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Ishimaru S, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Shima S, Ueda A, Watanabe H, Mutoh T, Yoshikawa T. Detection of human herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluids collected from patients suspected of neuroinfectious diseases. J Neurovirol 2021; 28:92-98. [PMID: 34970721 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The full spectrum of human herpesviruses (HHV)-associated neuroinfectious diseases in immunocompetent adults remains unclear. Hence, we sought to elucidate the epidemiology and clinical features of these diseases. The study subjects were patients over 16 years old suspected of neuroinfectious diseases who underwent spinal tap performed by neurologists in our university hospital between April 2013 and March 2018. The presence of seven HHV DNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by real-time PCR. HHV DNAs were detected in 33 (10.2%) of the 322 patients. The most frequently detected herpesvirus was varicella zoster virus (VZV) (19 patients), followed by HHV-6 (four patients), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 (three patients), HSV-2 (three patients), and Epstein-Barr virus (two patients). HHV DNAs were detected in CSF collected from patients with various neuroinfectious diseases, including myelitis, peripheral neuritis, encephalitis, and meningitis. All patients with HSV-1 DNA had encephalitis, whereas all patients with HSV-2 DNA had meningitis. Eleven of the 19 patients with VZV DNA had meningitis. Patients with VZV-associated encephalitis (median age, 80 years) were significantly older than non-encephalitis patients (median age, 60.5 years) (P = 0.046). Although post-herpetic neuralgia was observed in seven (54%) of the 13 patients with VZV and without encephalitis, no such neurological sequela was observed in the four encephalitis patients. In conclusion, HHVs were associated with approximately 10% of neuroinfectious diseases in this cohort. VZV was the most common pathogen, probably due to the large number of VZV meningitis patients. In addition, patients with VZV-associated meningitis were significantly younger than patients with VZV-associated encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ishimaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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HHV-6-Associated Neurological Disease in Children: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Considerations. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 105:10-20. [PMID: 31932119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B, often referred to collectively as human herpesvirus 6, are a pair of beta-herpesviruses known to cause a variety of clinical syndromes in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Most humans are infected with human herpesvirus 6B, and many with human herpesvirus 6A. Primary infection typically occurs in early childhood, although large-scale reviews on the topic are limited. Herein, the authors explore the clinical manifestations of human herpesvirus 6-associated disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised pediatric patients, the risk factors for development of human herpesvirus 6-associated neurological disease, the risk of autoimmunity associated with development of active or latent infection, the relevance of human herpesvirus 6-specific diagnostic tests, and the medications used to treat human herpesvirus 6. The goal of this review is to improve the current understanding of human herpesvirus 6 in pediatric populations and to examine the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in this disease state.
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Kawamura Y, Ohye T, Miura H, Ihira M, Kato Y, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Analysis of the origin of inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1823-1830. [PMID: 28699856 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of the complete human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) genome into the telomere of a chromosome has been reported in some individuals (inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6; iciHHV-6). Since the proportion of iciHHV-6-positive individuals with integration in chromosome 22 is high in Japan, we hypothesized a founder effect. In this study, we sought to elucidate the reason for the high proportion of viral integrations into chromosome 22. We analyzed six cases of iciHHV-6A and two cases of iciHHV-6B, including one iciHHV-6A case with a matched sample from a father and one iciHHV-6B case with a matched sample from a mother. In iciHHV-6A, the same copy numbers of viral telomeric repeat sequences (TRS) and the same five microsatellite markers were detected in both the index case and paternal sample. Moreover, the same five microsatellite markers were demonstrated in four cases and the same copy numbers of viral TRS were demonstrated in two pairs of two cases. The present microsatellite analysis suggested that the viral genomes detected in some iciHHV-6A patients were derived from a common ancestral integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.,Present address: Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1090340 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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