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Ngeow A, Hui C, Chua AWC, Koh M, Ong YS, Poon WB. Challenges in the management of extensive aplasia cutis congenita. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e246627. [PMID: 35165127 PMCID: PMC8845208 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare group of congenital disorders characterised by focal or widespread absence of skin, predominantly affecting the scalp. A Malay female infant was born at 37 weeks with extensive ACC, affecting 37% of total body surface area, including her scalp and trunk. There is no consensus on the management of ACC given the rarity and variable presentation. A multi-disciplinary team comprising neonatologists, paediatric dermatologists, plastic surgeons and medical laboratory scientists at the skin bank, employed a more aggressive surgical approach with the aim of avoiding potentially catastrophic morbidity, including sagittal sinus haemorrhage and brain herniation. Out of several surgical options, the team used a staged artificial dermal matrix (Integra) and cultured epithelial autograft application, followed by regular wound dressing, and eventually allowed the child to achieve complete epithelialisation of her trunk, and most of scalp before she was discharged from hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Ngeow
- Department of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Hui
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Mark Koh
- Department of Dermatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yee Siang Ong
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Woei Bing Poon
- Department of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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2
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Wu Y, Liu J, Luo Q. Isolated aplasia cutis congenita: A report of two cases. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04671. [PMID: 34430025 PMCID: PMC8365854 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital skin dysplasia, especially isolated scalp defects, is difficult to detect prenatally. The prognosis for isolated congenital scalp defects is good. Treatment options include conservative treatment and surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's individual circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyZhejiang University School of Medicine Women's HospitalHangzhou CityChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWomen and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Pediatric Surgery DepartmentWomen and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyZhejiang University School of Medicine Women's HospitalHangzhou CityChina
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Whalen M. Multiple Aplasia Cutis Congenita Lesions of the Scalp: A Case Study. Neonatal Netw 2020; 39:83-91. [PMID: 32317338 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.39.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare condition that presents at birth as an absence of skin that does not usually involve underlying structures. Occurring in 3/10,000 live births, ACC is evenly distributed between males and females; the risk of ACC increases to 7 percent in consanguineous marriages. Up to 86 percent of lesions are found on the scalp in the midline vertex position. Lesions can also be found on the trunk and limbs, as with Adams-Oliver syndrome or accompanying epidermolysis bullosa. ACC is associated with chromosomal abnormalities and 35-50 percent of the time with trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). This case study presents an infant with multiple ACC lesions of the scalp. The pathophysiology, treatment, potential long-term complications, and nursing considerations are discussed.
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An Aplasia Cutis Congenita: Suggestion of Management Algorithm. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2493-2496. [PMID: 31609940 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a child is born with Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), it is important for the surgeon to decide promptly whether to perform early surgical intervention, or proceed with conservative care. Several patients of ACC have been reported in which various treatments have attempted. However, the criteria of treatment remain controversial. In this study, the authors present an algorithm and the literature review to assist with objective decisions during ACC management. METHODS A total of 4 cases of infants born with ACC were referred to our department between January 2017 and April 2019. Conservative care was to be considered a first choice of management. RESULTS The ACC lesions were presented in the scalp vertex area in all 4 infants with the intact dura mater. There was no large vein exposure or sagittal sinus exposure in all infants. All 4 infants were managed with conservative care, which immediately resulted in complete healing of the defects without any complications. CONCLUSIONS Rapid decision-making is required whether or not the patient requires emergency surgical coverage. Even extensive defects may be healed by conservative care alone, if the dura mater is intact and accompanying large vein or sagittal sinus exposure is not identified.
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Kojmane W, Hmami F, Atmani S. [Adams-Oliver syndrome and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:223-225. [PMID: 30638685 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a congenital condition characterized by congenital aplasia cutis and transverse limb defects. Herein we report a case of an infant with severe intra-uterine growth restriction presenting AOS associated with cutis marmorata telangiectatica but with no other organ complications. The outcome was complicated by hemorrhagic and septic shock, which resulted in the death of the infant in a setting of multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kojmane
- Service de néonatologie et réanimation néonatale, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc.
| | - F Hmami
- Service de néonatologie et réanimation néonatale, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
| | - S Atmani
- Service de néonatologie et réanimation néonatale, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
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Blionas A, Giakoumettis D, Antoniades E, Drosos E, Mitsios A, Plakas S, Sfakianos G, Themistocleous MS. Aplasia cutis congenita: Two case reports and discussion of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:273. [PMID: 29204308 PMCID: PMC5691551 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_188_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a part of a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the congenital absence of epidermis, dermis, and in some cases, subcutaneous tissues or bone usually involving the scalp vertex. There is an estimated incidence of 3 in 10,000 births resulting in a total number of 500 reported cases to date. The lesions may occur on every body surface although localized scalp lesions form the most frequent pattern (70%). Complete aplasia involving bone defects occurs in approximately 20% of cases. ACC can occur as an isolated defect or can be associated with a number of other congenital anomalies such as limb anomalies or embryologic malformations. In patients with large scalp and skull defects, there is increased risk of infection and bleeding along with increased mortality and therefore prompt and effective management is advised. Case Description: We describe two cases of ACC, involving a 4 × 3 cm defect managed conservatively and a larger 10 × 5 cm defect managed surgically with the use of a temporo-occipital scalp flap. Both cases had an excellent outcome. Conclusions: Multiple treatment regimens exist for ACC, but there is no consensus on treatment strategies. Conservative treatment has been described and advocated, but many authors have emphasized the disadvantages of this treatment modality. Decision between conservative and surgical management must be individualized according to lesion size and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Blionas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepieion Hospital of Voula, Voula, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoumettis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, "Evangelismos" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Antoniades
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Thessaloniki Medical School, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, "Evangelismos" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital "Agia Sofia", Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Plakas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Georgios Sfakianos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital "Agia Sofia", Athens, Greece
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Pérez-García C, Martín YR, Del Hoyo AA, Rodríguez CM, Domínguez MC. Adams-Oliver Syndrome with Unusual Central Nervous System Findings and an Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Pediatr Rep 2017; 9:7211. [PMID: 28706620 PMCID: PMC5494440 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2017.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a premature neonate girl with scalp and skull defects and brachydactyly of the feet consistent with an Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The patient had central nervous system abnormalities, such as periventricular calcifications, hypoplastic corpus callosum, and bilateral hemispheric corticosubcortical hemorrhagic lesions. A muscular ventricular septal defect and a portosystemic shunt were diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital supratentorial grey-white matter junction lesions without dural sinus thrombosis in association with AOS. Some of these lesions may be secondary to birth trauma (given the skull defect) whilst others have a watershed location, perhaps as further evidence of vascular disruption and decreased perfusion during critical periods of fetal brain development as the previously proposed pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-García
- Department of Radiology, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Yolanda Ruíz Martín
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Marín Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minia Campos Domínguez
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Hassed S, Li S, Mulvihill J, Aston C, Palmer S. Adams-Oliver syndrome review of the literature: Refining the diagnostic phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:790-800. [PMID: 28160419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is defined as aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) with transverse terminal limb defects (TTLD). Frequencies of associated anomalies are not well characterized. Six causative genes have been identified: ARHGAP31, DOCK6, EOGT, RBPJ, NOTCH1, and DLL4. We review 385 previously described individuals (139 non-familial and 246 familial probands and family members) and add clinical data on 13 previously unreported individuals with AOS. In addition to ACC and TTLD, the most commonly associated anomalies included a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and congenital heart defects each seen in 23%. CNS anomalies included structural anomalies, microcephaly, vascular defects, and vascular sequelae. CNS migration defects were common. Cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita (CMTC) was found in 19% of the study population and other vascular anomalies were seen in 14%. Hemorrhage was listed as the cause of death for five of 25 deaths reported. A relatively large number of non-familial probands were reported to have hepatoportal sclerosis with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Non-familial probands were more likely to have additional anomalies than were familial probands. The data reported herein provide a basis for refining the diagnostic features of AOS and suggest management recommendations for probands newly diagnosed with AOS. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hassed
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shibo Li
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John Mulvihill
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Christopher Aston
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Susan Palmer
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Belkhou A, François C, Bennis Y, Duquennoy-Martinot V, Guerreschi P. Aplasia cutis congenita : mise au point et prise en charge. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2016; 61:450-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Southgate L. Letter regarding "Distal Limb Defects and Aplasia Cutis: Adams-Oliver Syndrome". J Hand Surg Am 2016; 41:e327. [PMID: 27402369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Southgate
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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