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Shen W, Lyu Q, Yi R, Sun Y, Zhang W, Wei T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Zhang J. HMGB1 promotes chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer by inducing PARP1-related nucleophagy. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00407-1. [PMID: 38159843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is prone to chemoresistance, which is closely related to genome homeostasis-related processes, such as DNA damage and repair. Nucleophagy is the elimination of specific nuclear substances by cells themselves and is responsible for maintaining genome and chromosome stability. However, the roles of nucleophagy in tumour chemoresistance have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to elucidate the mechanism of chemoresistance in SCLC and reverse this chemoresistance. METHODS RNA-seq data from SCLC cohorts, chemosensitive SCLC cells and the corresponding chemoresistant cells were used to discover genes associated with chemoresistance and patient prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to verify the effect of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) knockdown or overexpression on the chemotherapeutic response in SCLC. The regulatory effect of HMGB1 on nucleophagy was then investigated by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry (MS), and the underlying mechanism was explored using pharmacological inhibitors and mutant proteins. RESULTS HMGB1 is a factor indicating poor prognosis and promotes chemoresistance in SCLC. Mechanistically, HMGB1 significantly increases PARP1-LC3 binding to promote nucleophagy via PARP1 PARylation, which leads to PARP1 turnover from DNA lesions and chemoresistance. Furthermore, chemoresistance in SCLC can be attenuated by blockade of the PARP1-LC3 interaction or PARP1 inhibitor (PARPi) treatment. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 can induce PARP1 self-modification, which promotes the interaction of PARP1 with LC3 to promote nucleophagy and thus chemoresistance in SCLC. HMGB1 could be a predictive biomarker for the PARPi response in patients with SCLC. Combining chemotherapy with PARPi treatment is an effective therapeutic strategy for overcoming SCLC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lyu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Samaka RM, Marae A, Faried M, Bazid HAS. Light chain 3 immunoexpression in psoriasis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:365-383. [PMID: 34996338 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.2018708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is involved in many diseases. The implication of autophagy in psoriasis pathogenesis is still uncertain. To investigate the role of Light Chain 3 (LC3), a good marker for autophagy, in psoriatic skin based on immunohistochemical study and correlate its expression - for the first time to the best of our knowledge - to clinicopathological data Prospective case-control study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 control, 30 psoriasis patients). Skin biopsies from control, lesional, and perilesional skin were processed for routine histopathological examination and LC3 immunoreaction assessment. There was a significant upregulation of the epidermal and dermal LC3 immunoreaction in the lesional skin compared with the control and perilesional skin specimens (P < .001). A significant positive correlation between the epidermal and dermal LC3 H scores in the lesional and perilesional skin was recorded. There was a non-significant relationship between the H score in the lesional skin and disease severity. LC3 could be considered in psoriasis pathogenesis; however, LC3 was not related to the severity of the disease. The findings might offer a novel target therapy for psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Samaka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Marae
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Manar Faried
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Heba A S Bazid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Kaplan N, Wang S, Wang J, Yang W, Ventrella R, Majekodunmi A, Perez White BE, Getsios S, Mitchell BJ, Peng H, Lavker RM. Ciliogenesis and autophagy are coordinately regulated by EphA2 in the cornea to maintain proper epithelial architecture. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:193-205. [PMID: 34119713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the relationship between ciliogenesis and autophagy in the corneal epithelium. METHODS siRNAs for EphA2 or PLD1 were used to inhibit protein expression in vitro. Morpholino-anti-EphA2 was used to knockdown EphA2 in Xenopus skin. An EphA2 knockout mouse was used to conduct loss of function studies. Autophagic vacuoles were visualized by contrast light microscopy. Autophagy flux, was measured by LC3 turnover and p62 protein levels. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy were conducted to visualize cilia in cultured cells and in vivo. RESULTS Loss of EphA2 (i) increased corneal epithelial thickness by elevating proliferative potential in wing cells, (ii) reduced the number of ciliated cells, (iii) increased large hollow vacuoles, that could be rescued by BafA1; (iv) inhibited autophagy flux and (v) increased GFP-LC3 puncta in the mouse corneal epithelium. This indicated a role for EphA2 in stratified epithelial assembly via regulation of proliferation as well as a positive role in both ciliogenesis and end-stage autophagy. Inhibition of PLD1, an EphA2 interacting protein that is a critical regulator of end-stage autophagy, reversed the accumulation of vacuoles, and the reduction in the number of ciliated cells due to EphA2 depletion, suggesting EphA2 regulation of both end-stage autophagy and ciliogenesis via PLD1. PLD1 mediated rescue of ciliogenesis by EphA2 depletion was blocked by BafA1, placing autophagy between EphA2 signaling and regulation of ciliogenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a novel role for EphA2 in regulating both autophagy and ciliogenesis, processes that are essential for proper corneal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rosa Ventrella
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ahmed Majekodunmi
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Mitchell
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Wang S, Kobeissi A, Dong Y, Kaplan N, Yang W, He C, Zeng K, Peng H. MicroRNAs-103/107 Regulate Autophagy in the Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1481-1490. [PMID: 29452119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that microRNAs-103 and -107 (miRs-103/107) positively regulate end-stage autophagy by ensuring dynamin activity in cultured keratinocytes. Most work in end-stage autophagy has been conducted using in vitro model systems. In vivo regulation of end-stage autophagy in epidermis remains unknown. Here, we used antagomirs to subcutaneously knock down miR-107 in the skin; conversely, we delivered miR-107 mimic subcutaneously via in vivo transfection to increase this miR. We found that antagomir-107 treatment in epidermis: (i) depleted endogenous miR-107; (ii) increased GFP-LC3 puncta in epidermal basal layers of GFP-LC3 transgenic mice, indicative of an accumulation of autophagosomes; (iii) inhibited LC3 turnover and increased p62, suggesting an inhibition of autophagy flux; and (iv) increased phosphorylated dynamin (p-dynamin, an inactive form), a key enzyme in end-stage autophagy. Conversely, miR-107 mimic treatment in mouse epidermis: decreased GFP-LC3 puncta in basal layer, as well as p62 protein levels; and diminished p-dynamin, indicative of activation of this enzyme. In human epidermal keratinocytes, antagos-103/107 cause the formation of large vacuoles and an increase in p-dynamin, which can be rescued by inhibition of protein kinase C pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that the miR-103/107 family has a critical role in regulating end-stage autophagy in mouse epidermis via PLD1/2-protein kinase C-dynamin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aya Kobeissi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Rogerson C, Bergamaschi D, O'Shaughnessy RFL. Uncovering mechanisms of nuclear degradation in keratinocytes: A paradigm for nuclear degradation in other tissues. Nucleus 2018; 9:56-64. [PMID: 29205081 PMCID: PMC5973266 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1412027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic nuclei are essential organelles, storing the majority of the cellular DNA, comprising the site of most DNA and RNA synthesis, controlling gene expression and therefore regulating cellular function. The majority of mammalian cells retain their nucleus throughout their lifetime, however, in three mammalian tissues the nucleus is entirely removed and its removal is essential for cell function. Lens fibre cells, erythroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes all lose their nucleus in the terminal differentiation pathways of these cell types. However, relatively little is known about the pathways that lead to complete nuclear removal and about how these pathways are regulated. In this review, we aim to discuss the current understanding of nuclear removal mechanisms in these three cell types and expand upon how recent studies into nuclear degradation in keratinocytes, an easily accessible experimental model, could contribute to a wider understanding of these molecular mechanisms in both health and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rogerson
- a Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research , Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- a Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research , Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- a Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research , Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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Peng H, Park JK, Lavker RM. Autophagy and Macropinocytosis: Keeping an Eye on the Corneal/Limbal Epithelia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:416-423. [PMID: 28118670 PMCID: PMC5270618 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and macropinocytosis are processes that are vital for cellular homeostasis, and help cells respond to stress and take up large amounts of material, respectively. The limbal and corneal epithelia have the machinery necessary to carry out both processes; however, autophagy and macropinocytosis are relatively understudied in these two epithelia. In this Perspectives, we describe the basic principles behind macropinocytosis and autophagy, discuss how these two processes are regulated in the limbal and corneal epithelia, consider how these two processes impact on the physiology of limbal and corneal epithelia, and elaborate on areas of future research in autophagy and macropinocytosis as related to the limbal/corneal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert M. Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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