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Zhang C, Hu W, Ma Y, Li L, Si Y, Zhang S. Seroepidemiology of Tetanus among Healthy People Aged 1-59 Years Old in Shaanxi Province, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111806. [PMID: 36366315 PMCID: PMC9698734 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against tetanus among healthy people aged 1−59 years old in Shaanxi province. IgG against tetanus in serum samples were detected by ELISA. 6,439 subjects were enrolled. The positive rate (≥0.01 IU/mL) was 84.39% and GMC was 0.03 IU/mL. There were significant differences in positive rates (χ2 = 308.944, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 5,200,000, p < 0.01) among different age groups. The positive rates (χ2 = 304.3, p < 0.01) and GMCs (χ2 = 146.417, p < 0.01) showed regional differences. Both full protection rate (≥0.1 IU/mL) (χ2 = 36.834, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 688,000, p < 0.01) increased with the doses of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs) administered. The positive rate (χ2 = 54.136, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 140,200, p < 0.01) decreased gradually with the time interval after full immunization with TTCVs. The full protection rate (≥0.1 IU/mL) (χ2 = 176.201, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 629,900, p < 0.01) decreased with the interval (years) since the last dose of TTCVs. There were significant differences in the positive rates and GMCs for different ages, regions, immunization histories of TTCVs, and doses of TTCVs administered. The full protection rate and GMC decreased with the interval following full immunization with TTCVs and the interval since the last dose of TTCVs. The importance of using tetanus booster doses should be emphasized in adolescents and adults.
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What is the true burden of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliovirus in children aged 3–18 in Asia? A systematic literature review. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:116-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Choi UY, Kim KH, Lee J, Eun BW, Kim HM, Lee KY, Kim DH, Ma SH, Lee J, Kim JH. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Newly Developed Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoid (Td) in Healthy Korean Adolescents: a Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-Controlled Phase 3 Trial. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e313. [PMID: 34931494 PMCID: PMC8688341 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the combination tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) is recommended at adolescence in developed countries, the tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccine (Td), which is less costly, is recommended instead in some parts of the world. A new Td, BR-TD-1001, was developed by a Korean manufacturer for distribution to endemic regions and for use in the initial step of novel Tdap development. METHODS This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multi-center trial, conducted in Korea, aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of BR-TD-1001. Healthy children aged 10 to 12 years were randomized 1:1 to receive either BR-TD-1001 or the control Td (Td-pur, GlaxoSmithKline). Antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 218 subjects (BR-TD-1001, n = 108; control, n = 110) were enrolled and included in the safety analysis. Vaccine-mediated antibody responses were similar in both groups. We confirmed the non-inferiority of BR-TD-1001 against the control, Td; 100% of both groups achieved seroprotection against diphtheria and tetanus. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of participants who demonstrated boost responses against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. The incidence of solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs), unsolicited AEs, and serious AEs did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION The BR-TD-1001 satisfied the immunological non-inferiority criterion against diphtheria and tetanus, with a clinically acceptable safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04618939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Wook Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Bae S, Go M, Kim Y, Hwang S, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Jung SI, Chang HH. Clinical outcomes and healthcare costs of inpatients with tetanus in Korea, 2011-2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 33750329 PMCID: PMC7940866 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetanus is a rare, vaccine-preventable but extremely serious disease. We investigated the recent trend of the clinical outcomes and medical costs for inpatients with tetanus in South Korea over 10 years. Methods We conducted a retrospective review to determine the clinical factors and medical costs associated with tetanus at two national university hospitals in South Korea between January 2011 and October 2019. Results Forty-nine patients were admitted for tetanus (mean age, 67.0 years [range, 53.0–80.0 years]; 32 women [57.1%]). All the patients had generalized tetanus, and 5 (10.2%) died during hospitalization. The median duration from symptom onset to hospital admission was 4 days. Trismus (85.7%) was the most common symptom, and the median hospital stay was 39 days. Thirty-two patients (65.3%) required mechanical ventilation, and 20 (40.8%) developed aspiration pneumonia. The median total healthcare cost per patient was US $18,011. After discharge, 35 patients (71.4%) recovered sufficiently to walk without disability. Conclusions Tetanus requires long hospital stays and high medical expenditures in South Korea; however, the vaccination completion rate is low. Medical staff should therefore promote medical advice and policies on the management of tetanus to the general South Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Bae
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Minsik Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Soyoon Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Du J, Zheng W, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang J, Che X, Gu W, Jiang W. Seroepidemiology of tetanus in Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2670-2676. [DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1738170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xu
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Du
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinren Che
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Imunoprevention institute, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Lee J, Choi JH, Wie SH, Park SH, Choi SM, Lee MS, Kim TH, Lee HJ, Kang JH. A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of GC1107 (Adult Tetanus Diphtheria Vaccine) in Healthy Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e31. [PMID: 30686952 PMCID: PMC6345633 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and safety of GC1107 (adult tetanus diphtheria [Td] vaccine). The primary goal was to evaluate the non-inferiority of the immunogenicity of GC1107 compared to the control vaccine. Additionally, the safety profiles of GC1107 and the control vaccine were compared. METHODS The subjects were adults ≥ 18 years old who were not injected with Td or adult tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (TdaP) vaccine within the recent 5 years. A total of 253 subjects were enrolled and randomized to either the GC1107 group or the control group. For immunogenicity assessment, blood samples were collected at baseline and 28 days after vaccination and antibody titer of diphtheria and tetanus were assessed. RESULTS The seroprotection rates of diphtheria and tetanus were 89.76% and 91.34%, respectively, in the GC1107 group, and 87.80% and 86.99% in the control group. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the anti-diphtheria antibody increased after vaccination in both groups, showing no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.139). The anti-tetanus GMTs after vaccination also showed comparable increases in both groups, and showed no significant difference (P = 0.860). In the safety evaluation, solicited local adverse reactions occurred in 81.2% of the subjects in the GC1107 group and in 86.4% of the subjects in the control group. Solicited systemic adverse events occurred in 33.2% of the subjects in the GC1107 group and in 47.2% of the subjects in the control group, which did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION This phase III study demonstrated non-inferiority in immunogenicity and comparable safety of GC1107 compared with the control Td vaccine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02361866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Heon Wie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyong Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hosptial, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Sahan S, Demirbilek Y, Sonmez C, Temel F, Sencan I. Epidemiological Study of Tetanus Seropositivity Levels in Different Age Groups in Ankara Province, Turkey, 2017. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 72:14-18. [PMID: 30175733 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the seropositivity levels of tetanus vaccine by age group in Ankara province, identify possible factors that affect immune status, and develop public health recommendations, especially for those 50 years and older. This cross-sectional epidemiological study covered individuals aged 3 years and older who are registered in the Family Medicine Information System. We received blood samples from 992 individuals and included 968 surveys in the analysis. Protective tetanus antibody levels were 80.5% in the 3-5 years age group, 92.0% in the 6-12 years age group, 94.3% in the 13-20 years age group, 95.2% in the 21-39 years age group, 84.4% in the 40-49 years age group, and 57.3% in the 50 years and older age group. Tetanus seropositivity decreased with age. Awareness of the importance of tetanus vaccine boosters for adults should be increased by providing training, ensuring booster vaccination against tetanus at 10-year intervals, and if necessary, considering mandatory tetanus vaccination for those 50 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Sahan
- Department of Health Threats Early Warning and Response, General Directorate of Public Health
| | - Yasemin Demirbilek
- Department of Health Threats Early Warning and Response, General Directorate of Public Health
| | - Cemile Sonmez
- Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, General Directorate of Public Health
| | - Fehminaz Temel
- Department of Health Threats Early Warning and Response, General Directorate of Public Health
| | - Irfan Sencan
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic, Health Sciences University
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Lee HJ, Choi JH. Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination for adults: an update. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2017; 6:22-30. [PMID: 28168170 PMCID: PMC5292353 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tetanus and diphtheria have become rare in developed countries, pertussis is still endemic in some developed countries. These are vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination for adults is important to prevent the outbreak of disease. Strategies for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines vary from country to country. Each country needs to monitor consistently epidemiology of the diseases and changes vaccination policies accordingly. Recent studies showed that tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine for adults is effective and safe to prevent pertussis disease in infants. However, vaccine coverage still remains low than expected and seroprevalence of protective antibodies levels for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis decline with aging. The importance of tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine administration should be emphasized for the protection of young adult and elderly people also, not limited to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Afzali H, Sharif MR, Mousavi S. Determination of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Trauma Patients Referred To Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, 2014. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2015; 4:e30687. [PMID: 26566514 PMCID: PMC4636856 DOI: 10.5812/atr.30687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a noticeable difference in serologic immune status against tetanus among different age and social groups in various countries due to different national vaccination policies and methods. OBJECTIVES Considering that the immunization status of trauma patients against tetanus is not-known or uncertain and they may need to receive the vaccine and tetabulin, this study was conducted to determine the tetanus antibody levels in patients referred to the trauma emergency ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan City, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 204 trauma patients referred to the trauma emergency ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan City, Iran, in 2014. After obtaining a written informed consent from the patients, a questionnaire consisted of demographic information and tetanus vaccination record was completed by the patients. Afterwards, a 4 - 5 mL venous blood sample was taken from each patient and the tetanus antibody level (IgG) was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The tetanus antibody levels equal or more than 0.1 IU/mL were considered protective. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA with SPSS software version 16. RESULTS From a total of 204 patients, 35 cases (16.7%) were females and 169 (83.2%) were males with the mean age of 40.9 ± 3.7 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the tetanus antibody levels between both sexes (P = 0.09). Moreover, there was no significant difference in immunization status between the patients who had a history of tetanus vaccination and those who had not received the vaccine before (P = 0.67). The antibody levels were significantly reduced with the passage of time since the last vaccination (P < 0.001). Also, 87.3% of the patients had the high protective level of immunity to tetanus. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study show a high level of tetanus antibody among trauma patients in this hospital; so, taking the tetanus vaccine history can be misleading. It is suggested that further studies be performed in different regions of our country and with larger sample sizes and detection of the immunization status of patients by measuring anti-tetanus antibody levels among trauma patients is recommended to make suitable policy for a national vaccine protocol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Afzali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Sharif, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-3155620634, E-mail:
| | - Shamsaddin Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Han SB, Rhim JW, Shin HJ, Kim SY, Kim JH, Kim HH, Lee KY, Kim HM, Choi YY, Ma SH, Kim CS, Kim DH, Ahn DH, Kang JH. Immunogenicity and safety of the new reduced-dose tetanus-diphtheria vaccine in healthy Korean adolescents: A comparative active control, double-blind, randomized, multicenter phase III study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2015; 50:207-213. [PMID: 26055693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE A new reduced-dose tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine was developed in Korea, and phase I and II clinical trials were successfully undertaken. We conducted this double-blind, randomized, multicenter phase III clinical trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the new Td vaccine. METHODS Healthy adolescents 11-12 years of age were enrolled and randomized to receive the new Td vaccine (study group) or a commercially available Td vaccine (control group). Blood samples were collected prior to and 4 weeks after the vaccination. Between the study and control groups, seroprotection rate, booster response, and geometric mean titer of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were compared after the vaccination. All solicited and unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events during the 6-week study period were monitored. RESULTS A total of 164 adolescents received vaccination, and 156 of them were evaluated to assess immunogenicity. The seroprotection rate and geometric mean titer for antibodies against diphtheria were significantly higher in the study group, whereas those against tetanus were significantly higher in the control group. However, all seroprotection rates against diphtheria and tetanus in the study and control groups were high: 100% against diphtheria and tetanus in the study group, and 98.7% against diphtheria and 100% against tetanus in the control group. No significant differences in the frequency of solicited and unsolicited adverse events were observed between the two vaccine groups. CONCLUSION The new Td vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe, and this new Td vaccine can be effectively used for preventing diphtheria and tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Rhim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jo Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Youn Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Ahn
- Research Center, Green Cross Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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