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Shahi I, Dongas SA, Ilmain JK, Torres VJ, Ratner AJ. Characterization of tigurilysin, a novel human CD59-specific cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, reveals a role for host specificity in augmenting toxin activity. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001393. [PMID: 37702594 PMCID: PMC10569062 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore-forming toxins, produced by numerous Gram-positive pathogens. CDCs depend on host membrane cholesterol for pore formation; some CDCs also require surface-associated human CD59 (hCD59) for binding, conferring specificity for human cells. We purified a recombinant version of a putative CDC encoded in the genome of Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus, tigurilysin (TGY), and used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct hCD59 knockout (KO) HeLa and JEG-3 cell lines. Cell viability assays with TGY on wild-type and hCD59 KO cells showed that TGY is a hCD59-dependent CDC. Two variants of TGY exist among S. oralis subsp. tigurinus genomes, only one of which is functional. We discovered that a single amino acid change between these two TGY variants determines its activity. Flow cytometry and oligomerization Western blots revealed that the single amino acid difference between the two TGY isoforms disrupts host cell binding and oligomerization. Furthermore, experiments with hCD59 KO cells and cholesterol-depleted cells demonstrated that TGY is fully dependent on both hCD59 and cholesterol for activity, unlike other known hCD59-dependent CDCs. Using full-length CDCs and toxin constructs differing only in the binding domain, we determined that having hCD59 dependence leads to increased lysis efficiency, conferring a potential advantage to organisms producing hCD59-dependent CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia A. Dongas
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana K. Ilmain
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Shahi I, Dongas SA, Ilmain JK, Torres VJ, Ratner AJ. Characterization of Tigurilysin, a Novel Human CD59-Specific Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin, Reveals a Role for Host Specificity in Augmenting Toxin Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.21.545930. [PMID: 37546867 PMCID: PMC10401958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore forming toxins, produced by numerous gram-positive pathogens. CDCs depend on host membrane cholesterol for pore formation; some CDCs also require surface associated human CD59 (hCD59) for binding, conferring specificity for human cells. We purified a recombinant version of a putative CDC encoded in the genome of Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus , tigurilysin (TGY), and used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct hCD59 knockout (KO) HeLa and JEG-3 cell lines. Cell viability assays with TGY on WT and hCD59 KO cells showed that TGY is a hCD59-dependent CDC. Two variants of TGY exist among S. oralis subsp. tigurinus genomes, only one of which is functional. We discovered that a single amino acid change between these two TGY variants determines its activity. Flow cytometry and oligomerization western blots revealed that the single amino acid difference between the two TGY isoforms disrupts host cell binding and oligomerization. Furthermore, experiments with hCD59 KO cells and cholesterol depleted cells demonstrated that TGY is fully dependent on both hCD59 and cholesterol for activity, unlike other known hCD59-dependent CDCs. Using full-length CDCs and toxin constructs differing only in the binding domain, we determined that having hCD59-dependence leads to increased lysis efficiency, conferring a potential advantage to organisms producing hCD59-dependent CDCs. IMPORTANCE Cholesterol dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are produced by a variety of disease-causing bacteria, and may play a significant role in pathogenesis. Understanding CDC mechanisms of action provides useful information for developing anti-virulence strategies against bacteria that utilize CDCs and other pore-forming toxins in pathogenesis. This study describes for the first time a novel human-specific CDC with an atypical pore forming mechanism compared to known CDCs. In addition, this study demonstrates that human-specificity potentially confers increased lytic efficiency to CDCs. These data provide a possible explanation for the selective advantage of developing hCD59-dependency in CDCs and the consequent host restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shahi
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
| | - Sophia A. Dongas
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
| | - Juliana K. Ilmain
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
| | - Victor J. Torres
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY
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3
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Conrads G, Barth S, Möckel M, Lenz L, van der Linden M, Henne K. Streptococcus tigurinus is frequent among gtfR-negative Streptococcus oralis isolates and in the human oral cavity, but highly virulent strains are uncommon. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1307079. [PMID: 28473881 PMCID: PMC5405715 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1307079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a new member of the Mitis group and is associated with infective endocarditis. Low and high virulent variants have been described. A search was made in the national reference collection of endocarditis isolates for S. tigurinus–like strains by sequencing housekeeping genes (16S rRNA-gene, gdh, groEL, sodA). The strains were further profiled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a choice of virulence genes (rib-like, cshA-like, gtfR, int, pitA, hylA). To study the prevalence and abundance of S. tigurinus in the saliva and on the mucosal membranes of 35 healthy adults, PCRs detecting two variants of the 16S operon and virulence genes were applied. Among the endocarditis isolates, eight strains (all gtfR-negative and former S. oralis) holding the specific S. tigurinus 16S motif were found, but the pattern of genes related to high virulence found in the S. tigurinus type strain could not be detected in any of these strains. A close phylogenetic proximity between S. tigurinus and S. oralis was observed, with intersectional hybrid strains formed. This was supported by concatenated housekeeping sequences, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, pathogenomic profiling, and multidimensional scaling. In the oral samples, S. tigurinus could be detected frequently, especially in the most common operon variant, but none of the type strain–related virulence factors were found. Low virulent S. tigurinus–like strains can be found frequently and in high prevalence (66%) and abundance (12.5%) in the oral cavity of healthy adults. In strain collections, they are among the formerly known gtfR-negative S. oralis. Highly virulent strains seem to be uncommon. Though closely related, S. oralis and S. tigurinus can be separated by the presence or absence of gtfR and dextran production. Hybrids of both species can be found. The variable arsenal of virulence genes found in this study emphasizes the genetic plasticity of Mitis group streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Barth
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maureen Möckel
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Lenz
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Streptococci, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Munson E, Carroll KC. What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:24-42. [PMID: 27795334 PMCID: PMC5228236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Kim B, Huh HJ, Chung DR, Kim WS, Ki CS, Lee NY. The first case of concurrent infective endocarditis and spondylitis caused by Streptococcus tigurinus. Ann Lab Med 2016; 35:654-6. [PMID: 26354358 PMCID: PMC4579114 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.6.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Borahm Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Sung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Diene SM, François P, Zbinden A, Entenza JM, Resch G. Comparative Genomics Analysis of Streptococcus tigurinus Strains Identifies Genetic Elements Specifically and Uniquely Present in Highly Virulent Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160554. [PMID: 27505001 PMCID: PMC4978470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is responsible for severe invasive infections such as infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. As described, S. tigurinus isolates AZ_3aT and AZ_14 were highly virulent (HV phenotype) in an experimental model of infective endocarditis and showed enhanced adherence and invasion of human endothelial cells when compared to low virulent S. tigurinus isolate AZ_8 (LV phenotype). Here, we sought whether genetic determinants could explain the higher virulence of AZ_3aT and AZ_14 isolates. Several genetic determinants specific to the HV strains were identified through extensive comparative genomics amongst which some were thought to be highly relevant for the observed HV phenotype. These included i) an iron uptake and metabolism operon, ii) an ascorbate assimilation operon, iii) a newly acquired PI-2-like pilus islets described for the first time in S. tigurinus, iv) a hyaluronate metabolism operon, v) an Entner-Doudoroff pathway of carbohydrates metabolism, and vi) an alternate pathways for indole biosynthesis. We believe that the identified genomic features could largely explain the phenotype of high infectivity of the two HV S. tigurinus strains. Indeed, these features include determinants that could be involved at different stages of the disease such as survival of S. tigurinus in blood (iron uptake and ascorbate metabolism operons), initial attachment of bacterial pathogen to the damaged cardiac tissue and/or vegetation that formed on site (PI-2-like pilus islets), tissue invasion (hyaluronate operon and Entner-Doudoroff pathway) and regulation of pathogenicity (indole biosynthesis pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydina M. Diene
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Manuel Entenza
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hirai J, Sakanashi D, Hagihara M, Haranaga S, Uechi K, Kato H, Hamada H, Nishiyama N, Koizumi Y, Suematsu H, Yamagishi Y, Fujita J, Mikamo H. Bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus: A case report and literature review. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:762-766. [PMID: 27460295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene sequence analysis methods, including 16S rRNA identification, allows accurate identification of Streptococcus species, which include phenotypically closely related species that are difficult to differentiate using conventional chemical methods. We report a case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus, identified by 16S rRNA, in a 72-year-old woman with gastrointestinal cancer and ascites. She was hospitalized to undergo elective tumor-related surgery. Five days prior to undergoing surgery, she developed a fever with no obvious source of infection. Blood cultures identified gram-positive cocci. The patient's bacteremia was initially thought to be caused by an Enterococcus species, given her underlying gastrointestinal disease. However, alpha-hemolytic, mucoid, circular colonies were observed on sheep blood agar the following day. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical testing suggested Streptococcus pneumoniae, we conducted further investigation to identify the bacterium, as the patient had no symptoms of infections usually related with S. pneumoniae such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sinusitis, and the bacteremia occurred 30 days after hospitalization. Finally, the gram-positive cocci were identified as S. tigurinus, assigned to the Streptococcus mitis group in 2012. Although the origin of infection was unclear, it was suspected that peritonitis or bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract caused the bacteremia. This novel species was recently reported as being extremely pathogenic and different from other Streptococcus species. It has been reported to occur in cases of infectious endocarditis and bacteremia. In this article, we reviewed previous reports of S. tigurinus infection and summarized the clinical and pathogenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shusaku Haranaga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Kohei Uechi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishiyama
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan.
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Peuchant O, Wirth G, Tixier R, Dijos M, Camou F, Greib C, Mégraud F, Ménard A. Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus tigurinus-like organisms. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 13:51-3. [PMID: 27408744 PMCID: PMC4932624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus species are important causes of infective endocarditis but species identification remains challenging. We report two cases of infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus tigurinus-like organisms, which were first identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and subsequently confirmed using phylogeny based on the analysis of the shetA gene encoding exfoliative toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Peuchant
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; INRA, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France
| | - G Wirth
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, France
| | - R Tixier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Cardiologie, France
| | - M Dijos
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Cardiologie, France
| | - F Camou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Réanimation Médicale, France
| | - C Greib
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, France
| | - F Mégraud
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France; INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Ménard
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France; INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France
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Advantages and Limitations of Direct PCR Amplification of Bacterial 16S-rDNA from Resected Heart Tissue or Swabs Followed by Direct Sequencing for Diagnosing Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Analysis in the Routine Clinical Setting. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7923874. [PMID: 27110570 PMCID: PMC4823489 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7923874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its long-term prognosis strongly depends on a timely and optimized antibiotic treatment. Therefore, identification of the causative pathogen is crucial and currently based on blood cultures followed by characterization and susceptibility testing of the isolate. However, antibiotic treatment starting prior to blood sampling or IE caused by fastidious or intracellular microorganisms may cause negative culture results. Here we investigate the additional diagnostic value of broad-range PCR in combination with direct sequencing on resected heart tissue or swabs in patients with tissue or swab culture-negative IE in a routine clinical setting. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of broad-range PCR from diagnostic material in our patients were 33.3%, 76.9%, 90.9%, and 14.3%, respectively. We identified a total of 20 patients (21.5%) with tissue or culture-negative IE who profited by the additional application of broad-range PCR. We conclude that broad-range PCR on resected heart tissue or swabs is an important complementary diagnostic approach. It should be seen as an indispensable new tool for both the therapeutic and diagnostic management of culture-negative IE and we thus propose its possible inclusion in Duke's diagnostic classification scheme.
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10
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Clinical Significance and Characterization of Streptococcus tigurinus Isolates in an Adult Population. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3574-9. [PMID: 26354809 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01551-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a newly described member of the Streptococcus mitis group. Due to the difficulty in distinguishing viridans group streptococci (VGS) by phenotype, analysis of 16S rRNA sequences is necessary for the accurate identification of most species. Through a laboratory policy of analyzing all clinically significant isolates from the VGS group by16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified 14 S. tigurinus isolates from 11 patients. The Vitek 2 system most commonly gave an excellent rating to an incorrect identification (e.g., Streptococcus mitis), as did matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (e.g., Streptococcus oralis). S. tigurinus strains were recovered from numerous body sites, including the blood, peritoneal fluid, bone, synovial fluid, a perianal abscess, and an arm wound. Retrospective chart review indicated that most isolates were clinically significant, with bacteremia (n = 5), soft tissue infections (n = 3) osteomyelitis (n = 2), infected joint prosthesis (n = 2), and peritonitis (n = 2) being the most common, thus expanding the spectrum of disease associated with S. tigurinus.
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11
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Michelena A, Bonavila C, Zubeltzu B, Goenaga MA. [Endocarditis due to Streptococcus tigurinus: presentation of a case and a review of the literature]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:575-6. [PMID: 25701056 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Michelena
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.
| | - Claudia Bonavila
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Beñat Zubeltzu
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Miguel Angel Goenaga
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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