Nanoplates of cobalt phosphonate with two-dimensional structure and its competitive adsorption of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions

The effect of hydrophobic chains on retarding performance of retarding acids

Acidizing retarders are used to reduce the reaction rate between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbonates to increase the efficiency of acidification of oil and gas wells and increase oil and gas recovery. We synthesized two polymeric acidizing retarders (AR-1 and AR-2) to explore ways to improve the efficiency of this process. Retarder AR-1 is based on acrylamide (AM) and allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG-1000), and retarder AR-2 is composed of AM, APEG-1000, and octadecyl dimethyl allyl ammonium chloride (C-18). The molecular structures of AR-1 and AR-2 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). The retarding performance and acid–rock reaction rates of AR-1 and AR-2 were evaluated, and the experimental results indicated that AR-2 had a better retarding performance than AR-1, and the acid–rock reaction rate of AR-1 was higher than AR-2. This could be because AR-2 with its hydrophobic chains forms a thicker adsorbed film. This was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and adsorption behavior studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, contact angle, and XPS results showed that both retarders form adsorption films on the surface of rocks, indicating that the introduction of AM and APEG-1000 makes the retarder adsorb on rock surfaces. The introduction of hydrophobic chains for AR-2 enhanced the thickness of adsorbed film, indicating that adding hydrophobic chains to the acidizing retarder significantly improves its retarding performance.

Acidizing retarders are used to reduce the reaction rate between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbonates to increase the efficiency of acidification of oil and gas wells and increase oil and gas recovery.