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Abstract
The spent automobile catalysts (SAC) is the major secondary source of palladium and the production of SAC is increasing rapidly over years. The price of palladium keeps rising over the years, which demonstrates its preciousness and urgent industrial demand. Recovering palladium from the spent automobile catalysts benefits a lot from economic and environmental protection aspects. This review aims to provide some new considerations of recovering palladium from the spent automotive catalysts by summarizing and discussing both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods. The processes of pretreatment, leaching/extraction, and separation/recovery of palladium from the spent catalysts are introduced, and related reaction mechanisms and process flows are given, especially detailed for hydrometallurgical methods. Hydrometallurgical methods such as chloride leaching with oxidants possess a high selectivity of palladium and low consumption of energy, and are cost-effective and flexible for different volume feeds compared with pyrometallurgical methods. The recovery ratios of palladium and other platinum-group metals should be the focus of competition since their prices have been rapidly increased over the years, and hence more efficient extractants with high selectivity of palladium even in the complexed leachate should be proposed in the future.
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An Integrated Capture of Red Mud and One-Step Heat-Treatment Process to Recover Platinum Group Metals and Prepare Glass-Ceramics from Spent Auto-Catalysts. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Co-treatment for two kinds of hazardous solid waste is an effective method to reduce cost and increase recycle efficiency of value resource. This work developed an integrated process based on capture of red mud (RM) and a one-step heat-treatment process to efficiently recover PGMs from spent auto-catalysts (SAC) and reuse RM simultaneously. Firstly, the iron oxide in RM was reduced to metallic iron to capture PGMs by the reduction process, without the addition of an extra reducing agent, since SAC contained abundant organic volatiles. Then, the mixed waste of SAC and RM was melted under high temperature with additives of CaO and H3BO3. More than 99% of PGMs can be extracted under the optimal conditions of 40–50 wt% of RM addition, 14 wt% of H3BO3 addition, 0.7–0.8 of basicity, 1500 °C of temperature, and 40 min of holding time. In addition, PGM content in obtained glassy slag was less than 1 g/t. The mechanism of iron trapping PGMs was also discussed in detailed, which mainly contained two stages: migration of PGMs and separation of PGM-bearing alloy and slag phases. Besides, the obtained glassy slag was further prepared into glass-ceramic by a one-step heat-treatment process. It was found that the prepared glass-ceramic has good thermostability and an excellent stabilizing effect on heavy metals. Overall, the results indicated that the developed integrated smelting–collection process is an efficient and promising method for the reutilization of SAC and RM.
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Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobalt-Doped Ceria Embedded on Nitrogen, Sulfur-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as an Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N, S-doped rGO was successfully synthesized and embedded Co-doped CeO2 via hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure, surface morphology and elemental composition of the prepared catalyst were studied by XRD, Raman spectra, SEM, TEM and XPS analyses. The synthesized electrocatalyst exhibits high onset and halfwave potential during the ORR. This result shows that a combination of N- and S-doped rGO and Co-doped CeO2 leads to a synergistic effect in catalyzing the ORR in alkaline media. Co–CeO2/N, S–rGO displays enhanced ORR performance compared to bare CeO2. The superior stability of the prepared catalyst implies its potential applications beyond fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
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Zhao F, Li S, Chen Y. Enhanced thermal stability and oxygen storage capacity of ceria-zirconia prepared by flame spray pyrolysis under high temperature. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen S, Hou Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Huang X. Enhanced thermal stability of Ce0.33Zr0.55(LaNdY)0.12O2 mixed oxides prepared by sulfate-aided coprecipitation method. J RARE EARTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sridharan M, Maiyalagan T. Enhanced oxygen reduction activity of bimetallic Pd–Ag alloy-supported on mesoporous cerium oxide electrocatalysts in alkaline media. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the rational design and fabrication of Pt-free electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction for extensive applications in fuel cells is a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sridharan
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Maiyalagan
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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The role of surface sulfation in mediating the acidity and oxidation ability of nickel modified ceria catalyst for the catalytic elimination of chlorinated organics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Anzorena RS, Toscani LM, Larrondo SA. Ce0.9
Zr0.1
O2
Mixed Oxide Prepared by the Citrate Route: Impact of Synthesis Conditions on Physicochemical and Redox Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Suarez Anzorena
- UNIDEF, MINDEF, CONICET, Departamento de Investigaciones en Sólidos, CITEDEF; J. B. de la Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Lucía M. Toscani
- Departamento de Caracterización de Materiales; INN-CONICET-CNEA; 9500 S. C. de Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad de San Martín; 25 de Mayo y Francia 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Susana A. Larrondo
- UNIDEF, MINDEF, CONICET, Departamento de Investigaciones en Sólidos, CITEDEF; J. B. de la Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad de San Martín; 25 de Mayo y Francia 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
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Li S, Zhang H, Dan Y, Deng J, Wang J, Xiong L, Chen Y. Design and synthetize highly active Pd-only three-way catalyst by optimizing the reducibility of CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 support. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li S, Li X, Dan Y, Jiao Y, Deng J, Xiong L, Wang J, Chen Y. Designed synthesis of nanostructured Al2O3 stabilized homogeneous CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution as highly active support for Pd-only three-way catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lan L, Wang J, Chen S, Li D, Li H, Liu D, Wang W, Chen Y. Enhanced activity and hydrothermal stability of Rh-based three-way catalyst for emission control from motorcycles with the assistance of monoethanolamine. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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