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Zhang H, Dong L, Guo T, Zhang G, Ye X, He X, Gao Q, Bello MG, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang J. Lutein Loaded in β-Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stability and Solubility Enhancements. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:135. [PMID: 38862657 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein (Lut) is a recognized nutritional supplement known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, crucial in mitigating ocular disease. However, enhancements to Lut stability and solubility remain challenges to be addressed in the healthcare industry. Herein, we fabricated and evaluated a food-grade highly porous β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) for its ability to encapsulate Lut. Lut stability considerably improved when loaded into β-CD-MOF to form a Lut@β-CD-MOF complex, which exhibited better stability than Lut loaded into the γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (Lut@γ-CD-MOF), Lut@β-CD, and commercial product (Blackmores™) at 40°C, 60°C, and 70°C, respectively. The solubility of Lut@β-CD-MOF in water increased by 26.8-fold compared to raw Lut at 37°C. Lut@β-CD-MOF exhibited greater hydrophilicity, as determined by measuring the water contact angle. Molecular docking and other characterizations of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that Lut was successfully encapsulated in the chamber formed by the three cyclodextrins in β-CD-MOF. Thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that Lut distributed in the β-CD-MOF cavity deeply improved Lut stability and solubility. In conclusion, our findings underscored the function of β-CD-MOF in enhancing Lut stability and solubility for formulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Liyun Dong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xiaojian He
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Qingfang Gao
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Mubarak G Bello
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Can Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China.
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Vo Y, Nothling MD, Raveendran R, Cao C, Stenzel MH. Effects of Drug Conjugation on the Biological Activity of Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:675-689. [PMID: 38266160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The field of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) continues to mature, and an increasing range of reports have emerged that explore the application of these small nanoparticles. A key application for SCNPs is in the field of drug delivery, and recent work suggests that SCNPs can be readily internalized by cells. However, limited attention has been directed to the delivery of small-molecule drugs using SCNPs. Moreover, studies on the physicochemical effects of drug loading on SCNP performance is so far missing, despite the accepted view that such small nanoparticles should be significantly affected by the drug loading content. To address this gap, we prepared a library of SCNPs bearing different amounts of a covalently conjugated therapeutic drug-sulfasalazine (SSZ). We evaluated the impact of the conjugated drug loading on both the synthesis and biological activity of SCNPs on pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1). Our results reveal that covalent drug conjugation to the side chains of the SCNP polymer precursor interferes with chain collapse and cross-linking, which demands optimization of reaction conditions to reach high degrees of cross-linking efficiencies. Small-angle neutron scattering and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (DOSY NMR) analyses reveal that SCNPs with a higher drug loading display larger sizes and looser structures, as well as increased hydrophobicity associated with a higher SSZ content. Increased SSZ loading led to reduced cellular uptake when assessed in vitro, whereby SCNP aggregation on the surface of AsPC-1 cells led to reduced toxicity. This work highlights the effects of drug loading on the drug delivery efficiency and biological behavior of SCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Vo
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Nothling
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Radhika Raveendran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Si Y, Luo H, Zhang P, Zhang C, Li J, Jiang P, Yuan W, Cha R. CD-MOFs: From preparation to drug delivery and therapeutic application. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121424. [PMID: 37940296 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) show considerable advantages of edibility, degradability, low toxicity, and high drug loading, which have attracted enormous interest, especially in drug delivery. This review summarizes the typical synthesis approaches of CD-MOFs, the drug loading methods, and the mechanism of encapsulation and release. The influence of the structure of CD-MOFs on their drug encapsulation and release is highlighted. Finally, the challenges CD-MOFs face are discussed regarding biosafety assessment systems, stability in aqueous solution, and metal ion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Si
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Huize Luo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Pai Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chunliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Wenbing Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China.
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Ketabi S, Shalmashi S, Hallajian S. Interaction of sulfasalazine with outer surface of boron-nitride nanotube as a drug carrier in aqueous solution: insights from quantum mechanics and Monte Carlo simulation. BMC Chem 2023; 17:169. [PMID: 38017542 PMCID: PMC10683185 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of the solubility of sulfasalazine in physiological media was the major aim of this study. Accordingly, BNNT inspected as a notable candidate for the carriage of this drug in aqueous media. For this purpose, four possible interactions of two tautomer of sulfasalazine with (9,0) boron-nitride nanotube were considered in aqueous media. The compounds were optimized in gas phase using density functional calculations. Solvation free energies and association free energies of the optimized structures were then studied by Monte Carlo simulation and perturbation method in water environment. Outcomes of quantum mechanical calculations presented that interaction of keto form of sulfasalazine produce the most stable complexes with boron-nitride nanotube in gas phase. Simulation results revealed that electrostatic interactions play a vital role in the intermolecular interaction energies after binding of drug and nanotube in aqueous solution. Results of association free energy calculations indicated that complexes of both two sulfasalazine tautomers (keto and enol) and nanotube were stable in solution. Computed solvation free energies in water showed that the interaction with boron-nitride nanotube significantly improved the solubility of sulfasalazine, which could improve its in vivo bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ketabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saba Shalmashi
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Research (APIRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hallajian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Cyclodextrin-metal-organic frameworks in molecular delivery, detection, separation, and capture: An updated critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120598. [PMID: 36746588 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination compounds with tuneable structures and controllable functions. However, the biological toxicity of traditional MOFs materials is often inevitable, making their application in the biological field have many limitations. Therefore, frontier research increasingly focuses on developing biocompatible MOFs materials. Cyclodextrins (CDs), derived from starch, are favored by various biomaterials due to their good biosafety and are often seen in the preparation and application of MOFs materials. This review describes the features of MOFs materials, and the various preparation methods of CD-MOFs are analyzed in detail from the perspective of CD classification. Additionally, the promising applications of CD-MOFs materials for delivery, detection, separation, and capture of active molecules in recent studies are systematically discussed and summarized. In terms of safety, the CD-MOFs materials are meticulously summarized. Finally, this review presents the challenges and future prospects regarding the current CD-MOFs-based materials, which will shed new light on the application of such materials in various fields.
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Farcas A, Resmerita AM, Balan-Porcarasu M, Cojocaru C, Peptu C, Sava I. Inclusion Complexes of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene with Per-Modified β- and γ-Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083404. [PMID: 37110637 PMCID: PMC10143540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of inclusion complexes (ICs) based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with permethylated β-cyclodextrins (TMe-βCD) and permethylated γ-cyclodextrins (TMe-γCD) host molecules. To prove the synthesis of such ICs, molecular docking simulation, UV-vis titrations in water, 1H-NMR, and H-H ROESY, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI TOF MS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out on each of the EDOT∙TMe-βCD and EDOT∙TMe-γCD samples. The results of computational investigations reveal the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions, which contribute to the insertion of the EDOT guest inside the macrocyclic cavities and a better binding of the neutral EDOT to TMe-βCD. The H-H ROESY spectra show correlation peaks between H-3 and H-5 of hosts and the protons of the guest EDOT, suggesting that the EDOT molecule is included inside the cavities. The MALDI TOF MS analysis of the EDOT∙TMe-βCD solutions clearly reveals the presence of MS peaks corresponding to sodium adducts of the species associated with the complex formation. The IC preparation shows remarkable improvements in the physical properties of EDOT, rendering it a plausible alternative to increasing its aqueous solubility and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurica Farcas
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Corneliu Cojocaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Peptu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ion Sava
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Vasilev NA, Voronin AP, Surov AO, Perlovich GL. Influence of Co-amorphization on the Physical Stability and Dissolution Performance of an Anthelmintic Drug Flubendazole. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1657-1669. [PMID: 36732935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the co-amorphization approach was applied to flubendazole (FluBZ), resulting in the formation of two novel solid forms of FluBZ with l-phenylalanine (Phe) and l-tryptophan (Trp). A variety of physicochemical techniques have been used to describe new systems, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Co-amorphization has been shown to suppress crystallization tendency and considerably increase the shelf-life storage of amorphous flubendazole solid across a wide range of relative humidities. The dissolution behavior of the amorphous forms in biorelevant media at pH = 1.6, pH = 6.5, and 37 °C has been studied in terms of Cmax (maximum FluBZ concentration), Tmax (time to attain peak drug concentration), and AUC (concentration area under the curve during dissolution). At pH = 6.5, a continuous supersaturation and the highest AUC value of all examined systems were observed for the FluBZ-Phe (1:1) system. The phase solubility diagrams revealed that the reason for the better dissolution performance of FluBZ-Phe (1:1) at pH = 6.5 is a complexation between the components in a solution. This work highlights the applicability of co-amorphous systems in improving the physical stability and dissolution performance of drug compounds with poor biopharmaceutical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Vasilev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Artem O Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045Ivanovo, Russia
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Xu Y, Rashwan AK, Osman AI, Abd El-Monaem EM, Elgarahy AM, Eltaweil AS, Omar M, Li Y, Mehanni AHE, Chen W, Rooney DW. Synthesis and potential applications of cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:447-477. [PMID: 36161092 PMCID: PMC9484721 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are porous polymeric materials formed by linking metal ions with organic bridging ligands. Metal-organic frameworks are used as sensors, catalysts for organic transformations, biomass conversion, photovoltaics, electrochemical applications, gas storage and separation, and photocatalysis. Nonetheless, many actual metal-organic frameworks present limitations such as toxicity of preparation reagents and components, which make frameworks unusable for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here, we review the structure, synthesis and properties of cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks that could be used in bioapplications. Synthetic methods include vapor diffusion, microwave-assisted, hydro/solvothermal, and ultrasound techniques. The vapor diffusion method can produce cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework crystals with particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to 400 μm. Applications comprise food packaging, drug delivery, sensors, adsorbents, gas separation, and membranes. Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks showed loading efficacy of the bioactive compounds ranging from 3.29 to 97.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources and Development of Functional Foods, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Ahmed K. Rashwan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources and Development of Functional Foods, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, 83523 Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
| | | | - Ahmed M. Elgarahy
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | | | - Mirna Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yuting Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Abul-Hamd E. Mehanni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524 Egypt
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang-Egypt Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources and Development of Functional Foods, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
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Li S, Hu X, Chen S, Wang X, Shang H, Zhou Y, Dai J, Xiao L, Qin W, Liu Y. Synthesis of γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework as ethylene absorber for improving postharvest quality of kiwi fruit. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Agafonov MA, Alexandrov EV, Artyukhova NA, Bekmukhamedov GE, Blatov VA, Butova VV, Gayfulin YM, Garibyan AA, Gafurov ZN, Gorbunova YG, Gordeeva LG, Gruzdev MS, Gusev AN, Denisov GL, Dybtsev DN, Enakieva YY, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Kiskin MA, Kovalenko KA, Kolker AM, Kolokolov DI, Litvinova YM, Lysova AA, Maksimchuk NV, Mironov YV, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV, Ovcharenko VI, Piskunov AV, Polyukhov DM, Polyakov VA, Ponomareva VG, Poryvaev AS, Romanenko GV, Soldatov AV, Solovyeva MV, Stepanov AG, Terekhova IV, Trofimova OY, Fedin VP, Fedin MV, Kholdeeva OA, Tsivadze AY, Chervonova UV, Cherevko AI, Shul′gin VF, Shutova ES, Yakhvarov DG. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN RUSSIA: FROM THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nikpour S, Ansari-Asl Z, Sedaghat T, Hoveizi E. Curcumin-loaded Fe-MOF/PDMS porous scaffold: fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility assessment. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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