1
|
Escalé-Besa A, Vidal-Alaball J, Miró Catalina Q, Gracia VHG, Marin-Gomez FX, Fuster-Casanovas A. The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Skin Disease Diagnosis in Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1192. [PMID: 38921305 PMCID: PMC11202856 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of dermatological conditions in primary care, coupled with challenges such as dermatologist shortages and rising consultation costs, highlights the need for innovative solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise for improving the diagnostic analysis of skin lesion images, potentially enhancing patient care in primary settings. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines examined primary studies (2012-2022) assessing AI algorithms' diagnostic accuracy for skin diseases in primary care. Studies were screened for eligibility based on their availability in the English language and exclusion criteria, with risk of bias evaluated using QUADAS-2. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Fifteen studies (2019-2022), primarily from Europe and the USA, focusing on diagnostic accuracy were included. Sensitivity ranged from 58% to 96.1%, with accuracies varying from 0.41 to 0.93. AI applications encompassed triage and diagnostic support across diverse skin conditions in primary care settings, involving both patients and primary care professionals. While AI demonstrates potential for enhancing the accuracy of skin disease diagnostics in primary care, further research is imperative to address study heterogeneity and ensure algorithm reliability across diverse populations. Future investigations should prioritise robust dataset development and consider representative patient samples. Overall, AI may improve dermatological diagnosis in primary care, but careful consideration of algorithm limitations and implementation strategies is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Escalé-Besa
- Centre d’Atenció Primària Navàs-Balsareny, Institut Català de la Salut, 08670 Navàs, Spain;
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència d’Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (Q.M.C.); (F.X.M.-G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència d’Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (Q.M.C.); (F.X.M.-G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 082424 Manresa, Spain;
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència d’Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (Q.M.C.); (F.X.M.-G.)
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 082424 Manresa, Spain;
| | | | - Francesc X. Marin-Gomez
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència d’Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, 08242 Manresa, Spain; (Q.M.C.); (F.X.M.-G.)
- Servei d’Atenció Primària Osona, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de La Salut, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Aïna Fuster-Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 082424 Manresa, Spain;
- eHealth Lab Research Group, School of Health Sciences and eHealth Centre, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Zhou AE, Jain N, Gronbeck C, Feng H, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of artificial intelligence in dermatology. Clin Dermatol 2024; 42:313-316. [PMID: 38401700 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology holds promise for enhancing clinical accuracy, enabling earlier detection of skin malignancies, suggesting potential management of skin lesions and eruptions, and promoting improved continuity of care. AI implementation in dermatology, however, raises several ethical concerns. This review explores the current benefits and challenges associated with AI integration, underscoring ethical considerations related to autonomy, informed consent, and privacy. We also examine the ways in which beneficence, nonmaleficence, and distributive justice may be impacted. Clarifying the role of AI, striking a balance between security and transparency, fostering open dialogue with our patients, collaborating with developers of AI, implementing educational initiatives for dermatologists and their patients, and participating in the establishment of regulatory guidelines are essential to navigating ethical and responsible AI incorporation into dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Conneticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neelesh Jain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Conneticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christian Gronbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Conneticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Conneticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Conneticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Furriel BCRS, Oliveira BD, Prôa R, Paiva JQ, Loureiro RM, Calixto WP, Reis MRC, Giavina-Bianchi M. Artificial intelligence for skin cancer detection and classification for clinical environment: a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1305954. [PMID: 38259845 PMCID: PMC10800812 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1305954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most common forms worldwide, with a significant increase in incidence over the last few decades. Early and accurate detection of this type of cancer can result in better prognoses and less invasive treatments for patients. With advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), tools have emerged that can facilitate diagnosis and classify dermatological images, complementing traditional clinical assessments and being applicable where there is a shortage of specialists. Its adoption requires analysis of efficacy, safety, and ethical considerations, as well as considering the genetic and ethnic diversity of patients. Objective The systematic review aims to examine research on the detection, classification, and assessment of skin cancer images in clinical settings. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, encompassing studies published until April 4th, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results were subsequently presented through a narrative synthesis. Results Through the search, 760 studies were identified in four databases, from which only 18 studies were selected, focusing on developing, implementing, and validating systems to detect, diagnose, and classify skin cancer in clinical settings. This review covers descriptive analysis, data scenarios, data processing and techniques, study results and perspectives, and physician diversity, accessibility, and participation. Conclusion The application of artificial intelligence in dermatology has the potential to revolutionize early detection of skin cancer. However, it is imperative to validate and collaborate with healthcare professionals to ensure its clinical effectiveness and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brunna C. R. S. Furriel
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Studies and Researches in Science and Technology Group (GCITE), Federal Institute of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Bruno D. Oliveira
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Prôa
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joselisa Q. Paiva
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Loureiro
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley P. Calixto
- Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Studies and Researches in Science and Technology Group (GCITE), Federal Institute of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Márcio R. C. Reis
- Imaging Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Studies and Researches in Science and Technology Group (GCITE), Federal Institute of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ndlovu K, Stein N, Gaopelo R, Annechino M, Molwantwa MC, Monkge M, Forrestel A, Williams VL. Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptance of a Mobile Clinical Decision Support System in a Resource-Limited Country: Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48946. [PMID: 37815861 PMCID: PMC10599284 DOI: 10.2196/48946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In resource-limited countries, access to specialized health care services such as dermatology is limited. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) offer innovative solutions to address this challenge. However, the implementation of CDSSs is commonly associated with unique challenges. VisualDx-an exemplar CDSS-was recently implemented in Botswana to provide reference materials in support of the diagnosis and management of dermatological conditions. To inform the sustainable implementation of VisualDx in Botswana, it is important to evaluate the intended users' perceptions about the technology. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine health care workers' acceptance of VisualDx to gauge the feasibility of future adoption in Botswana and other similar health care systems. METHODS The study's design was informed by constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model. An explanatory, sequential, mixed methods study involving surveys and semistructured interviews was conducted. The REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University) platform supported web-based data capture from March 2021 through August 2021. In total, 28 health care workers participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were generated and analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Corp), and thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed using Delve software. RESULTS All survey respondents (N=28) expressed interest in using mobile health technology to support their work. Before VisualDx, participants referenced textbooks, journal articles, and Google search engines. Overall, participants' survey responses showed their confidence in VisualDx (18/19, 95%); however, some barriers were noted. Frequently used VisualDx features included generating a differential diagnosis through manual entry of patient symptoms (330/681, 48.5% of total uses) or using the artificial intelligence feature to analyze skin conditions (150/681, 22% of total uses). Overall, 61% (17/28) of the survey respondents were also interviewed, and 4 thematic areas were derived. CONCLUSIONS Participants' responses indicated their willingness to accept VisualDx. The ability to access information quickly without internet connection is crucial in resource-constrained environments. Selected enhancements to VisualDx may further increase its feasibility in Botswana. Study findings can serve as the basis for improving future CDSS studies and innovations in Botswana and similar resource-limited countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kagiso Ndlovu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nate Stein
- Department of Product Management, VisualDx, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ruth Gaopelo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Michael Annechino
- Department of Business Development, Unleash, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mmoloki C Molwantwa
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mosadikhumo Monkge
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Amy Forrestel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria L Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghaffar A, Xie Y, Antinozzi P, Ryan Wolf J. RISREAC Study: Assessment of Cutaneous Radiation Injury Through Clinical Documentation. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e486. [PMID: 37680193 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation dermatitis (RD) occurs in 95% of patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for cancer treatment, affecting 800 million patients annually. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a historical RD cohort, Radiation Induced Skin Reactions (RISREAC) cohort. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated RD-related clinical documentation for 245 breast cancer patients who received RT at the University of Rochester Medical Center, to understand the RD progression, scoring, and management. All statistical analyses were performed at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS Clinician-documented RD severity was observed for 169 (69%) patients with a mean severity of 1.57 [1.46, 1.68]. The mean descriptor-based severity score of 2.31 [2.18, 2.45] moderately correlated (r = 0.532, P < 0.0001) with documented RD grade. Most patients (91.8%) received skin care treatment during RT, with 66.7% receiving more than 2 modalities. CONCLUSIONS The RISREAC cohort is the first retrospective cohort established from clinical documentation of radiation-induced skin changes for the study of RD and cutaneous radiation injury (CRI). RD symptom descriptors were more reliably documented and suitable for all skin types compared to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) or Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grades. A new descriptor-based scoring tool would be useful for RD and CRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Ghaffar
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yunna Xie
- Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Julie Ryan Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen CN, Urquieta E. Contemporary review of dermatologic conditions in space flight and future implications for long-duration exploration missions. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 36:147-156. [PMID: 36682824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future planned exploration missions to outer space will almost surely require the longest periods of continuous space exposure by the human body yet. As the most external organ, the skin seems the most vulnerable to injury. Therefore, discussion of the dermatological implications of such extended-duration missions is critical. OBJECTIVES In order to help future missions understand the risks of spaceflight on the human skin, this review aims to consolidate data from the current literature pertaining to the space environment and its physiologic effects on skin, describe all reported dermatologic manifestations in spaceflight, and extrapolate this information to longer-duration mission. METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords and Mesh terms. The publications that were found to be relevant to the objectives were included and described. RESULTS The space environment causes changes in the skin at the cellular level by thinning the epidermis, altering wound healing, and dysregulating the immune system. Clinically, dermatological conditions represented the most common medical issues occurring in spaceflight. We predict that as exploration missions increase in duration, astronauts will experience further physiological changes and an increased rate and severity of adverse events. CONCLUSION Maximizing astronaut safety requires a continued knowledge of the human body's response to space, as well as consideration and prediction of future events. Dermatologic effects of space missions comprise the majority of health-related issues arising on missions to outer space, and these issues are likely to become more prominent with increasing time spent in space. Improvements in hygiene may mitigate some of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Urquieta
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston TX, United States; Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Luo Y, Wang Z, Hounye AH, Cao C, Hou M, Zhang J. A cell phone app for facial acne severity assessment. APPL INTELL 2023; 53:7614-7633. [PMID: 35919632 PMCID: PMC9336136 DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease, can cause substantial economic and psychological impacts to the people it affects, and its accurate grading plays a crucial role in the treatment of patients. In this paper, we firstly proposed an acne grading criterion that considers lesion classifications and a metric for producing accurate severity ratings. Due to similar appearance of acne lesions with comparable severities and difficult-to-count lesions, severity assessment is a challenging task. We cropped facial skin images of several lesion patches and then addressed the acne lesion with a lightweight acne regular network (Acne-RegNet). Acne-RegNet was built by using a median filter and histogram equalization to improve image quality, a channel attention mechanism to boost the representational power of network, a region-based focal loss to handle classification imbalances and a model pruning and feature-based knowledge distillation to reduce model size. After the application of Acne-RegNet, the severity score is calculated, and the acne grading is further optimized by the metadata of the patients. The entire acne assessment procedure was deployed to a mobile device, and a phone app was designed. Compared with state-of-the-art lightweight models, the proposed Acne-RegNet significantly improves the accuracy of lesion classifications. The acne app demonstrated promising results in severity assessments (accuracy: 94.56%) and showed a dermatologist-level diagnosis on the internal clinical dataset.The proposed acne app could be a useful adjunct to assess acne severity in clinical practice and it enables anyone with a smartphone to immediately assess acne, anywhere and anytime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoju Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of dermatology of Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China.,Science and Engineering School, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Alphonse Houssou Hounye
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Cong Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Muzhou Hou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan Uninversity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China.,Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daneshjou R, Smith MP, Sun MD, Rotemberg V, Zou J. Lack of Transparency and Potential Bias in Artificial Intelligence Data Sets and Algorithms: A Scoping Review. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:1362-1369. [PMID: 34550305 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Clinical artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have the potential to improve clinical care, but fair, generalizable algorithms depend on the clinical data on which they are trained and tested. Objective To assess whether data sets used for training diagnostic AI algorithms addressing skin disease are adequately described and to identify potential sources of bias in these data sets. Data Sources In this scoping review, PubMed was used to search for peer-reviewed research articles published between January 1, 2015, and November 1, 2020, with the following paired search terms: deep learning and dermatology, artificial intelligence and dermatology, deep learning and dermatologist, and artificial intelligence and dermatologist. Study Selection Studies that developed or tested an existing deep learning algorithm for triage, diagnosis, or monitoring using clinical or dermoscopic images of skin disease were selected, and the articles were independently reviewed by 2 investigators to verify that they met selection criteria. Consensus Process Data set audit criteria were determined by consensus of all authors after reviewing existing literature to highlight data set transparency and sources of bias. Results A total of 70 unique studies were included. Among these studies, 1 065 291 images were used to develop or test AI algorithms, of which only 257 372 (24.2%) were publicly available. Only 14 studies (20.0%) included descriptions of patient ethnicity or race in at least 1 data set used. Only 7 studies (10.0%) included any information about skin tone in at least 1 data set used. Thirty-six of the 56 studies developing new AI algorithms for cutaneous malignant neoplasms (64.3%) met the gold standard criteria for disease labeling. Public data sets were cited more often than private data sets, suggesting that public data sets contribute more to new development and benchmarks. Conclusions and Relevance This scoping review identified 3 issues in data sets that are used to develop and test clinical AI algorithms for skin disease that should be addressed before clinical translation: (1) sparsity of data set characterization and lack of transparency, (2) nonstandard and unverified disease labels, and (3) inability to fully assess patient diversity used for algorithm development and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Daneshjou
- Stanford Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Redwood City, California.,Stanford Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary D Sun
- currently a medical student at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Veronica Rotemberg
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|