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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Yazdani S, Mozaffarian M, Pazuki G, Hadidi N, Villate-Beitia I, Zárate J, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38399344 PMCID: PMC10891563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapeutics are promising for treating diseases at the genetic level, with some already validated for clinical use. Recently, nanostructures have emerged for the targeted delivery of genetic material. Nanomaterials, exhibiting advantageous properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, facile functionalization, substantial loading capacity, and tunable physicochemical characteristics, are recognized as non-viral vectors in gene therapy applications. Despite progress, current non-viral vectors exhibit notably low gene delivery efficiency. Progress in nanotechnology is essential to overcome extracellular and intracellular barriers in gene delivery. Specific nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanodiamonds (NDs), and similar carbon-based structures can accommodate diverse genetic materials such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small interference RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). To address challenges such as high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, advancements in the features of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNs) are imperative. This overview delves into three types of CBNs employed as vectors in drug/gene delivery systems, encompassing their synthesis methods, properties, and biomedical applications. Ultimately, we present insights into the opportunities and challenges within the captivating realm of gene delivery using CBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yazdani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Mehrdad Mozaffarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and EM Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), Tehran P.O. Box 131694-3551, Iran;
| | - Ilia Villate-Beitia
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zárate
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Du H, Ye Y, Xu P, Sun J. Experimental and theoretical study on dicationic imidazolium derived poly(ionic liquid)s for catalytic cycloaddition of CO2-epoxide. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li J, Ji S, Yu X, Yuan X, Zhang K, Ren L. Magnetic Poly(ionic liquid)s: Bottlebrush versus Linear Structures. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengqi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Nguyen THA, Tran TQN, Nguyen TNT, Khue Van T, Ngo DH, Kumar S, Cao XT. Deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of poly(furfuryl alcohol) grafted carbon nanotubes: a metal free electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic glucose detection. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02713e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a biomass-based metal-free electrocatalyst for glucose detection. It was observed that the nanocomposites having covalent interactions between the CNTs and PFA exhibited better performance than their analogous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Quynh Ngan Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhat Thang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Khue Van
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dai-Hung Ngo
- Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong 820000, Vietnam
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 Listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xuan Thang Cao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Nigam P. Concentration dependent debundling and single tube dispersions of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with double tail phospholipids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:045604. [PMID: 34663770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac30c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) exist as aggregates of highly entangled tubes due to large aspect ratios and strong Van der Waals interactions among them in their native states. In order to render them suitable for any application, MWNTs need to be separated and dispersed uniformly in a solvent preferably as individual tubes. In the present work, it is demonstrated that a double tail lipid such as 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) is capable of dispersing MWNTs in ethanol. Ultra-stable suspensions were obtained by optimizing two key parameters: DPPE to MWNT weight ratio (ε) and MWNT concentration (c). Stability of the suspensions increased with the increasingεvalue up to an optimum point (ε= 1.8) and then decreased drastically beyond that. CNT dispersions withε= 1.8 were extremely stable (with a Zeta potential of 108.26 ± 2.15 mV) and could be retained in suspended form up to 3 months. Effect of MWNT concentration on disaggregation was very significant and stable suspensions could be formed for MWNT concentrations only below 0.14 mg ml-1. Above this concentration, no stable dispersions could be obtained even withε= 1.8. Compression isotherms of Langmuir monolayers of the DPPE functionalized MWNTs spread at the air water interface were highly repeatable, suggesting that the MWNTs in dispersion were present as separate tubes coated with phospholipids. SEM micrographs of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, deposited at high surface pressures on silicon wafers, show that MWNTs remain as single nanotubes with no signs of reaggregation. TEM micrographs of MWNT suspensions indicated random adsorption of DPPE on MWNTs. Our work makes it possible to explore potential applications of LB films of MWNTs (stabilized by DPPE) in the development of conducting thin films for sensor applications or as supports to immobilize catalysts for heterogenous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nigam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur-208016, India
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Ramesh K, Siboro SA, Kim DW, Lim KT. Ultrasound-accelerated covalent-functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s by Diels-Alder click reaction for supercapacitors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zare Y, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Effects of CNT size, network fraction, and interphase thickness on the tunneling distance between neighboring carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in nanocomposites. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Matandabuzo M, Ajibade PA. Vinyl pyridinium polymeric ionic liquid functionalized carbon nanotube composites as adsorbent for chromium(VI) in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li H, Feng Z, Zhao K, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu J, Song H. Chemically crosslinked liquid crystalline poly(ionic liquid)s/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposite ionogels with superior ionic conductivity, high anisotropic conductivity and a high modulus. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3689-3700. [PMID: 30742194 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of chemically crosslinked liquid crystalline nanocomposite ionogel electrolyte based on poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) with superior ionic conductivity and high anisotropic conductivity was designed and synthesized using the in situ photopolymerization of sheared soft ionogels containing charged halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and ionic liquid monomers. The oriented structure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The chemically crosslinked backbone of the PIL and the addition of HNTs endowed the flexible ionogels with a combined very high modulus (up to 26.7 MPa) and mechanical strength (up to 4.4 MPa). Crucially, the obtained ionogels exhibited high mechanical stability even at temperatures up to 200 °C. Remarkably, in terms of the conductivities, the resulting pre-sheared ionogels displayed superior room temperature ionic conductivity (up to 6 mS cm-1) and a very high conductivity anisotropy ratio (up to 1600), owing to the alignment of the HNTs with oppositely charged surfaces and the high ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolyte PILs. Furthermore, flexible solid-state supercapacitor devices based on the high ion-conductive nanocomposite ionogels were fabricated, which demonstrated high and temperature-dependent specific capacitance, and remarkable cycling stability and flexible performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China.
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