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Overview of familial syndromes with increased skin malignancies. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:707-727. [PMID: 36342513 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of skin cancers can be classified into two main types: melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas. The most common keratinocyte carcinomas include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Multiple familial syndromes have been identified that can increase the risk of developing SCC, BCC, and/or melanoma. The major syndromes include oculocutaneous albinism for SCC, basal cell nevus syndrome for BCC, familial atypical multiple mole-melanoma syndrome, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome for melanoma. In addition, familial syndromes that can predispose individuals to all three major skin cancers include xeroderma pigmentosum and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. This review highlights the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and etiology of the major and minor syndromes to better identify and manage these conditions. Current investigational trials in genomic medicine are making their way in revolutionizing the clinical diagnosis of these familial syndromes for earlier preventative measures and improvement of long-term prognosis in these patients.
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Dellambra E, Cordisco S, Delle Monache F, Bondanza S, Teson M, Nicodemi EM, Didona B, Condorelli AG, Camerino G, Castiglia D, Guerra L. RSPO1-mutated keratinocytes from palmoplantar keratoderma display impaired differentiation, alteration of cell-cell adhesion, EMT-like phenotype and invasiveness properties: implications for squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:275. [PMID: 35854363 PMCID: PMC9295301 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted R-spondin (RSPO) proteins play a key role in reproductive organ development, epithelial stem cell renewal and cancer induction by reinforcing canonical Wnt signaling. We have previously reported that palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), predisposition to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development and sex reversal segregate as autosomal recessive trait in patients carrying RSPO1-mutations. Although our previous findings suggested that RSPO1 secreted from fibroblasts regulates keratinocyte growth or differentiation, the role of this protein in the epidermis remains largely unexplored. Our study was aimed at expanding the phenotypic, molecular and functional characterization of RSPO1-mutated skin and keratinocytes. Results Cultured primary keratinocytes from PPK skin of a RSPO1-mutated XX-sex reversed patient displayed highly impaired differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. Interestingly, RSPO1-mutated PPK skin expressed markers of increased proliferation, dedifferentiation and altered cell–cell adhesion. Furthermore, all these signs were more evident in SCC specimens of the patient. Cultured PPK patient’s keratinocytes exhibited increased expression of cell‒matrix adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes. Moreover, they showed invasiveness properties in an organotypic skin model in presence of PPK fibroblasts, which behave like cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, the co-culture with normal fibroblasts or treatment with the recombinant RSPO1 protein did not revert or reduce the EMT-like phenotype and invasion capability of PPK keratinocytes. Notably, RSPO1-mutated PPK fibroblasts induced a hyperproliferative and dedifferentiated phenotype of age-matched normal control plantar keratinocytes. Wnt signaling has a key role in both PPK promotion and SCC development. Accordingly, Wnt mediators were differentially expressed in both PPK keratinocytes and skin specimens of RSPO1-mutated patient compared to control. Conclusions Altogether our data indicate that the absence of RSPO1 in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development affects the skin microenvironment and epidermal integrity, thus contributing to the risk of SCC tumorigenesis in palmoplantar regions exposed to major frictional stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02434-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sonia Cordisco
- Advent SRL, Via Pontina KM 30.600, Pomezia, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari, Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.R.L., 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Maria Nicodemi
- Plastic Surgery Division, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Camerino
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università Di Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
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Xiong Y, Chen T, Yu J, Zhou H, Lu B, Chen L, Sun L, Wang C, Li S, Wu B. Association between Mutation in SMARCAD1 and Basan Syndrome with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7840710. [PMID: 35592705 PMCID: PMC9113868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7840710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Basan syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant ectodermal dysplasia with certain clinic-pathological features caused by mutations in the SMARCAD1 gene. Currently, no skin malignancy related to Basan syndrome has been reported. This study was aimed at identifying related gene mutations in a new Chinese pedigree with Basan syndrome and discovering the possible association between Basan syndrome and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods We report a case of Basan syndrome from China with family history of cSCC. The pedigree contains 28 individuals. Among them, 12 members had Basan syndrome, while 4 affected members were diagnosed with cSCC in the 1st and 2nd generations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed for 7 available individuals. The specific gene mutation on pre-mRNA splicing was also analyzed using in vitro Minigene assay. In addition, sequencing data was analyzed with bioinformatics workflow, aiming to discover the gene associated with cSCC. Results Gene sequencing results showed a heterozygous mutation, c.378+5G>A, in the SMARCAD1 gene in all tested individuals with Basan syndrome. Minigene result implicated the specific mutation may cause splicing variations by exon skipping occurring in the targeted exons. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reported Basan syndrome with family history of cSCC. Despite in this study we cannot draw any conclusion about the association between Basan syndrome and cSCC at the genetic level, this study encourages future works to substantiate this potential but important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - He Zhou
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baozhen Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujun Li
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Translational Medicine Institute of Jiangxi, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Kang H, Liu Y, Fan T, Ma J, Wu D, Heitz T, Shen WH, Zhu Y. Arabidopsis CHROMATIN REMODELING 19 acts as a transcriptional repressor and contributes to plant pathogen resistance. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1100-1116. [PMID: 34954802 PMCID: PMC8894922 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers act in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate chromatin structure and thus genome function. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remodeler CHROMATIN REMODELING19 (CHR19) is enriched in gene body regions, and its depletion causes massive changes in nucleosome position and occupancy in the genome. Consistent with these changes, an in vitro assay verified that CHR19 can utilize ATP to slide nucleosomes. A variety of inducible genes, including several important genes in the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways, were transcriptionally upregulated in the chr19 mutant under normal growth conditions, indicative of a role of CHR19 in transcriptional repression. In addition, the chr19 mutation triggered higher susceptibility to the JA pathway-defended necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, but did not affect the growth of the SA pathway-defended hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Expression of CHR19 was tissue-specific and inhibited specifically by SA treatment. Such inhibition significantly decreased the local chromatin enrichment of CHR19 at the associated SA pathway genes, which resulted in their full activation upon SA treatment. Overall, our findings clarify CHR19 to be a novel regulator acting at the chromatin level to impact the transcription of genes underlying plant resistance to different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Yuhao Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer
Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021,
China
| | - Tianyi Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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5
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Loh AYT, Špoljar S, Neo GYW, Escande-Beillard N, Leushacke M, Luijten MNH, Venkatesh B, Bonnard C, van Steensel MAM, Hamm H, Carmichael A, Rajan N, Carney TJ, Reversade B. Huriez syndrome: Additional pathogenic variants supporting allelism to SMARCAD syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1752-1760. [PMID: 35212137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huriez syndrome (HRZ, OMIM181600) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by scleroatrophic hands and feet, hypoplastic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, and predisposition to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We report herein three HRZ families from Croatia, the Netherlands, and Germany. Deep sequencing followed by Sanger validation, confirmed the presence of germline causative SMARCAD1 heterozygous pathogenic variants. All seven HRZ patients displayed hypohidrosis, adermatoglyphia, and one patient developed cSCC at 32 years of age. Two novel monoallelic germline mutations were identified which are predicted to disrupt the first exon-intron boundary of the skin-specific SMARCAD1 isoform. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic convergence with Adermatoglyphia (OMIM136000) and Basan syndrome (OMIM129200), our results lend credence to the notion that these three Mendelian disorders are allelic. We propose adding Huriez syndrome to the previously suggested SMARCAD syndrome designation, which was originally invoked to describe the spectrum of monogenic disorders between Adermatoglyphia and Basan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Y T Loh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanja Špoljar
- Department for Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Granville Y W Neo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Monique N H Luijten
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Henning Hamm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Carmichael
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Elhaji Y, van Henten TM, Ruivenkamp CA, Nightingale M, Santen GWE, Vos LE, Hull PR. Two SMARCAD1 Variants Causing Basan Syndrome in a Canadian and a Dutch Family. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100022. [PMID: 34909722 PMCID: PMC8659716 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by congenital adermatoglyphia, transient congenital facial milia, neonatal acral bullae, and absent or reduced sweating. Basan syndrome is rare and has been reported in only 10 kindreds worldwide. It is caused by variants in the skin-specific isoform of SMARCAD1, which starts with an alternative exon 1. All reported variants, except for one large deletion, are point mutations within the donor splice site of the alternative exon 1. In this paper, we report two families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 variants. In one family, we have identified a complex structural variant (a deletion and a nontandem inverted duplication) using whole-genome optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing. Although this variant results in the removal of the first nine exons of SMARCAD1 and exon 1 of the skin-specific isoform, it manifested in the typical Basan phenotype. This suggests that unlike the skin-specific isoform, a single copy of full-length SMARCAD1 is sufficient for its respective function. In the second family, whole-exome sequencing revealed a deletion of 12 base pairs spanning the exon‒intron junction of the alternative exon 1 of the skin-specific SMARCAD1 isoform. In conclusion, we report two additional families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Elhaji
- Division of Clinical Dermatology & Cutaneous Science, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Mathew Nightingale
- Genomics Core facility, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gijs WE Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia E. Vos
- Department of Dermatology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Hull
- Division of Clinical Dermatology & Cutaneous Science, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Correspondence: Peter R. Hull, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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7
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Han H, Jiang G, Kumari R, Silic MR, Owens JL, Hu C, Mittal SK, Zhang G. Loss of smarcad1a accelerates tumorigenesis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in zebrafish. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:743-761. [PMID: 34296799 PMCID: PMC9585957 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a type of sarcoma that generally originates from Schwann cells. The prognosis for this type of malignancy is relatively poor due to complicated genetic alterations and the lack of specific targeted therapy. Chromosome fragment 4q22-23 is frequently deleted in MPNSTs and other human tumors, suggesting tumor suppressor genes may reside in this region. Here, we provide evidence that SMARCAD1, a known chromatin remodeler, is a novel tumor suppressor gene located in 4q22-23. We identified two human homologous smarcad1 genes (smarcad1a and smarcad1b) in zebrafish, and both genes share overlapping expression patterns during embryonic development. We demonstrated that two smarcad1a loss-of-function mutants, sa1299 and p403, can accelerate MPNST tumorigenesis in the tp53 mutant background, suggesting smarcad1a is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene for MPNSTs. Moreover, we found that DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair might be compromised in both mutants compared to wildtype zebrafish, as indicated by pH2AX, a DNA DSB marker. In addition, both SMARCAD1 gene knockdown and overexpression in human cells were able to inhibit tumor growth and displayed similar DSB repair responses, suggesting proper SMARCAD1 gene expression level or gene dosage is critical for cell growth. Given that mutations of SMARCAD1 sensitize cells to poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in yeast and the human U2OS osteosarcoma cell line, the identification of SMARCAD1 as a novel tumor suppressor gene might contribute to the development of new cancer therapies for MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Martin R. Silic
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jake L. Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Chang‐Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease (PI4D)Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease (PI4D)Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN)Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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8
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Klein B, Günther C. Type I Interferon Induction in Cutaneous DNA Damage Syndromes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715723. [PMID: 34381458 PMCID: PMC8351592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) as part of the innate immune system have an outstanding importance as antiviral defense cytokines that stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Upon sensing of pattern recognition particles (PRPs) such as nucleic acids, IFN secretion is activated and induces the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Uncontrolled constitutive activation of the type I IFN system can lead to autoinflammation and autoimmunity, which is observed in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematodes and in monogenic interferonopathies. They are caused by mutations in genes which are involved in sensing or metabolism of intracellular nucleic acids and DNA repair. Many authors described mechanisms of type I IFN secretion upon increased DNA damage, including the formation of micronuclei, cytosolic chromatin fragments and destabilization of DNA binding proteins. Hereditary cutaneous DNA damage syndromes, which are caused by mutations in proteins of the DNA repair, share laboratory and clinical features also seen in autoimmune disorders and interferonopathies; hence a potential role of DNA-damage-induced type I IFN secretion seems likely. Here, we aim to summarize possible mechanisms of IFN induction in cutaneous DNA damage syndromes with defects in the DNA double-strand repair and nucleotide excision repair. We review recent publications referring to Ataxia teleangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome, Werner syndrome, Huriez syndrome, and Xeroderma pigmentosum. Furthermore, we aim to discuss the role of type I IFN in cancer and these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medicine Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Loh AYT, Ho CM, Muthiah S, Venkatesh B, Zwolinski S, Bray APJJ, Reversade B, Rajan N, Carney TJ. Huriez syndrome caused by a large deletion that abrogates the skin-specific isoform of SMARCAD1. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:1205-1207. [PMID: 33400266 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Y T Loh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - C M Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - S Muthiah
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - B Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - S Zwolinski
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A P J J Bray
- Bristol Dermatology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - B Reversade
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - N Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - T J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
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10
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Abstract
The hereditary nature of some forms of cancer was recognized long ago. Over time, recognition of associated findings led to the delineation of numerous hereditary cancer syndromes. Many of these syndromes also have cutaneous manifestations, the recognition of which can lead to their early identification. Recognition of these syndromes allows vigilant surveillance and preemptive treatment, which can dramatically impact the risks of morbidity and mortality for affected patients. The rise of rapid and accurate genetic testing now allows the early identification of asymptomatic at risk family members so that monitoring can be initiated as early as possible. The dermatologist plays a critical role in early identification of these syndromes and, in many cases, their treatment. This review summarizes many known hereditary cancer syndromes with cutaneous findings, their etiology, identification, evaluation, and management. Importantly, this is an ever evolving topic and new findings and syndromes will continue to be recognized. The dermatologist must be always alert to ensure they are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ladd
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew Davis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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11
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Kazakevych J, Denizot J, Liebert A, Portovedo M, Mosavie M, Jain P, Stellato C, Fraser C, Corrêa RO, Célestine M, Mattiuz R, Okkenhaug H, Miller JR, Vinolo MAR, Veldhoen M, Varga-Weisz P. Smarcad1 mediates microbiota-induced inflammation in mouse and coordinates gene expression in the intestinal epithelium. Genome Biol 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 32160911 PMCID: PMC7065452 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-01976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How intestinal epithelial cells interact with the microbiota and how this is regulated at the gene expression level are critical questions. Smarcad1 is a conserved chromatin remodeling factor with a poorly understood tissue function. As this factor is highly expressed in the stem and proliferative zones of the intestinal epithelium, we explore its role in this tissue. RESULTS Specific deletion of Smarcad1 in the mouse intestinal epithelium leads to colitis resistance and substantial changes in gene expression, including a striking increase of expression of several genes linked to innate immunity. Absence of Smarcad1 leads to changes in chromatin accessibility and significant changes in histone H3K9me3 over many sites, including genes that are differentially regulated upon Smarcad1 deletion. We identify candidate members of the gut microbiome that elicit a Smarcad1-dependent colitis response, including members of the poorly understood TM7 phylum. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light onto the role of the chromatin remodeling machinery in intestinal epithelial cells in the colitis response and shows how a highly conserved chromatin remodeling factor has a distinct role in anti-microbial defense. This work highlights the importance of the intestinal epithelium in the colitis response and the potential of microbial species as pharmacological and probiotic targets in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kazakevych
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, M2iSH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anke Liebert
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mariana Portovedo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mia Mosavie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Payal Jain
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Claire Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - J Ross Miller
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Marc Veldhoen
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Instituto de Medicina Molecular
- Joâo Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- Nuclear Dynamics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Skin tumors can manifest solitarily and sporadically but can also be multiple and familial. Beside the skin, hereditary cutaneous tumor syndromes also affect extracutaneous organs and are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Taking the medical history, a clinical examination and dermatopathological characterization of the respective neoplasia will help the dermatologist to reach a diagnosis at an early stage. Subsequently, this diagnosis can be unambiguously confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Here, we provide an overview and update on selected hereditary cutaneous tumor syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hermasch
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - J Frank
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
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13
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Liu F, Xia Z, Zhang M, Ding J, Feng Y, Wu J, Dong Y, Gao W, Han Z, Liu Y, Yao Y, Li D. SMARCAD1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin-Mediated EMT. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:636-646. [PMID: 30745850 PMCID: PMC6367592 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal diseases, characterized by early metastasis and high mortality. Subunits of the SWI/SNF complex have been identified in many studies as the regulators of tumor progression, but the role of SMARCAD1, one member of the SWI/SNF family, in pancreatic cancer has not been elucidated. Based on analysis of GEO database and immunohistochemical detection of patient-derived pancreatic cancer tissues, we found that SMARCAD1 is more highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and that its expression level negatively correlates with patients' survival time. With further investigation, it shows that SMARCAD1 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, we first demonstrate that SMARCAD1 induces EMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Our results provide the role and potential mechanism of SMARCAD1 in pancreatic cancer, which may prove useful marker for diagnostic or therapeutic applications of PC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, DaHua Hospital, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengwei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Le syndrome de Huriez enfin déchiffré : haplo-insuffisance d’un gène impliqué dans la réparation de l’ADN par recombinaison homologue. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2018; 145:809-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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