes with many diagnostic methods. Here, we describe a straightforward and rapid method for enriching viable S. aureus using bio-orthogonal, or “click,” chemistry methods. Bacteria labeled in this manner can potentially be cultured, interrogated using molecular methods for pathogen identification, or used to test antibiotic susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryaman Shalizi
- Department of Assay Development, Talis Biomedical Corporation, California, United States of America
| | - Toni N. Wiegers
- Department of Assay Development, Talis Biomedical Corporation, California, United States of America
| | - Hédia Maamar
- Department of Assay Development, Talis Biomedical Corporation, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Kumar KM, Anitha P, Sivasakthi V, Bag S, Lavanya P, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S. In silico study on Penicillin derivatives and Cephalosporins for upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:241-251. [PMID: 28324428 PMCID: PMC4026453 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, tonsils and pharynx. URT infections are caused mainly by pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Conventionally, β-lactam antibiotics are used to treat URT infections. Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) catalyze the cell wall synthesis in bacteria. β-Lactam antibiotics like Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Monobactams inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding with PBPs. Pathogenic bacteria have efficiently evolved to resist these β-lactam antibiotics. New generation antibiotics are capable of inhibiting the action of PBP due to its new and peculiar structure. New generation antibiotics and Penicillin derivatives are selected in this study and virtually compared on the basis of interaction studies. 3-Dimensional (3D) interaction studies between Lactivicin, Cefuroxime, Cefadroxil, Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole and Penicillin derivatives with PBPs of the above-mentioned bacteria are carried out. The aim of this study was to suggest a potent new generation molecule for further modification to increase the efficacy of the drug for the URTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Anitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sivasakthi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Susmita Bag
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Lavanya
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lam MMC, Seemann T, Tobias NJ, Chen H, Haring V, Moore RJ, Ballard S, Grayson LM, Johnson PDR, Howden BP, Stinear TP. Comparative analysis of the complete genome of an epidemic hospital sequence type 203 clone of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:595. [PMID: 24004955 PMCID: PMC3846456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this report we have explored the genomic and microbiological basis for a sustained increase in bloodstream infections at a major Australian hospital caused by Enterococcus faecium multi-locus sequence type (ST) 203, an outbreak strain that has largely replaced a predecessor ST17 sequence type. Results To establish a ST203 reference sequence we fully assembled and annotated the genome of Aus0085, a 2009 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) bloodstream isolate, and the first example of a completed ST203 genome. Aus0085 has a 3.2 Mb genome, comprising a 2.9 Mb circular chromosome and six circular plasmids (2 kb–130 kb). Twelve percent of the 3222 coding sequences (CDS) in Aus0085 are not present in ST17 E. faecium Aus0004 and ST18 E. faecium TX16. Extending this comparison to an additional 12 ST17 and 14 ST203 E. faecium hospital isolate genomes revealed only six genomic regions spanning 41 kb that were present in all ST203 and absent from all ST17 genomes. The 40 CDS have predicted functions that include ion transport, riboflavin metabolism and two phosphotransferase systems. Comparison of the vancomycin resistance-conferring Tn1549 transposon between Aus0004 and Aus0085 revealed differences in transposon length and insertion site, and van locus sequence variation that correlated with a higher vancomycin MIC in Aus0085. Additional phenotype comparisons between ST17 and ST203 isolates showed that while there were no differences in biofilm-formation and killing of Galleria mellonella, ST203 isolates grew significantly faster and out-competed ST17 isolates in growth assays. Conclusions Here we have fully assembled and annotated the first ST203 genome, and then characterized the genomic differences between ST17 and ST203 E. faecium. We also show that ST203 E. faecium are faster growing and can out-compete ST17 E. faecium. While a causal genetic basis for these phenotype differences is not provided here, this study revealed conserved genetic differences between the two clones, differences that can now be tested to explain the molecular basis for the success and emergence of ST203 E. faecium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M C Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gamze Sener A, Kirdar S, Afsar I, Demirci M. Evaluation of three methods for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. World J Transl Med 2013; 2:27-31. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v2.i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate GenoType methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Direct assay and cultivation for the identification of MRSA by using mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the “gold standard” assay.
METHODS: In total of 61 nasal specimens from patients at the intensive care unit were studied by GenoType MRSA Direct test, conventional culture method and automated bacterial identification system. The results of GenoType MRSA Direct assay were compared to conventional culture method the identification of MRSA and mecA gene PCR as the “gold standard” method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.
RESULTS: In total, 61 specimens were studied. Fifty-four specimens (88.5%) were negative by all three methods. Six swabs (9.8%) were found positive by GenoType MRSA Direct test, conventional culture method and automated bacterial identification system. The presence of mecA in these strains was confirmed by PCR. One swab sample was negative for culture methods but MRSA and mecA gene were detected by GenoType MRSA Direct test and mecA PCR respectively. GenoType MRSA Direct test had a sensitivity of 100% (6/6) and a specificity of 100% (55/55), with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 98%. Culture method of MRSA had a sensitivity of 83.3% (5/6) and a specificity of 98.2% (55/56).
CONCLUSION: It was found that the GenoType MRSA Direct assay, which is a rapid and accurate test, is of the same sensitivity and specificity with mecA PCR. The GenoType MRSA Direct assay can be a better tool for rapid and accurate detection of MRSA in diagnostic laboratories.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ, Vos MC, Diederen BMW, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Voss A, Kluytmans JAJW. Dutch guideline on the laboratory detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:89-101. [PMID: 23893016 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has rapidly emerged worldwide, affecting both healthcare and community settings, and intensive livestock industry. The efficient control of MRSA strongly depends on its adequate laboratory detection. This guideline provides recommendations on the appropriate use of currently available diagnostic laboratory methods for the timely and accurate detection of MRSA in patients and healthcare workers. Herewith, it aims to standardise and improve the diagnostic laboratory procedures that are used for the detection of MRSA in Dutch medical microbiology laboratories.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections in health care facilities around the globe. In particular, infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium are becoming increasingly common. Comparative and functional genomic studies of E. faecium isolates have so far been limited owing to the lack of a fully assembled E. faecium genome sequence. Here we address this issue and report the complete 3.0-Mb genome sequence of the multilocus sequence type 17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain Aus0004, isolated from the bloodstream of a patient in Melbourne, Australia, in 1998. The genome comprises a 2.9-Mb circular chromosome and three circular plasmids. The chromosome harbors putative E. faecium virulence factors such as enterococcal surface protein, hemolysin, and collagen-binding adhesin. Aus0004 has a very large accessory genome (38%) that includes three prophage and two genomic islands absent among 22 other E. faecium genomes. One of the prophage was present as inverted 50-kb repeats that appear to have facilitated a 683-kb chromosomal inversion across the replication terminus, resulting in a striking replichore imbalance. Other distinctive features include 76 insertion sequence elements and a single chromosomal copy of Tn1549 containing the vanB vancomycin resistance element. A complete E. faecium genome will be a useful resource to assist our understanding of this emerging nosocomial pathogen.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Ecevit C, Aydogan A, Ornek A, Salman N, Somer A, Hatipoğlu N, Camcioglu Y, Alhan E, Celik U, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Inan D, Kurt N, Oner A, Gulumser O, Gunes A, Coskun Y. Inappropriate antimicrobial use in Turkish pediatric hospitals: A multicenter point prevalence survey. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:1749-1757. [PMID: 19383684 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.026385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which usually inhabit the alimentary tract of humans in addition to being isolated from environmental and animal sources. They are able to survive a range of stresses and hostile environments, including those of extreme temperature (5-65 degrees C), pH (4.5-10.0) and high NaCl concentration, enabling them to colonize a wide range of niches. Virulence factors of enterococci include the extracellular protein Esp and aggregation substances (Agg), both of which aid in colonization of the host. The nosocomial pathogenicity of enterococci has emerged in recent years, as well as increasing resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics. Understanding the ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus species is important for limiting urinary tract infections, hepatobiliary sepsis, endocarditis, surgical wound infection, bacteraemia and neonatal sepsis, and also stemming the further development of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Fisher
- University of Northampton, School of Health, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK
| | - Carol Phillips
- University of Northampton, School of Health, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Acton DS, Plat-Sinnige MJT, van Wamel W, de Groot N, van Belkum A. Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:115-27. [PMID: 18688664 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, including its methicillin-resistant variant (MRSA), finds its primary ecological niche in the human nose, but is also able to colonize the intestines and the perineal region. Intestinal carriage has not been widely investigated despite its potential clinical impact. This review summarizes literature on the topic and sketches the current state of affairs from a microbiological and infectious diseases' perspective. Major findings are that the average reported detection rate of intestinal carriage in healthy individuals and patients is 20% for S. aureus and 9% for MRSA, which is approximately half of that for nasal carriage. Nasal carriage seems to predispose to intestinal carriage, but sole intestinal carriage occurs relatively frequently and is observed in 1 out of 3 intestinal carriers, which provides a rationale to include intestinal screening for surveillance or in outbreak settings. Colonization of the intestinal tract with S. aureus at a young age occurs at a high frequency and may affect the host's immune system. The frequency of intestinal carriage is generally underestimated and may significantly contribute to bacterial dissemination and subsequent risk of infections. Whether intestinal rather than nasal S. aureus carriage is a primary predictor for infections is still ill-defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Acton
- Mucovax B.V., Niels Bohrweg 11-13, 2333, CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|