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Evaluation of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition on Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Fibroblasts and Basal Cell Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts: Are Vismodegib and Sonidegib Useful to Target Cancer-Prone Fibroblasts? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225858. [PMID: 34831015 PMCID: PMC8616531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the Hh pathway underlies the development of sporadic and familial skin BCC. For these oncogenic proliferations displaying ligand-independent activation of the intracellular pathway, two molecules have been approved for therapeutic purposes: vismodegib and sonidegib. Improper Hh signalling occurs in many human tumours also via a paracrine mechanism (ligand-dependent) in which the secretion of Hh ligands by stromal cells support tumour growth. On the other hand, the mobilization of neoplastic stroma by cancer cells is sustained by the activation of Hh signalling in surrounding fibroblasts suggesting a central role of this bidirectional crosstalk in carcinogenesis. Additionally, loss-of-function mutations in the PTCH1 gene in the context of NBCCS, an autosomal dominant disorder predisposing to multiple BCCs, determine tumour permissive phenotypes in dermal fibroblasts. Here, profiling syndromic and BCC-associated fibroblasts unveiled an extraordinary similarity characterized by overexpression of several Hh target genes and a marked pro-inflammatory outline. Both cell types exposed to Hh inhibitors displayed reversion of the tumour-prone phenotype. Under vismodegib and sonidegib treatment, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, frequently over-active in tumour stroma, resulted down-regulated by pAKT-GSK3β axis and consequent increase of β-catenin turnover. Overall, this study demonstrated that vismodegib and sonidegib impacting on fibroblast tumour supportive functions might be considered in therapy for BCC independently to the mutation status of Hh components in neoplastic cells.
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Minowa E, Kurashige Y, Islam ST, Yoshida K, Sakakibara S, Okada Y, Fujita Y, Bolortsetseg D, Murai Y, Abiko Y, Saitoh M. Increased integrity of cell-cell junctions accompanied by increased expression of claudin 4 in keratinocytes stimulated with vitamin D3. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:346-355. [PMID: 34324049 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The stratified squamous epithelium has a multilayer structure formed by the differentiation of the keratinized epithelium, which covers the skin and oral mucosa. The epithelium plays a central role in regulating the interactions between the immune system and pathogens. The tight junction (TJ) barrier, which is composed of adhesion molecules called claudins (CLDN), is critical for the homeostasis of the skin and oral mucosa. Furthermore, the crucial roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) in the pathogeneses of skin and oral mucosal disease have been suggested. The aim of this in vitro study was to observe the correlations between the integrity of the keratinocyte population and the expression levels of CLDN1 and CLDN4 in gingival epithelial cells, stimulated with VD3. CLDN 1 and 4 expression levels were down and upregulated, respectively, in the cells stimulated with VD3. Additionally, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) levels were increased in the stimulated cells when compared to the controls. These findings indicate that CLDN 4 may play a more important role in the TJ barrier than CLDN 1. Hence, the therapeutic effect of VD3 in skin and oral diseases may be regulated by the increase in the expression of CLDN 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Minowa
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Syed Taufiqul Islam
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sakakibara
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Okada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Dembereldorj Bolortsetseg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yuji Murai
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan.
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Collier V, Musicante M, Patel T, Liu-Smith F. Sex disparity in skin carcinogenesis and potential influence of sex hormones. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e27. [PMID: 35664979 PMCID: PMC9060035 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sex or gender disparity in skin cancer has been documented for a long time at the population level. UV radiation (UVR) is a common environmental risk for all three major types of skin cancer: cutaneous melanoma (CM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The underlying mechanism for sex disparity has been largely attributed to sex‐differentiated behaviour patterns related to UVR. Non‐UVR factors such as intrinsic physiological differences have been suggested but remain understudied. Aims, Materials and Methods This review summarizes and compares the known sex differences in three skin cancer types with regard to body site distribution and age influence. Results We found a similar age‐dependent sex difference pattern in CM and BCC. Specifically, CM and BCC tend to show higher incidence in young women and old men, with a switching age around menopause. The switching age suggests involvement of sex hormones, which has shown controversial influence on skin cancers at epidemiological level. Literatures regarding sex hormone receptors for oestrogen, androgen and progesterone are summarized for potential explanations at molecular level. Discussion Overall, more and more evidence suggests non‐UVR factors such as sex hormones play critical roles in skin cancer (especially CM and BCC), yet solid population and molecular evidence are required. Incidences of skin cancer are increasing which suggests limited effect for the current UVR‐avoidance prevention methods. Conclusion Fully understanding the causes of sex disparities in incidence is necessary for developing a comprehensive prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Collier
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - M Musicante
- College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - T Patel
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - F Liu-Smith
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA.,Department of Preventative Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
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Vornicescu C, Ungureanu L, Șenilă SC, Vesa ȘC, Cosgarea R, Baican CI, Mihu MC. Assessment of sun-related behavior and serum vitamin D in basal cell carcinoma: Preliminary results. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:187. [PMID: 33101477 PMCID: PMC7579778 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV), mainly from sunlight, is the main risk factor of the most common human skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). A positive effect of UV on the skin is its contribution to the synthesis of vitamin D, which is important in sustaining general health, but having high levels of vitamin D is considered a risk factor for BCC. However, vitamin D receptor has antagonistic effects to UV radiation in regulating Sonic Hedgehog pathway. This is a pilot study aimed at characterizing the sun-related behavior and vitamin D status of 52 BCC patients and 59 controls from our geographical area. Patients were included in 4 subgroups: Single, multiple, recurrent, and both multiple and recurrent BCCs. Patients, more than controls, had at least one sunburn in childhood and lentigines (P<0.001). Also, they spent daily, on average, more time in the sun than controls (P<0.001) (3.00-8.00 and 1.50-4.00 h respectively). Outdoor work was similar in both groups. Participants had lower vitamin D serum levels than expected. Due to the small number of cases, no statistically significant differences were found between the subgroups but some tendencies were noted. Patients with only one recurrent BCC had less sunburns than the ones who also developed tumors at multiple sites (P=0.2). Patients with multiple and recurrent tumors had slightly lower vitamin D levels compared with single BCC patients (P=0.1) although they used more vitamin D supplements after the BCC diagnosis (P=0.2). Having a diagnosis of BCC, made patients more compliant to the use of sunscreen cream, but even so, half of them still did not use it. In conclusion, more effort should be invested in sun-related education and public health actions should focus on vitamin D deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Vornicescu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Corina Șenilă
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Cosgarea
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Iulia Baican
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Carmen Mihu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Radiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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