Preparation of Co–Mo supported multi-wall carbon nanotube for hydrocracking of extra heavy oil

Carbon precursors in coal tar: Extraction and preparation of carbon materials

Coke resources are abundantly available worldwide and are a large by-product of tar production. Moreover, their utilization presents a series of environmental pollution problems. Common technologies for coal tar production applications urgently need to be upgraded because coal tar is listed as a national hazardous waste. This review associates coal tar development with deep processing technology for extracting environmentally beneficial compounds from coal tar, which have never been reported. Recent studies on the innovative approaches for extracting phenols and nitrogen-containing compounds from coal tar have been addressed, as well as a preparation method of carbon materials with high catalytic activity and a well-ordered structure by confined polymerization. Tremendous demand for further research and exploration of selectively extracted compounds from coal tar implies a new opportunity for polymerizing the resin and a great challenge for the current technology implemented for valorizing coal tar into ordered carbon materials. Consequently, more concerted efforts should be implemented to achieve a wide range of polymer resin applications and improve the quality of carbon precursors extracted from the coal tar, thus increasing the economic benefit and scientific value of coal tar.

Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

Cobalt supported on carbon nanotubes for methane chemical vapor deposition for the production of new carbon nanotubes

Well-structured CNT were produced over Co/CNT catalysts. The final products do not require a purification procedure for support catalyst removal.