Dityrosine-based substrates for the selective and sensitive assay of thermolysin

Specificity-directed design of a FRET-quenched heptapeptide for assaying thermolysin-like proteases

Thermolysin (TL) is an industrially important zinc endopeptidase, and the prototype of the M4 family of metallopeptidases. The catalytic function of TL and its relatives is typically assessed using chromogenic or more sensitive fluorescent peptides, with the latter substrates relying on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here, we demonstrate that a FRET-quenched heptapeptide designed on the basis of the enzyme's substrate specificity (Dabcyl-FKFLGKE-EDANS) is efficiently cleaved by TL and dispase (a TL-like protease) in between the Phe3 and Leu4 residues. The specificity constants (determined at pH 7.4 and 25 °C) for TL and dispase (3.6 × 10⁶ M^-1 s^-1 and 4.6 × 10⁶ M^-1 s^-1, respectively) were found to be amongst the highest documented for any TL substrate. Maximal peptide cleavage rates were achieved at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 65 °C. In view of the sensitivity of the assay, concentrations as low as 10 pM TL could be detected. Furthermore, the rate of hydrolysis of Dabcyl-FKFLGKE-EDANS was slow or immeasurable with some other unrelated metallo-, serine- and cysteine proteases, suggesting that the peptide has the potential to serve as a selective substrate for TL and TL-like proteases.