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Wang Y, Su W, Chen J, Xing Y, Zhang H, Qian D. A review of hydrogen chloride removal from calcium- and sodium-based sorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27322-5. [PMID: 37213019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the steady progress of ultra-low emissions in various industries, the management of unconventional pollutants is gradually attracting attention. A such unconventional pollutant that negatively affects many different processes and pieces of equipment is hydrogen chloride (HCl). Although it has strong advantages and potential in the treatment of industrial waste gas and synthesis gas, the process technology of removing HCl by calcium- and sodium-based alkaline powder has not yet been thoroughly studied. The impact of reaction factors on the dechlorination of calcium- and sodium-based sorbents is reviewed, including temperature, particle size, and water form. The most recent developments in sodium- and calcium-based sorbents for capturing hydrogen chloride were presented, and the dechlorination capabilities of various sorbents were contrasted. In the low-temperature range, sodium-based sorbents had a stronger dechlorination impact than calcium-based sorbents. Surface chemical reactions and product layer diffusion between solid sorbents and gases are crucial mechanisms. Meanwhile, the effect of the competitive behavior of SO2 and CO2 with HCl on the dechlorination performance has been taken into account. The mechanism and necessity of selective hydrogen chloride removal are also provided and discussed, and future research directions are pointed out to provide the theoretical basis and technical reference for future industrial practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayi Qian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, China.
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Chen H, Zhan L, Zhou H, Li Z, Chen J, Sun Z, Wu H, Yang L. Release and migration of Hg during desulfurization wastewater evaporation process: Whole process evaluation by experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130180. [PMID: 36272368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hot flue gas evaporation technology is an effective strategy for zero liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater. However, there is a potential risk that heavy metals such as Hg may be released from the wastewater during evaporation, disrupting the original balance of the power plant or even exceeding the Hg emission standard. Wastewater evaporation and Hg release behavior were obtained using a single droplet drying system. At an evaporation temperature of 300 °C, approximately 18.5% of Hg was released in the constant wet-bulb temperature period, and the remaining was released in the following evaporation periods. Furthermore, a fixed-bed experiment, in combination with density functional theory calculations, was used to investigate the possible migration mechanisms of released Hg. The results revealed that high HCl concentration, introduced fly ash, and precipitated evaporation products play a crucial role in the fate of Hg, and 85.3% of Hg finally turned into less harmful particulate-bound Hg. This study provides a new and effective strategy for evaluating the migration process of pollutants in wastewater treatment. Moreover, it will serve as an essential reference for advanced wastewater treatment and heavy metals control technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongkang Sun
- Guangdong Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Energy & Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Hu X, Ji Z, Gu S, Ma Z, Yan Z, Liang Y, Chang H, Liang H. Mapping the research on desulfurization wastewater: Insights from a bibliometric review (1991-2021). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137678. [PMID: 36586446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is a great environmental challenge. This study aimed at the current status and future research trends of desulfurization wastewater by bibliometric analysis. The desulfurization wastewater featured with high sulfate (8000 mg/L), chlorite (8505 mg/L), magnesium (2882 mg/L) and calcium (969 mg/L) but low sodium (801.82 mg/L), and the concentrations of the main contaminants were critically summarized. There was an increasing trend in the annual publications of desulfurization wastewater in the period from 1991 to 2021, with an average growth rate of 15%. Water Science and Technology, Desalination and Water Treatment, Energy & Fuels, Chemosphere, and Journal of Hazardous Materials are the top 5 journals in this field. China was the most productive country (58.3% of global output) and the core country in the international cooperation network. Wordcloud analysis and keyword topic trend demonstrated that removal/treatment of pollutants dominated the global research in the field of desulfurization wastewater. The primary technologies for desulfurization wastewater treatment were systematically evaluated. The physicochemical treatment technologies occupied half of the total treatment methods, while membrane-based integrated processes showed potential applications for beneficial reuse. The challenges and outlook on desulfurization wastewater treatment for achieving zero liquid discharge are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Hu
- State Grid Sichuan Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd., Power Engineering Br., Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhengxuan Ji
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Suhua Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Zeren Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ying Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Sun Z, Zhao N, Feng Y, Liu F, Cai C, Che G, Zhang Y, Wu H, Yang L. Experimental study on the treatment of desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plant by spray evaporation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90791-90802. [PMID: 35871714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pilot-scale evaporation tower system was built to treat the desulfurization wastewater by spray evaporation. The distribution characteristics of Cl- in the wastewater evaporation process were investigated. Besides, the morphology and physicochemical property of solid evaporation products from desulfurization wastewater were analyzed. In addition, the emission characteristics of fine particulates were evaluated. The results indicated that the increase of salt content in desulfurization wastewater increased the mass concentrations of Cl- in three phases, but the proportions of it remained almost unchanged, which were about 10%, 55%, and 35% in the gas phase, outlet solid phase, and bottom solid phase respectively. The increase of flue gas temperature can improve the content of Cl- in the gas phase, while the increase of wastewater pH inhibited the formation of gaseous HCl. The solid evaporation products from desulfurization wastewater had a prismatic crystal structure, which mainly included the sulfate and chloride salts, and the main elements including O, Na, Mg, S, Cl, K, and Ca. Besides, the peak values of particle size distribution in the bottom solid phase and outlet solid phase were 7.67 and 0.32 μm, respectively. For the particulate matters in flue gas, the spray evaporation of desulfurization wastewater can reduce the particle concentration, promote particle agglomeration, reduce the number concentration of fine particles, and improve the removal effect of PM10. When the inlet particle concentration was 7.62 g/m3, it can reduce the particle concentration at the tower outlet to 4.59 g/m3 and reduce the number and mass concentrations of PM10 after ESP by about 43.8% and 36.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkang Sun
- Guangdong Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yongxin Feng
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chenjian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guangmin Che
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Energy & Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Chen H, Liu F, Cai C, Wu H, Yang L. Removal of Hg 2+ from desulfurization wastewater by tannin-immobilized graphene oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17964-17976. [PMID: 34677779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel adsorbent consisting of tannic acid (TA) immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) was proposed and used to remove Hg2+ from desulfurization wastewater. The morphology and physicochemical properties of tannin-immobilized graphene oxide (TAIGO) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results showed that TA was successfully immobilized on GO, and that new functional groups were introduced on TAIGO. The effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and ion components on removal efficiency were evaluated. The adsorption process was found to be complete within 15 min, and the removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The pH value affected the protonation of TAIGO and the form of Hg2+ in wastewater. High concentrations of Cl- and SO32- hindered the adsorption performance, whereas SO42- and cations had a negligible effect. In addition, the excellent economic benefits of TAIGO were analyzed in an economic evaluation, and the Hg2+ removal efficiency remained at 88% after three recycles. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R = 0.9995) was used to fit the adsorption process, and the oxygen-containing functional groups and chelation reaction played critical roles in adsorption. TAIGO is a low-cost adsorbent with high Hg2+ removal efficiency and could be further used in practical desulfurization wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Energy & Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Economic Analysis of Atomization Drying of Concentrated Solution Based on Zero Discharge of Desulphurization Wastewater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, more and more attention has been given to desulphurization wastewater with zero discharge in coal power plants. Atomization drying is part of the main zero discharge technologies at present. Economic analysis of the atomization drying of desulphurization wastewater is beneficial to the formulation of an appropriate operation scheme and to the reduction of operation costs. The economic analysis and sensitivity analysis of different operating conditions such as unit load, the handling capacity of concentrates, and the temperature of the extracted flue gas in the atomization drying process of concentrated desulfurized wastewater were carried out in this paper. The main cost of the drying process came from the influence of flue gas extraction on the overall heat transfer in the boiler, resulting in the decrease in power generation revenue, which can reach more than 80%. The operating cost of auxiliary machinery was relatively low. The cost of treatment for per ton of concentrates increased first and then decreased with the increase in temperature of the extracted flue gas, and it decreased with the increase in the handling capacity of the concentrates. The effect of a unit load on the treatment cost was also related to the temperature of the extracted flue gas, and the optimal flue gas temperature increase to higher temperatures as the unit load decreased. The minimum treatment costs per ton of concentrate ranged from CNY 143.54/t to CNY 158.77/t under different unit loads. Sensitivity analysis showed that the temperature of the extracted flue gas had the greatest impact on treatment cost, and its sensitivity coefficient was 0.0834. The ways in which to improve economic benefits were discussed.
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Spray drying of desulfurization wastewater: Drying characteristics, product analysis and potential risk assessment. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ye X, An X, Zhang H, Wang S, Guo B, Yu A. Process simulation on atomization and evaporation of desulfurization wastewater and its application. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xu Y, Jin B, Zhou Z, Fang W. Experimental and numerical investigations of desulfurization wastewater evaporation in a lab-scale flue gas duct: evaporation and HCl release characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1411-1427. [PMID: 31530253 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1669722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of desulfurization wastewater using flue gas has been considered as a promising technique. However, the release of HCl during the evaporation hinders the application of this technique. Herein, we investigated the evaporation in a laboratory-scale flue duct through experimental and numerical methods. The influences of operating parameters on characteristics of evaporation and HCl release were experimentally explored. The results show that when inlet gas temperature increases from 200°C to 350°C, gaseous HCl concentration significantly increases from 5.02 ppm to 70.96 ppm and HCl release ratio accordingly increases from 1.57% to 17.32%. However, when the wastewater only contains CaCl2, the HCl release is effectively inhibited. Subsequently, the established CFD model was validated with the experiments. It was found that relative deviations between predicted and experimental outlet gas temperatures mostly locate within the range of -10%∼0%. The negative deviations are attributed to the neglect of the crust formation. Numerical studies also reveal that droplet evaporation temperature is close to the wet-bulb temperature of the inlet gas ranging from 321.47 K to 337.85 K. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis shows that when the wastewater contains equimolar MgCl2 and CaCl2, MgCl2·6H2O first crystalizes at about d/d0 = 0.3. However, when the wastewater only contains CaCl2, CaCl2·2H2O begins to crystallize at about d/d0 = 0.25. Before crystallization, the equilibrium partial pressure of HCl is close to 0 Pa, indicating the HCl is mainly released at the particle drying stage. Further analysis suggests HCl should be mainly released from the decomposition of MgCl2·6H2O into MgOHCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- School of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Fang
- School of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ye X, Zhang C, Wang S, Yang D, Guo B, An X, Yu A. Simulation of desulphurization wastewater evaporation through flue gas. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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