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Wang A, Li N, Zhang N, Liu J, Yang T, Li D, Li C, Li R, Jiang T, Xia C. Desmoglein-2 Affects Vascular Function in Moyamoya Disease by Interacting with MMP-9 and Influencing PI3K Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04010-0. [PMID: 38326520 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and development of Moyamoya disease are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) on Moyamoya disease and determine the inhibitory effect of DSG2 in vascular remodeling in Moyamoya disease.RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting were used to detect the expression of DSG2 in the superficial temporal artery (STA) tissues of Moyamoya disease. The association between DSG2 and endothelial cells' biological activities was investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), migration assay, tube formation assay, flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and TUNEL apoptotic cell detection kit. Pathways affected by overexpression or knockdown of DSG2 were identified in endothelial cells.The expression of DSG2 in the STA tissues of Moyamoya disease was lower than that in normal controls. Overexpression of DSG2 inhibits the proliferation and migration but promotes apoptosis in endothelial cells, and low DSG2 levels result in impaired angiogenesis. In addition, there was an interaction between DSG2 and MMP-9, and DSG2 acted through the PI3K signaling in endothelial cells.Our results indicate that DSG2 affects PI3K signaling in vascular endothelial cells, and MMP-9 is involved in DSG2-mediated vascular changes in Moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tongcui Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Chengyu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Myo Min KK, Ffrench CB, McClure BJ, Ortiz M, Dorward EL, Samuel MS, Ebert LM, Mahoney MG, Bonder CS. Desmoglein-2 as a cancer modulator: friend or foe? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1327478. [PMID: 38188287 PMCID: PMC10766750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1327478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) is a calcium-binding single pass transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the large cadherin family. Until recently, DSG2 was thought to only function as a cell adhesion protein embedded within desmosome junctions designed to enable cells to better tolerate mechanical stress. However, additional roles for DSG2 outside of desmosomes are continuing to emerge, particularly in cancer. Herein, we review the current literature on DSG2 in cancer and detail its impact on biological functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, intracellular signaling, extracellular vesicle release and vasculogenic mimicry. An increased understanding of the diverse repertoire of the biological functions of DSG2 holds promise to exploit this cell surface protein as a potential prognostic biomarker and/or target for better patient outcomes. This review explores the canonical and non-canonical functions of DSG2, as well as the context-dependent impacts of DSG2 in the realm of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay K. Myo Min
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charlie B. Ffrench
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara J. McClure
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma L. Dorward
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, SA, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Hill BL, Calder AN, Flemming JP, Guo Y, Gilmore SL, Trofa MA, Daniels SK, Nielsen TN, Gleason LK, Antysheva Z, Demina K, Kotlov N, Davitt CJ, Cognetti DM, Prendergast GC, Snook AE, Johnson JM, Kumar G, Linnenbach AJ, Martinez-Outschoorn U, South AP, Curry JM, Harshyne LA, Luginbuhl AJ, Mahoney MG. IL-8 correlates with nonresponse to neoadjuvant nivolumab in HPV positive HNSCC via a potential extracellular vesicle miR-146a mediated mechanism. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1428-1443. [PMID: 37401875 PMCID: PMC10524928 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapy using anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), but only a fraction of patients respond. To better understand the molecular mechanisms driving resistance, we performed extensive analysis of plasma and tumor tissues before and after a 4-week neoadjuvant trial in which HNSCC patients were treated with the anti-PD-1 inhibitor, nivolumab. Luminex cytokine analysis of patient plasma demonstrated that HPVpos nonresponders displayed high levels of the proinflammatory chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), which decreased after ICI treatment, but remained higher than responders. miRNAseq analysis of tetraspanin-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEV) purified from plasma of HPVpos nonresponders demonstrated significantly lower levels of seven miRNAs that target IL-8 including miR-146a. Levels of the pro-survival oncoprotein Dsg2, which has been to down-regulate miR-146a, are elevated with HPVpos tumors displaying higher levels than HPVneg tumors. Dsg2 levels decrease significantly following ICI in responders but not in nonresponders. In cultured HPVpos cells, restoration of miR-146a by forced expression or treatment with miR-146a-loaded sEV, reduced IL-8 level, blocked cell cycle progression, and promoted cell death. These findings identify Dsg2, miR-146a, and IL-8 as potential biomarkers for ICI response and suggest that the Dsg2/miR-146a/IL-8 signaling axis negatively impacts ICI treatment outcomes and could be targeted to improve ICI responsiveness in HPVpos HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L. Hill
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Calder
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph P. Flemming
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney L. Gilmore
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Trofa
- Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean K. Daniels
- Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Torbjoern N. Nielsen
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura K. Gleason
- Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David M. Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer M. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alban J. Linnenbach
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew P. South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M. Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Larry A. Harshyne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam J. Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205098. [PMID: 36291882 PMCID: PMC9599948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biomarkers including DNA, RNA, and surface-associated proteins in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promote accurate clinical diagnosis and indicate the prognosis of cancer. In this systematic review, pre-clinical and clinical studies on extracellular vesicles derived from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC-derived EVs) were summarized, for which studies on the genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of cSCC-derived EVs were highlighted. The contents in cSCC-derived EVs may reflect the mutational landscape of the original cancer cells or be selectively enriched in extracellular vesicles, as provided by the significant role of target molecules including desmoglein 2 protein (Dsg2), Ct-SLCO1B3 mRNA, CYP24A1 circular RNA (circRNA), long intergenic non-coding RNA (linc-PICSAR) and DNA Copy Number Alteration (CNA). Evidence of these studies implied the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of cSCC-derived EVs for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Full-body skin exam and biopsy is the gold standard for cSCC diagnosis, but it is not always feasible given constraints on time and costs. Furthermore, biopsy fails to reflect the dynamic changes in tumor genomes, which challenges long-term medical treatment in patients with advanced diseases. Extracellular vesicle (EV) is an emerging biological entity in oncology with versatile clinical applications from screening to treatment. In this systematic review, pre-clinical and clinical studies on cSCC-derived EVs were summarized. Seven studies on the genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of cSCC-derived EVs were identified. The contents in cSCC-derived EVs may reflect the mutational landscape of the original cancer cells or be selectively enriched in EVs. Desmoglein 2 protein (Dsg2) is an important molecule in the biogenesis of cSCC-derived EVs. Ct-SLCO1B3 mRNA, and CYP24A1 circular RNA (circRNA) are enriched in cSCC-derived EVs, suggesting potentials in cSCC screening and diagnosis. p38 inhibited cSCC-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA (linc-PICSAR) and Dsg2 involved in EV-mediated tumor invasion and drug resistance served as prognostic and therapeutic predictors. We also proposed future directions to devise EV-based cSCC treatment based on these molecules and preliminary studies in other cancers.
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Manshouri T, Veletic I, Li P, Yin CC, Post SM, Verstovsek S, Estrov Z. GLI1 activates pro-fibrotic pathways in myelofibrosis fibrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:481. [PMID: 35595725 PMCID: PMC9122946 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis was thought to be induced exclusively by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, we and others found that neoplastic fibrocytes induce BM fibrosis in myelofibrosis (MF). Because glioma-associated oncogene-1 (GLI1), an effector of the Hedgehog pathway, plays a role in the induction of BM fibrosis, we wondered whether GLI1 affects fibrocyte-induced BM fibrosis in MF. Multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry analysis of MF patients' BM detected high levels of GLI1 in MF fibrocytes compared to MSCs or normal fibrocytes. Immunostaining, RNA in situ hybridization, gene expression analysis, and western immunoblotting detected high levels of GLI1 and GLI1-induced matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and 9 in MF patients BM-derived cultured fibrocytes. Similarly, MF patients' BM-derived GLI1+ fibrocytes were found in BMs and spleens of MF xenograft mice. GLI1 silencing reduced the levels of MMP2/9, phosphorylated SMAD2/3, and procollagen-I, and knockdown or inhibition of GLI1 decreased fibrocyte formation and induced apoptosis of both fibrocytes and fibrocyte progenitors. Because Janus kinase (JAK)2-induced STAT3 is constitutively activated in MF and because STAT3 induces GLI1 expression, we sought to determine whether STAT3 activates GLI1 in MF fibrocytes. Imaging analysis detected phosphotyrosine STAT3 in MF patients' BM fibrocytes, and transfection of fibrocytes with STAT3-siRNA or treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced GLI1 and MMP2/9 levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase assay revealed that STAT3 induced the expression of the GLI1 gene in both MF BM fibrocytes and fibrocyte progenitors. Together, our data suggest that STAT3-activated GLI1 contributes to the induction of BM fibrosis in MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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6
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Flemming JP, Hill BL, Anderson-Pullinger L, Harshyne LA, Mahoney MG. Cytokine Profiling in Low- and High-Density Small Extracellular Vesicles from Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100053. [PMID: 34909749 PMCID: PMC8659799 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles that carry various macromolecules and act as autocrine and paracrine signaling messengers. In this study, sEVs from epidermoid carcinoma cells influenced by membrane presentation of the glycoprotein desmoglein 2 and its palmitoylation state were investigated. In this study, sEVs were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation followed by iodixanol density gradient separation. They were then subjected to multiplex profiling of cytokines associated with the surface of intact sEVs. The results revealed a previously undescribed active sorting of cytokines onto the surface of low-density and high-density sEV subpopulations. Specifically, an altered surface presentation of desmoglein 2 decreased FGF-2 and VEGF in low-density sEVs. In addition, in response to desmoglein 2, IL-8 and RANTES were increased in low-density sEVs but only slightly decreased in high-density sEVs. Finally, IL-6 and G-CSF were increased dramatically in high-density sEVs. This comprehensive analysis of the cytokine production profile by squamous cell carcinoma‒derived sEVs highlights their contribution to immune evasion, pro-oncogenic and proangiogenic activity, and the potential to identify diagnostic disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Flemming
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brianna L Hill
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Gallegos-Alcalá P, Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Salinas E. The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910661. [PMID: 34639001 PMCID: PMC8509070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The keratinocyte (KC) is the main functional and structural component of the epidermis, the most external layer of the skin that is highly specialized in defense against external agents, prevention of leakage of body fluids and retention of internal water within the cells. Altered epidermal barrier and aberrant KC differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cutaneous and systemic immune dysregulation and skin microbiota dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of this complex disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the participation of the KC in different aspects of the AD. We provide an overview of the genetic predisposing and environmental factors, inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways of the KC that participate in the physiopathology of the AD. We also analyze the link among the KC, the microbiota and the inflammatory response underlying acute and chronic skin AD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
- National Council of Science and Technology, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-449-9108424
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8
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Another twist to the GLI code. Biochem J 2020; 477:4343-4347. [PMID: 33242334 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is essential for vertebrate development and its uncontrolled activation is a common occurrence in human cancers. Hh signalling converges in the modification of a family of transcription factors, GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3, to orchestrate a cell type and context-specific transcriptional response. Despite binding to very similar responsive elements, the GLI family members can exert diverse and even opposing functions. A recent article by Tolosa et al. (Biochem. J. 477, 3131-3145, 2020) reveals an unexpected layer of complexity, through physical and functional interaction between GLI1 and GLI2. This commentary discusses the biological significance of the findings and incorporates them into an updated 'GLI code'.
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Wang Q, Jia S, Wang D, Chen X, Kalvakolanu DV, Zheng H, Wei X, Wen N, Liang H, Guo B, Zhang L. A Combination of BRD4 and HDAC3 Inhibitors Synergistically Suppresses Glioma Stem Cell Growth by Blocking GLI1/IL6/STAT3 Signaling Axis. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2542-2553. [PMID: 32999044 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSC) are essential for tumor maintenance, invasiveness, and recurrence. Using a global epigenetic screening with an shRNA library, we identified HDAC3 as an essential factor for GSC stemness. Here, we demonstrated that GSCs poorly respond to an HDAC3 inhibitor, RGFP966 (HDAC3i), owing to the production of IL6 and STAT3 activation. To enhance GSC sensitivity to HDAC3i, we explored whether cotreatment with a BRD4 inhibitor, JQ1 (BRD4i), in GSCs produced a better antitumor effect. BRD4i synergistically inhibits GSC growth in association with HDAC3i. HDAC3 inhibition upregulated the acetylation of H3K27, which allowed the recruitment of BRD4 to the GLI1 gene promoter and induced its expression. GLI1, a transcription factor, turned on the expression of IL6, which led to the activation of STAT3 signaling pathways. However, BRD4i inhibited transcription of the GLI1 gene, thereby blocking the GLI1/IL6/STAT3 pathway. In vivo, the HDAC3i/BRD4i combination caused stronger tumor growth suppression than either drug alone. Thus, HDAC3i/BRD4i might provide promising therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Xiaodong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naiyan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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10
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Flemming JP, Hill BL, Haque MW, Raad J, Bonder CS, Harshyne LA, Rodeck U, Luginbuhl A, Wahl JK, Tsai KY, Wermuth PJ, Overmiller AM, Mahoney MG. miRNA- and cytokine-associated extracellular vesicles mediate squamous cell carcinomas. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1790159. [PMID: 32944178 PMCID: PMC7480578 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1790159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), serve as intercellular messengers with key roles in normal and pathological processes. Our previous work had demonstrated that Dsg2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells enhanced both sEV secretion and loading of pro-mitogenic cargo. In this study, using wild-type Dsg2 and a mutant form that is unable to be palmitoylated (Dsg2cacs), we investigated the mechanism by which Dsg2 modulates SCC tumour development and progression through sEVs. We demonstrate that palmitoylation was required for Dsg2 to regulate sub-cellular localisation of lipid raft and endosomal proteins necessary for sEV biogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of the endosomal pathway abrogated Dsg2-mediated sEV release. In murine xenograft models, Dsg2-expressing cells generated larger xenograft tumours as compared to cells expressing GFP or Dsg2cacs. Co-treatment with sEVs derived from Dsg2-over-expressing cells increased xenograft size. Cytokine profiling revealed, Dsg2 enhanced both soluble and sEV-associated IL-8 and miRNA profiling revealed, Dsg2 down-regulated both cellular and sEV-loaded miR-146a. miR-146a targets IRAK1, a serine-threonine kinase involved in IL-8 signalling. Treatment with a miR-146a inhibitor up-regulated both IRAK1 and IL-8 expression. RNAseq analysis of HNSCC tumours revealed a correlation between Dsg2 and IL-8. Finally, elevated IL-8 plasma levels were detected in a subset of HNSCC patients who did not respond to immune checkpoint therapy, suggesting that these patients may benefit from prior anti-IL-8 treatment. In summary, these results suggest that intercellular communication through cell-cell adhesion, cytokine release and secretion of EVs are coordinated, and critical for tumour growth and development, and may serve as potential prognostic markers to inform treatment options. Abbreviations Basal cell carcinomas, BCC; Betacellulin, BTC; 2-bromopalmitate, 2-Bromo; Cluster of differentiation, CD; Cytochrome c oxidase IV, COX IV; Desmoglein 2, Dsg2; Early endosome antigen 1, EEA1; Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15, EPS15; Extracellular vesicle, EV; Flotillin 1, Flot1; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPH; Green fluorescent protein, GFP; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC; Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, IRAK1; Interleukin 8, IL-8; Large EV, lEV; MicroRNA, miR; Palmitoylacyltransferase, PAT; Ras-related protein 7 Rab7; Small EV, sEV; Squamous cell carcinoma, SCC; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP; Tumour microenvironment, TME
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Flemming
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brianna L Hill
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed W Haque
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Raad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Wermuth
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Overmiller
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Qin S, Liao Y, Du Q, Wang W, Huang J, Liu P, Shang C, Liu T, Xia M, Yao S. DSG2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes early-stage cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:206. [PMID: 32514251 PMCID: PMC7268232 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis and developmental mechanism of early-stage (FIGO 2009 IA2-IIA2) cervical cancer (CC) remain unclear. Seeking novel molecular biomarkers based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will facilitate the understanding of CC pathogenesis and help evaluate early-stage CC prognosis. Methods To identify prognosis-related genes in early-stage CC, we analyzed TCGA mRNA-seq data and clinical data by univariate Cox and Kaplan-Meier plotter analyses. Differential expression analysis identified upregulated genes in early-stage CC. Combined with the genes correlated with unfavorable prognosis, we selected desmoglein-2 (DSG2) for further investigation. To detect DSG2 expression in early-stage CC, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The relationship between the expression of DSG2 and clinical features was analyzed by the Chi square test. Cox analysis was applied to assess the relationship between CC overall survival (OS) and risk factors. The correlations between DSG2 expression and CC cell line proliferation and migration were investigated with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and migration assays. Results There were 416 prognosis-related genes in early-stage CC. DSG2, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), homeobox A1 (HOXA1), and serine protease inhibitor B3 (SERPINB3) were upregulated in early-stage CC compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue (ANT) and correlated with unfavorable prognosis. Among them, DSG2 was most significantly correlated with patient survival. Coexpression analysis indicated that DSG2 was probably involved in cell division, positive regulation of transferase activity, positive regulation of cell migration, EGFR upregulation pathway and regulation of lymphangiogenesis. IHC, qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that DSG2 expression was higher in CC than in normal tissue. Significant correlations were identified between DSG2 expression and several aggressive clinical features, including pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that DSG2 and PLNM were independent prognostic factors for OS. DSG2 knockdown inhibited CC cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions DSG2 is a biomarker that promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis and is correlated with poor prognosis in early-stage CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Second Road 58, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
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12
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Quan Z, Zhang BB, Yin F, Du J, Zhi YT, Xu J, Song N. DDX5 Silencing Suppresses the Migration of Basal cell Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819892258. [PMID: 31870221 PMCID: PMC6931141 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819892258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is driven by the aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling. DEAD
(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 is frequently overexpressed in human cancer cells and
associated with the tumor growth and invasion. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the role of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 in the growth, migration, and
invasion of basal cell carcinoma. The role of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 was
detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay in
basal cell carcinoma cells. The associations between JAK2/STAT3 pathway and DEAD
(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 were analyzed in basal cell carcinoma cells. Results
showed that DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 is overexpressed in basal cell carcinoma
cells. DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion
of basal cell carcinoma cells. DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 knockdown increased
the apoptosis of basal cell carcinoma cells induced by tunicamycin. Results found that
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 knockdown increased JAK2 and STAT3 expression in
basal cell carcinoma cells. JAK2 inhibitor decreased STAT3 expression and abolished the
inhibitory effects of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 silencing on migration and
invasion in basal cell carcinoma cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that DEAD
(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box protein 5 is a potential target for inhibiting basal cell carcinoma
cells growth, migration, and invasion by downregulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Quan
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiru Du
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhi
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjing Song
- Department of Dematology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun R, Ma C, Wang W, Yang S. Upregulation of desmoglein 2 and its clinical value in lung adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive analysis by multiple bioinformatics methods. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8420. [PMID: 32095325 PMCID: PMC7024574 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Desmoglein-2 (DSG2), a desmosomal adhesion molecule, is found to be closely related to tumorigenesis in recent years. However, the clinical value of DSG2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression of DSG2 in 40 paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine datasets were also downloaded and analyzed. The correlation between DSG2 and clinicopathological features was investigated. The expression of DSG2 protein by immunohistochemical was also detected from tissue microarray and the Human Protein Atlas database. Integrated meta-analysis combining the three sources (qRT-PCR data, TCGA data and Oncomine datasets) was performed to evaluate the clinical value of DSG2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the prognostic value of DSG2. Then, co-expressed genes were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression level in lung adenocarcinoma and prognostic significance of the top ten co-expressed genes were searched from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) online database. Results DSG2 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues based on qRT-PCR, TCGA and Oncomine datasets. The protein expression of DSG2 was also higher in lung adenocarcinoma. According to qRT-PCR and TCGA, high DSG2 expression was positively associated with tumor size (p = 0.027, p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014, p < 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.023, p < 0.001). The combined standard mean difference values of DSG2 expression based on the three sources were 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.52) using random effect model. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.73 (95% CI [0.69–0.76]) and 0.96 (95% CI [0.89–0.98]). The area under the curve based on summarized receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.79 (95% CI [0.75–0.82]). Survival analysis revealed that high DSG2 expression was associated with a short overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.638; 95% CI [1.214–2.209], p = 0.001) and poor progression-free survival (HR = 1.475; 95% CI [1.102–1.974], p < 0.001). A total of 215 co-expressed genes were identified. According to GO and KEGG analyses, these co-expressed genes may be involved in “cell division”, “cytosol”, “ATP binding” and “cell cycle”. Based on GEPIA database, seven of the top ten co-expressed genes were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (DSC2, SLC2A1, ARNTL2, ERO1L, ECT2, ANLN and LAMC2). High expression of these genes had shorter overall survival. Conclusions The expression of DSG2 is related to the tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Also, DSG2 predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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