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Reis CLB, Campelo TA, Frota CC, Ayala AP, Silva LMA, Rocha MVP, Santiago-Aguiar RSD. The use of green protic ionic liquids in the crystallization of isoniazid: Evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties of drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 201:114345. [PMID: 38823540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the synthesis of protic ionic liquids (PILs), 2-hydroxy ethylammonium formate (2-HEAF) and 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), and their applicability in the crystallization process of the active pharmaceutical ingredient isoniazid (INH) as anti-solvent. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis infections, being used as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Futhermore, this investigation was conducted in order to evaluate how these PILs can influence the habit, solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficiency of the obtained isoniazid crystals. The 2-HEAF and 2-HEAA PILs were easily formed in reactions between ethanolamine and carboxylic acids (formic or acetic acid), and they have no toxicity against Artemia salina. The PILs were able to crystallize isoniazid, influencing the crystal habit and size. The greatest variations in the hydrogen signals of the NH2 and NH groups of the amine and low variations in the chemical shifts of the hydrogens of the cation of the ethanolamine group from 2-HEAA and 2-HEAF indicate that PILs establish possibly weak interactions with INH. The obtained crystals were amorphous and showed higher solubility in water than standard INH. Moreover, these crystals showed therapeutic efficiency inantimycobacterial activity to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The INH:2-HEAF only degraded 5.1 % (w/w), however, INH:2-HEAA degraded 32.8 % (w/w) after 60 days in an accelerated atmosphere. Then, the 2-HEAA and 2-HEAF were able to crystallize isoniazid, being a new application for these PILs. The used PILs also influenced the characteristics of isoniazid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luzia Borges Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60440-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thales Alves Campelo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St., 949, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cunha Frota
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St., 949, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Pedro Ayala
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave., Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60440-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Helal MH, Owda ME, Mogharbel AT, Hamzah Alessa A, Omer N, Abdelaziz MA, Ibrahim I, Eliwa EM. C 3-Spirooxindoles: Divergent chemical synthesis and bioactivities (2018-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107091. [PMID: 38183683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This scientific review documents the recent progress of C3-spirooxindoles chemistry (synthesis and reaction mechanism) and their bioactivities, focusing on the promising results as well as highlighting the biological mechanism via the reported molecular docking findings of the most bioactive derivatives. C3-Spirooxindoles are attractive bioactive agents and have been found in a variety of natural compounds, including alkaloids. They are widely investigated in the field of medicinal chemistry and play a key role in medication development, such as antivirals, anticancer agents, antimicrobials, etc. Regarding organic synthesis, several traditional and advanced strategies have been reported, particularly those that started with isatin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, PO 840, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat E Owda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal T Mogharbel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hamzah Alessa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Omer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Essam M Eliwa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177-LCSOM, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Khetmalis YM, Sangeetha GP, Chandu A, Swati, Murugesan S, Sharma V, Kumar MM, Kondapalli VG. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxindole analogs as antitubercular agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1323-1342. [PMID: 37610851 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design, synthesize and evaluate oxindole derivatives for antitubercular activity. Methodology: We synthesized the derivatives, confirmed their structures by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectrometry, and evaluated them for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using the microplate alamarBlue™ assay. Results: Among all the synthesized derivatives, OXN-1, -3 and -7 exhibited excellent antitubercular activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 0.78 μg/ml). Compounds with a MIC ≤1.56 were tested for cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells and were found to be relatively nontoxic. Molecular docking analysis of OXN-1, -3 and -7 was performed to determine their binding patterns at the active site of DNA topoisomerase II (PDB-5BS8). In drug combination studies, OXN-1, 3 and 7 showed synergism with isoniazid. Conclusion: The obtained results reveal that oxindole derivatives exhibit potent antitubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Khetmalis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Guruvelli Pv Sangeetha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Ala Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Swati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Muthyala Mk Kumar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Venkata Gcs Kondapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
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Datar M, Dhanwad R, Javeed M, Gunavanthrao Yernale N, Suliphuldevara Mathada B. Synthesis, Structural Investigations, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel 2-(Substituted-Aryloxymethyl)-5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles: Highly Potential InhA and Cytochrome c Peroxidase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2174997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Datar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramagopal Dhanwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Javeed
- P.G. Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sethiya A, Joshi D, Manhas A, Sahiba N, Agarwal DK, Jha PC, Agarwal S. Glycerol based carbon sulfonic acid catalyzed synthesis, in silico studies and in vitro biological evaluation of isonicotinohydrazide derivatives as potent antimicrobial and anti-tubercular agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13226. [PMID: 36785822 PMCID: PMC9918772 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present pathway involves synthesis of isonicotinohydrazide derivatives using isoniazid and diversely substituted aldehydes in the presence of EtOH and catalytic amount of glycerol based carbon sulfonic acid catalyst. The developed pathway has so many merits like excellent yields (91-98%), short reaction time (4-10 min), easy reaction set up, no need of column chromatography, large substrate scope, easily recyclable and reusable catalyst. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial and anti-tubercular activity and it was observed that compounds possessed high biological potency against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. Regarding anti-tubercular activity, compound 3m exhibited high % inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV strain. Based on the outcome of in vitro studies, all the synthesized compounds were docked against E. coli (1KZN), C. albicans (1IYL), and M. tuberculosis H 37 Rv strain (2NSD). The synthesized derivatives were docked within the binding site of 1KZN, and 1IYL. However, with 2NSD, apart from 3h, all the derivatives displayed interaction within the binding cavity of the protein. All the crucial interactions with Asn46, Asp73, and Arg136 in 1KZN, His227, Leu451 in 1IYL, and Tyr158 in 2NSD were witnessed in the top-scored docked candidates. Molecular docking studies revealed the importance of the substitution at R position on isonicotinohydrazide scaffold. The nitrogen atoms of hydrazide moiety were involved in forming hydrogen bonding with the active site amino acids, and the substitution at the R position occupy the hydrophobic position in the binding pocket. Also, the functional groups present on the substituted R position were involved in forming hydrogen bonding with the crucial active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Raj., India
| | - Deepkumar Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, M.N. Sheth Science College, HNGU, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Anu Manhas
- Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Raj., India
| | - Dinesh K. Agarwal
- VenkateshwarInsitute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Raj., India,Corresponding author.
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Suliphuldevara Mathada B, Gunavanthrao Yernale N, Basha JN. The Multi‐Pharmacological Targeted Role of Indole and its Derivatives: A review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeelan N. Basha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous Bengaluru- 560043 Karnataka India
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Panda SS, Girgis AS, Aziz MN, Bekheit MS. Spirooxindole: A Versatile Biologically Active Heterocyclic Scaffold. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020618. [PMID: 36677676 PMCID: PMC9861573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spirooxindoles occupy an important place in heterocyclic chemistry. Many natural spirooxindole-containing compounds have been identified as bio-promising agents. Synthetic analogs have also been synthesized utilizing different pathways. The present article summarizes the recent development of both natural and synthetic spirooxindole-containing compounds prepared from isatin or its derivatives reported in the last five years. The spirooxindoles are categorized based on their mentioned biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marian N. Aziz
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Nalini R, . Basavarajaiah SM, Nagesh GY, Mohammad J, Ramakrishna Reddy K. Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Analysis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Schiff Base Derived from Isatin–Isoniazid and Its Metal (II) Complexes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2138927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nalini
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- PG Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Government Science College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - G. Y. Nagesh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak First Grade College, Bidar, Karnataka, India
| | - J. Mohammad
- PG Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Government Science College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Ramakrishna Reddy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- PG Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Government Science College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Nagesh G, Javeed M, Basha JN, Prashantha K, Nithin R, Thanushree P, Vivekananda S, Gowda SS, Punarva H, Basavarajaiah S. Design, Spectral analysis, DFT calculations, antimicrobial, anti-TB, antioxidant activity and molecular docking studies of novel bis-benzoxazines with cytochrome c peroxidase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Basavarajaiah SM, Nagesh GY, Javeed M, Bhat R, Nethravathi S, Basha JN, Reddy KR, Nisarga C, Srinivas P. Synthesis, spectral analysis, DFT calculations, biological potential and molecular docking studies of indole appended pyrazolo-triazine. Mol Divers 2022; 27:679-693. [PMID: 35538381 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-(3,5-disubstituted-1H-indol-2-yl)-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2,6-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines (3a-l) were synthesized in single step from 3,5-disubstituted indole-2-carbohydrazide and 4-aminoantipyrine under acidic conditions with excellent yields. The various spectroscopic methods were used to prove the formation of all these products. The compounds 3a, 3b, 3e, 3f, 3i and 3j exhibited excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities with an MIC value of 3.125 µg/ml against the tested pathogens and anti-tuberculosis inhibitory potential against M. tuberculosis which is equivalent to standard drug. The antidiabetic activity of the compounds 3a and 3b showed the maximum potential as glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 = 47.21 μg/ml and IC50 = 48.36 μg/ml, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics like ADMET, drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for these molecules were also disclosed. To comprehend the electronic behavior of compound 3a, density functional theory estimations at the DFT/B3LYP level via 6-31G++ (d, p) have been carried out to replicate the structure and geometry. The first-order hyperpolarizability calculation was used to calculate the nonlinear visual feature of compound 3a. The charge transfer interface among the structure is elucidated by the estimated HOMO-LUMO analysis. Further, molecular docking studies were carried out for synthesized compounds with human maltase-glucoamylase (PDB: 2QMJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Basavarajaiah
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India.
| | - G Y Nagesh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak First Grade College, Bidar, Karnataka, 585 403, India
| | - Mohammad Javeed
- Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhat
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - S Nethravathi
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - Jeelan N Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560 043, India
| | - K Ramakrishna Reddy
- Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 001, India
| | - C Nisarga
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - Pooja Srinivas
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
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