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Cannon JL, Park GW, Anderson B, Leone C, Chao M, Vinjé J, Fraser AM. Hygienic monitoring in long-term care facilities using ATP, crAssphage, and human noroviruses to direct environmental surface cleaning. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:289-294. [PMID: 35184878 PMCID: PMC8903150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus and C. difficile are associated with diarrheal illnesses and deaths in long-term care (LTC) facilities and can be transmitted by contaminated environmental surfaces. Hygienic monitoring tools such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence and indicators of fecal contamination can help to identify LTC facility surfaces with cleaning deficiencies. METHODS High-touch surfaces in 11 LTC facilities were swabbed and tested for contamination by norovirus, a fecal indicator virus, crAssphage, and ATP which detects organic debris. High levels of contamination were defined as log ATP relative light unit values or crAssphage log genomic copy values in the 75th percentile of values obtained from each facility. RESULTS Over 90% of surfaces tested positive for crAssphage or gave failing ATP scores. Norovirus contamination was not detected. Handrails, equipment controls, and patient beds were 4 times more likely than other surfaces or locations to have high levels of crAssphage. Patient bed handrails and tables and chairs in patient lounges had high levels of both ATP and crAssphage. CONCLUSIONS Surfaces with high levels of ATP and crAssphage were identified. Quantifying levels of contamination longitudinally and before and after cleaning might enhance infection prevention and control procedures for reducing diarrheal illnesses in LTC facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Cannon
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Inc., 600 Peachtree St. NE #1000, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA,Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA,Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA,Correspondence: Jennifer Cannon, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, H18-7, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA,
| | - Geun Woo Park
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Benjamin Anderson
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Cortney Leone
- Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences Department, Clemson University, 206 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC, 29334, USA
| | - Morgan Chao
- Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences Department, Clemson University, 206 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC, 29334, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Angela M. Fraser
- Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences Department, Clemson University, 206 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC, 29334, USA
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Chau JPC, Chien WT, Liu X, Hu Y, Jin Y. Needs assessment and expectations regarding evidence-based practice knowledge acquisition and training activities: A cross-sectional study of healthcare personnel in China. Int J Nurs Sci 2022; 9:100-106. [PMID: 35079611 PMCID: PMC8766779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita Pak Chun Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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