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Okumura K, Morinaga T, Saito M, Tokunaga Y, Otoyama K, Tanaka S, Isogai E, Kawazu M, Togashi Y, Araki K, Wakabayashi Y. Deletion of Pak1 in CD11c-Positive Cells Confers Resistance to Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1890-1893.e5. [PMID: 38325578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yurika Tokunaga
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Otoyama
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sora Tanaka
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan; Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Chuouku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
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Okumura K, Morinaga T, Saito M, Tokunaga Y, Otoyama K, Tanaka S, Isogai E, Kawazu M, Togashi Y, Hasegawa Y, Wakabayashi Y. Targeting PAK1 is effective against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a syngenic mouse model. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38898727 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
By taking advantage of forward genetic analysis in mice, we have demonstrated that Pak1 plays a crucial role during DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis. Although Pak1 has been considered to promote cancer development, its overall function remains poorly understood. To clarify the functional significance of Pak1 in detail, we sought to evaluate the possible effect of an allosteric inhibitor against PAK1 (NVS-PAK1-1) on a syngeneic mouse model. To this end, we established two cell lines, 9AS1 and 19AS1, derived from DMBA/TPA-induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that engrafted in FVB mice. Based on our present results, NVS-PAK1-1 treatment significantly inhibited the growth of tumors derived from 9AS1 and 19AS1 cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing analysis on the engrafted tumors indicates that NVS-PAK1-1 markedly potentiates the epidermal cell differentiation and enhances the immune response in the engrafted tumors. Consistent with these observations, we found an expansion of Pan-keratin-positive regions and potentially elevated infiltration of CD8-positive immune cells in NVS-PAK1-1-treated tumors as examined by immunohistochemical analyses. Together, our present findings strongly suggest that PAK1 is tightly linked to the development of SCC, and that its inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy against SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yurika Tokunaga
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Otoyama
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sora Tanaka
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Okumura K, Saito M, Isogai E, Tokunaga Y, Hasegawa Y, Araki K, Wakabayashi Y. Functional polymorphism in Pak1-3'UTR alters skin tumor susceptibility by alternative polyadenylation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2323-2333.e12. [PMID: 35240107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We identified a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) that is responsible for the Skin tumor modifier of MSM 1a locus. Candidate SNPs in the 3'UTR of Pak1 from resistance strain MSM/Ms were introduced into susceptible strain FVB/N using CRISPR/Cas9. DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis experiments revealed an SNP (Pak1-3'UTR-6C>T: rs31627325) that strongly suppressed skin tumors. Furthermore, Muscleblind-Like Splicing Regulator 1 bound more strongly to FVB-allele (6C/C) and regulated the transcript length in the 3'UTR of Pak1 and tumorigenesis via polyadenylation. Therefore, the alternative polyadenylation of Pak1 is cis-regulated by rs31627325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yurika Tokunaga
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7, Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
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Okumura K, Saito M, Wakabayashi Y. A wild-derived inbred mouse strain, MSM/Ms, provides insights into novel skin tumor susceptibility genes. Exp Anim 2021; 70:272-283. [PMID: 33776021 PMCID: PMC8390311 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most catastrophic human genetic diseases. Experimental animal cancer models are essential for gaining insights into the complex
interactions of different cells and genes in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Mouse models have been extensively used to analyze the genetic basis
of cancer susceptibility. They have led to the identification of multiple loci that confer, either alone or in specific combinations, an increased
susceptibility to cancer, some of which have direct translatability to human cancer. Additionally, wild-derived inbred mouse strains are an advantageous
reservoir of novel genetic polymorphisms of cancer susceptibility genes, because of the evolutionary divergence between wild and classical inbred strains. Here,
we review mapped Stmm (skintumor modifier of MSM) loci using a Japanese wild-derived inbred mouse strain, MSM/Ms, and describe recent advances
in our knowledge of the genes responsible for Stmm loci in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
(DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) two-stage skin carcinogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Cancer Genome Center, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Cancer Genome Center, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Cancer Genome Center, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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The Japanese Wild-Derived Inbred Mouse Strain, MSM/Ms in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051026. [PMID: 33804471 PMCID: PMC7957744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MSM/Ms is a unique inbred mouse strain derived from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, which has been approximately 1 million years genetically distant from standard inbred mouse strains mainly derived from M. m. domesticus. Due to its genetic divergence, MSM/Ms has been broadly used in linkage studies. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed for the MSM/Ms genome, and sequence analysis of the MSM/Ms genome showed approximately 1% of nucleotides differed from those in the commonly used inbred mouse strain, C57BL/6J. Therefore, MSM/Ms mice are thought to be useful for functional genome studies. MSM/Ms mice show unique characteristics of phenotypes, including its smaller body size, resistance to high-fat-diet-induced diabetes, high locomotive activity, and resistance to age-onset hearing loss, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, which are distinct from those of common inbred mouse strains. Furthermore, ES (Embryonic Stem) cell lines established from MSM/Ms allow the MSM/Ms genome to be genetically manipulated. Therefore, genomic and phenotypic analyses of MSM/Ms reveal novel insights into gene functions that were previously not obtained from research on common laboratory strains. Tumorigenesis-related MSM/Ms-specific genetic traits have been intensively investigated in Japan. Furthermore, radiation-induced thymic lymphomas and chemically-induced skin tumors have been extensively examined using MSM/Ms.
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