Mild forms of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-mediated exanthematous disease related to Staphylococcus aureus infection

Chronological changes in strawberry tongue in toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-mediated Exanthematous Disease

Strawberry tongue is a useful diagnostic feature in various diseases such as Kawasaki disease, TSS, scarlet fever, and group A streptococcal pharyngitis. In this article, we report chronological changes in strawberry tongue in TSST-1-mediated exanthematous disease.

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome: case report and systematic review of the literature

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a life-threatening disease caused by superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Incidence ranges from 0·03 to 0·50 cases per 100 000 people, with overall mortality around 8%. In this Grand Round, we present the case of a previously healthy 23-year-old menstruating woman who was diagnosed with mTSS after she presented at our hospital with a septic condition for the second time. The diagnosis was confirmed by fulfilment of the clinical criteria outlined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; fever, rash, desquamation, hypotension, and multi-system involvement) as well as a nasal swab positive for the S aureus strain and presence of the gene encoding for toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). In the early 1980s, when mTSS was first described, use of tampons was considered the main risk factor. Today, the complex interplay between pathogenic factors of S aureus, immunological mechanisms of the host, and changes in the vaginal ecosystem during menstruation has broadened current understanding of the disease, and the CDC criteria have appreciable limitations in everyday clinical practice.

Intense, flu-like symptoms in women using menstrual devices: always think of staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is an exceptionally rare, toxin-induced, life-threatening, clinical entity that has largely been associated with the use of tampons and other menstrual devices. We, here, report a case of menstrual TSS in a young, female patient who was successfully treated in our hospital. The patient was vaginally colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the possible interactions between the two are discussed. An account of all the essential facts that physicians should be aware of with regard to TSS is subsequently included.