1
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Schoetz T, Robinson LE, Gordon LW, Stariha SA, Harris CE, Seong HL, Jones JP, Brandon EJ, Messinger RJ. Elucidating the Role of Electrochemically Formed LiF in Discharge and Aging of Li-CF x Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18722-18733. [PMID: 38587415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fifty years after its introduction, the lithium-carbon monofluoride (Li-CFx) battery still has the highest cell-level specific energy demonstrated in a practical cell format. However, few studies have analyzed how the main electrochemical discharge product, LiF, evolves during the discharge and cell rest periods. To fill this gap in understanding, we investigated molecular-level and interfacial changes in CFx electrodes upon the discharge and aging of Li-CFx cells, revealing the role of LiF beyond that of a simple discharge product. We reveal that electrochemically formed LiF deposits on the surface of the CFx electrode and subsequently partially disperses into the electrolyte to form a colloidal suspension during cell aging, as determined from galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and operando optical light microscopy measurements. Electrochemical LiF formation and LiF dispersion into the electrolyte are distinct competing rate processes that each affect the cell impedance differently. Using knowledge of LiF dispersion and saturation, an in-line EIS method was developed to compute the depth of discharge of CFx cells beyond coulomb counting. Solid-state 19F NMR measurements quantitatively revealed how LiF and CF moieties evolved with discharge. Covalent CF bonds react first, followed by a combination of covalent and ionic CF bonds. Quantitively correlating NMR and electrochemical measurements reveals not only how LiF formation affects cell impedance but also that CF bonds with the most ionic character remain unreacted, which limits realization of the full theoretical specific capacity of the CFx electrode. The results reveal new insights into the electrochemical discharge mechanism of Li-CFx cells and the unique role of LiF in cell discharge and aging, which suggest pretreatment strategies and methods to improve and measure the performance of Li-CFx batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schoetz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Loleth E Robinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Leo W Gordon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Sarah A Stariha
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Celia E Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Hui Li Seong
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - John-Paul Jones
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Erik J Brandon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Robert J Messinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
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2
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Duan H, You Y, Wang G, Ou X, Wen J, Huang Q, Lyu P, Liang Y, Li Q, Huang J, Wang YX, Liu HK, Dou SX, Lai WH. Lithium-Ion Charged Polymer Channels Flattening Lithium Metal Anode. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:78. [PMID: 38190094 PMCID: PMC10774241 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth. Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we construct a lithium nitrate (LiNO3)-implanted electroactive β phase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) crystalline polymorph layer (PHL). The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels. These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes, decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites. The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions. The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0% for 250 cycles in lithium (Li)||copper (Cu) cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm-2 with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%. Furthermore, the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9% after 900 cycles. Impressively, the full cell paired with LiNi0.87Co0.1Mn0.03O2 maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 84.3% after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83. This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO3 in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangze Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Liang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia.
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3
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Choi YJ, Lee YS, Kim JH, Im JS. Optimization of Pore Characteristics of Graphite-Based Anode for Li-Ion Batteries by Control of the Particle Size Distribution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6896. [PMID: 37959493 PMCID: PMC10650451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the reassembly techniques for utilizing fine graphite particles, smaller than 5 µm, as high-efficiency, high-rate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Fine graphite particles of two sizes (0.4-1.2 µm and 5 µm) are utilized, and the mixing ratio of the two particles is varied to control the porosity of the assembled graphite. The packing characteristics of the assembled graphite change based on the mixing ratio of the two types of fine graphite particles, forming assembled graphite with varying porosities. The open porosity of the manufactured assembled graphite samples ranges from 0.94% to 3.55%, while the closed porosity ranges from 21.41% to 26.51%. All the assembled graphite shows improved electrochemical characteristics properties compared with anodes composed solely of fine graphite particles without granulation. The sample assembled by mixing 1.2 µm and 5 µm graphite at a 60:40 ratio exhibits the lowest total porosity (27.45%). Moreover, it exhibits a 92.3% initial Coulombic efficiency (a 4.7% improvement over fine graphite particles) and a capacity of 163.4 mAh/g at a 5C-rate (a 1.9-fold improvement over fine graphite particles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Choi
- Hydrogen & C1 Gas Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Seak Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hong Kim
- Hydrogen & C1 Gas Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Sun Im
- Hydrogen & C1 Gas Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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4
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Liu Q, Jiang W, Xu J, Xu Y, Yang Z, Yoo DJ, Pupek KZ, Wang C, Liu C, Xu K, Zhang Z. A fluorinated cation introduces new interphasial chemistries to enable high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3678. [PMID: 37344449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorides have been identified as a key ingredient in interphases supporting aggressive battery chemistries. While the precursor for these fluorides must be pre-stored in electrolyte components and only delivered at extreme potentials, the chemical source of fluorine so far has been confined to either negatively-charge anions or fluorinated molecules, whose presence in the inner-Helmholtz layer of electrodes, and consequently their contribution to the interphasial chemistry, is restricted. To pre-store fluorine source on positive-charged species, here we show a cation that carries fluorine in its structure is synthesized and its contribution to interphasial chemistry is explored for the very first time. An electrolyte carrying fluorine in both cation and anion brings unprecedented interphasial chemistries that translate into superior battery performance of a lithium-metal battery, including high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.98%, and Li0-dendrite prevention for 900 hours. The significance of this fluorinated cation undoubtedly extends to other advanced battery systems beyond lithium, all of which universally require kinetic protection of highly fluorinated interphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Yoo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Krzysztof Z Pupek
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
| | - Zhengcheng Zhang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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5
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Choi YJ, Choi JB, Im JS, Kim JH. Effect of Porosity in Activated Carbon Supports for Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19772-19780. [PMID: 37305319 PMCID: PMC10249091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon supports for Si deposition with different porosities were prepared, and the effect of porosity on the electrochemical characteristics was investigated. The porosity of the support is a key parameter affecting the Si deposition mechanism and the stability of the electrode. In the Si deposition mechanism, as the porosity of activated carbon increases, the effect of particle size reduction due to the uniform dispersion of Si was confirmed. This implies that the porosity of activated carbon can affect the rate performance. However, excessively high porosity reduced the contact area between Si and activated carbon, resulting in poor electrode stability. Therefore, controlling the porosity of activated carbon is essential to improving the electrochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Choi
- C1
Gas & Carbon Convergent Research, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Bin Choi
- C1
Gas & Carbon Convergent Research, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Im
- C1
Gas & Carbon Convergent Research, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced
Materials and Chemical Engineering, University
of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- C1
Gas & Carbon Convergent Research, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ha S, Jeong SG, Lim C, Min CG, Lee YS. Application of Thermally Fluorinated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive to an Li 4Ti 5O 12 Lithium Ion Battery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:995. [PMID: 36985889 PMCID: PMC10059772 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by thermal fluorination to improve dispersibility between MWCNTs and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and were used as additives to compensate for the disadvantages of LTO anode materials with low electronic conductivity. The degree of fluorination of the MWCNTs was controlled by modifying the reaction time at constant fluorination temperature; the clear structure and surface functional group changes in the MWCNTs due to the degree of fluorination were determined. In addition, the homogeneous dispersion in the LTO was improved due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine. The F-MWCNT conductive additive was shown to exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In particular, the optimized LTO with added fluorinated MWCNTs not only exhibited a high specific capacity of 104.8 mAh g-1 at 15.0 C but also maintained a capacity of ~116.8 mAh g-1 at a high rate of 10.0 C, showing a capacity almost 1.4 times higher than that of LTO with the addition of pristine MWCNTs and an improvement in the electrical conductivity. These results can be ascribed to the fact that the semi-ionic C-F bond of the fluorinated MWCNTs reacts with the Li metal during the charge/discharge process to form LiF, and the fluorinated MWCNTs are converted into MWCNTs to increase the conductivity due to the bridge effect of the conductive additive, carbon black, with LTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.H.)
| | - Seo Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.H.)
| | - Chaehun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.H.)
| | - Chung Gi Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.H.)
| | - Young-Seak Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.H.)
- Institute of Carbon Fusion Technology (InCFT), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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7
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Myeong S, Lim C, Kim S, Lee YS. High-efficiency oil/water separation of hydrophobic stainless steel Mesh filter through carbon and fluorine surface treatment. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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8
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Park HG, Son YK, Kim J, Lee JS. Dual-effect-assisted cross-linkable poly(N-allyl-vinylimidazolium) ·TFSI− as alternative electrode binder of lithium-ion battery. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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9
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High stability of solid electrolyte interphase in lithium metal batteries enabled by direct fluorination on metal iron powder. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Kim JY, Kim JY, Kim YJ, Lee J, Cho KK, Kim JH, Byeon JW. Influence of Mechanical Fatigue at Different States of Charge on Pouch-Type Li-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5557. [PMID: 36013694 PMCID: PMC9413291 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since flexible devices are being used in various states of charge (SoCs), it is important to investigate SoCs that are durable against external mechanical deformations. In this study, the effects of a mechanical fatigue test under various initial SoCs of batteries were investigated. More specifically, ultrathin pouch-type Li-ion polymer batteries with different initial SoCs were subjected to repeated torsional stress and then galvanostatically cycled 200 times. The cycle performance of the cells after the mechanical test was compared to investigate the effect of the initial SoCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to analyze the interfacial resistance changes of the anode and cathode in the cycled cells. When the initial SoC was at 70% before mechanical deformation, both electrodes well maintained their initial state during the mechanical fatigue test and the cell capacity was well retained during the cycling test. This indicates that the cells could well endure mechanical fatigue stress when both electrodes had moderate lithiation states. With initial SoCs at 0% and 100%, the batteries subjected to the mechanical test exhibited relatively drastic capacity fading. This indicates that the cells are vulnerable to mechanical fatigue stress when both electrodes have high lithiation states. Furthermore, it is noted that the stress accumulated inside the batteries caused by mechanical fatigue can act as an accelerated degradation factor during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Jaeheon Lee
- Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kwon-Koo Cho
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jai-Won Byeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
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11
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Kim M, Yang Z, Trask SE, Bloom I. Understanding the Effect of Cathode Composition on the Interface and Crosstalk in NMC/Si Full Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15103-15111. [PMID: 35343672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between the cathode and the anode in lithium-ion batteries has a great impact on performance, safety, and cycle lifetime. However, no report exists for a systematic investigation on crosstalk behavior in silicon (Si)-based cells as a function of transition metal composition in cathodes. We studied the effect of crosstalk on degradation of Si-rich anodes in full cells with different cathodes having the same crystal structure but different transition metal compositions, such as LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NM111), LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532), and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811). We found that the transition metal composition in cathodes, especially Mn ion concentration, significantly affects electrolyte decomposition reactions, even from very early cycles. This change causes differences in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry of each aged Si sample. As a result, each of the aged Si samples has a different electrochemistry, in terms of initial Coulombic efficiency and the mechanism of capacity fade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ira Bloom
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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12
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Zhu H, Russell JA, Fang Z, Barnes P, Li L, Efaw C, Muenzer A, May J, Hamal K, Cheng IF, Davis PH, Dufek E, Xiong H. A Comparison of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation and Evolution on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic and Disordered Graphite Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2105292. [PMID: 34716757 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence and stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphitic electrodes is vital to the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the formation and evolution of SEI remain the least understood area in LIBs due to its dynamic nature, complexity in chemical composition, heterogeneity in morphology, as well as lack of reliable in situ/operando techniques for accurate characterization. In addition, chemical composition and morphology of SEI are not only affected by the choice of electrolyte, but also by the nature of the electrode surface. While introduction of defects into graphitic electrodes has promoted their electrochemical properties, how such structural defects influence SEI formation and evolution remains an open question. Here, utilizing nondestructive operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EChem-AFM) the dynamic SEI formation and evolution on a pair of representative graphitic materials with and without defects, namely, highly oriented pyrolytic and disordered graphite electrodes, are systematically monitored and compared. Complementary to the characterization of SEI topographical and mechanical changes during electrochemical cycling by EChem-AFM, chemical analysis and theoretical calculations are conducted to provide mechanistic insights underlying SEI formation and evolution. The results provide guidance to engineer functional SEIs through design of carbon materials with defects for LIBs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhu
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Joshua A Russell
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Zongtang Fang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Pete Barnes
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - CoreyM Efaw
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Energy Storage and Advanced Transportation Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Allison Muenzer
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jeremy May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Kailash Hamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - I Francis Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - EricJ Dufek
- Energy Storage and Advanced Transportation Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Hui Xiong
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
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