1
|
Zhu XL, Bao LX, Xue MQ, Xu YY. Automatic recognition of protein subcellular location patterns in single cells from immunofluorescence images based on deep learning. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6964519. [PMID: 36577448 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of single-cell measurement techniques, there is a growing awareness that individual differences exist among cells, and protein expression distribution can vary across cells in the same tissue or cell line. Pinpointing the protein subcellular locations in single cells is crucial for mapping functional specificity of proteins and studying related diseases. Currently, research about single-cell protein location is still in its infancy, and most studies and databases do not annotate proteins at the cell level. For example, in the human protein atlas database, an immunofluorescence image stained for a particular protein shows multiple cells, but the subcellular location annotation is for the whole image, ignoring intercellular difference. In this study, we used large-scale immunofluorescence images and image-level subcellular locations to develop a deep-learning-based pipeline that could accurately recognize protein localizations in single cells. The pipeline consisted of two deep learning models, i.e. an image-based model and a cell-based model. The former used a multi-instance learning framework to comprehensively model protein distribution in multiple cells in each image, and could give both image-level and cell-level predictions. The latter firstly used clustering and heuristics algorithms to assign pseudo-labels of subcellular locations to the segmented cell images, and then used the pseudo-labels to train a classification model. Finally, the image-based model was fused with the cell-based model at the decision level to obtain the final ensemble model for single-cell prediction. Our experimental results showed that the ensemble model could achieve higher accuracy and robustness on independent test sets than state-of-the-art methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Liang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin-Xia Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min-Qi Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Beers JJBC, Hahn M, Fraune J, Mallet K, Krause C, Hormann W, Fechner K, Damoiseaux JGMC. Performance analysis of automated evaluation of antinuclear antibody indirect immunofluorescent tests in a routine setting. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 30238164 PMCID: PMC6147779 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-018-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on the human epithelial cell-line HEp-2 (or derivatives) serves as the gold standard in antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening. IIF, and its evaluation, is a labor-intensive method, making ANA testing a major challenge for present clinical laboratories. Nowadays, several automated ANA pattern recognition systems are on the market. In the current study, the EUROPattern Suite is evaluated for its use in daily practice in a routine setting. Methods A total of 1033 consecutive routine samples was used to screen for ANA. Results (positive/negative ANA screening, pattern identification and titer) were compared between software-generated results (EUROPattern) and visual interpretation (observer) of automatically acquired digital images. Results Considering the visual interpretation as reference, a relative sensitivity of 99.3% and a relative specificity of 88.9% were obtained for negative and positive discrimination by the software (EPa). A good agreement between visual and software-based interpretation was observed with respect to pattern recognition (mean kappa: for 7 patterns: 0.7). Interestingly, EPa software distinguished more patterns per positive sample than the observer (on average 1.5 and 1.2, respectively). Finally, a concordance of 99.3% was observed within the range of 1 titer step difference between EPa and observer. Conclusions The ANA IIF results reported by the EPa software are in very good agreement with the results reported by the observer with respect to being negative/positive, pattern recognition and titer, making automated ANA IIF evaluation an objective and time-efficient tool for routine testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13317-018-0108-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J B C van Beers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Hahn
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Fraune
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kathleen Mallet
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Krause
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wymke Hormann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kai Fechner
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Seekamp 31, 23560, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan G M C Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ricchiuti V, Adams J, Hardy DJ, Katayev A, Fleming JK. Automated Processing and Evaluation of Anti-Nuclear Antibody Indirect Immunofluorescence Testing. Front Immunol 2018; 9:927. [PMID: 29780386 PMCID: PMC5946161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is considered by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the international consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) the gold standard for the screening of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). As conventional IIF is labor intensive, time-consuming, subjective, and poorly standardized, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the standardization of reagents and to develop automated platforms for assay incubation, microscopy, and evaluation. In this study, the workflow and performance characteristics of a fully automated ANA IIF system (Sprinter XL, EUROPattern Suite, IFA 40: HEp-20-10 cells) were compared to a manual approach using visual microscopy with a filter device for single-well titration and to technologist reading. The Sprinter/EUROPattern system enabled the processing of large daily workload cohorts in less than 8 h and the reduction of labor hands-on time by more than 4 h. Regarding the discrimination of positive from negative samples, the overall agreement of the EUROPattern software with technologist reading was higher (95.6%) than when compared to the current method (89.4%). Moreover, the software was consistent with technologist reading in 80.6–97.5% of patterns and 71.0–93.8% of titers. In conclusion, the Sprinter/EUROPattern system provides substantial labor savings and good concordance with technologist ANA IIF microscopy, thus increasing standardization, laboratory efficiency, and removing subjectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ricchiuti
- North Central Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Adams
- North Central Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Donna J Hardy
- North Central Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Katayev
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Elon, NC, United States
| | - James K Fleming
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Elon, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tahir M, Jan B, Hayat M, Shah SU, Amin M. Efficient computational model for classification of protein localization images using Extended Threshold Adjacency Statistics and Support Vector Machines. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 157:205-215. [PMID: 29477429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Discriminative and informative feature extraction is the core requirement for accurate and efficient classification of protein subcellular localization images so that drug development could be more effective. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel modification in the Threshold Adjacency Statistics technique and enhance its discriminative power. METHODS In this work, we utilized Threshold Adjacency Statistics from a novel perspective to enhance its discrimination power and efficiency. In this connection, we utilized seven threshold ranges to produce seven distinct feature spaces, which are then used to train seven SVMs. The final prediction is obtained through the majority voting scheme. The proposed ETAS-SubLoc system is tested on two benchmark datasets using 5-fold cross-validation technique. RESULTS We observed that our proposed novel utilization of TAS technique has improved the discriminative power of the classifier. The ETAS-SubLoc system has achieved 99.2% accuracy, 99.3% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity for Endogenous dataset outperforming the classical Threshold Adjacency Statistics technique. Similarly, 91.8% accuracy, 96.3% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity values are achieved for Transfected dataset. CONCLUSIONS Simulation results validated the effectiveness of ETAS-SubLoc that provides superior prediction performance compared to the existing technique. The proposed methodology aims at providing support to pharmaceutical industry as well as research community towards better drug designing and innovation in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. The implementation code for replicating the experiments presented in this paper is available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7IyGPObWbSqRTRMcXI2bG5CZWs/view?usp=sharing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Al-Madinah Branch, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bismillah Jan
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar Campus, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Hayat
- Department of Computer Science, University College of Sciences, Shanker, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Shakir Ullah Shah
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar Campus, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Cataldo S, Ficarra E. Mining textural knowledge in biological images: Applications, methods and trends. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 15:56-67. [PMID: 27994798 PMCID: PMC5155047 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Texture analysis is a major task in many areas of computer vision and pattern recognition, including biological imaging. Indeed, visual textures can be exploited to distinguish specific tissues or cells in a biological sample, to highlight chemical reactions between molecules, as well as to detect subcellular patterns that can be evidence of certain pathologies. This makes automated texture analysis fundamental in many applications of biomedicine, such as the accurate detection and grading of multiple types of cancer, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, or the study of physiological processes. Due to their specific characteristics and challenges, the design of texture analysis systems for biological images has attracted ever-growing attention in the last few years. In this paper, we perform a critical review of this important topic. First, we provide a general definition of texture analysis and discuss its role in the context of bioimaging, with examples of applications from the recent literature. Then, we review the main approaches to automated texture analysis, with special attention to the methods of feature extraction and encoding that can be successfully applied to microscopy images of cells or tissues. Our aim is to provide an overview of the state of the art, as well as a glimpse into the latest and future trends of research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santa Di Cataldo
- Dept. of Computer and Control Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Cso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daves M, Blecken J, Matthias T, Frey A, Perkmann V, Dall Acqua A, Joos A, Platzgummer S. New automated indirect immunofluorescent antinuclear antibody testing compares well with established manual immunofluorescent screening and titration for antinuclear antibody on HEp-2 cells. Immunol Res 2016; 65:370-374. [PMID: 27743128 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The IIF using the HEp-2 cell substrate should be still considered the "gold standard" techniques for determination of antinuclear antibody (ANA). Standardization and automation can be considered to be still in progress. Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the commercially automated indirect immunofluorescent antinuclear HEp-2 antibody assay. The study was designed to compare two commercially available HEp-2 ANA by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays using a sensitivity panel (120 clinically determined patients) and a specificity panel consisting of 78 clinically confirmed negative patients. We compared the NOVA View® system [INOVA Diagnostics San Diego, USA] with the new HELIOS Processor from AESKU Systems/AESKU.Diagnostics (Wendelsheim, Germany) to assess their capability for screening, pattern recognition and titration of the samples. These automated methods were directly compared to manual reading of the same processed slides on respective microscopes and also compared with the known clinical information. The results of the two automated methods were in very good agreement with recognizing negative and positive samples. The HELIOS system detected 188 samples correctly as negative or positive versus 187 detected by the NOVA View® system. The diagnostic sensitivity of the systems was 95.8 versus 96.7 % for HELIOS and NOVA View®, respectively. The systems exhibited a diagnostic specificity of 93.5 % for the HELIOS system and 91.0 % for the NOVA View®. Both systems are suitable for fast and reliable detection of positivity/negativity due to their high sensitivity and will lead to a further increase of standardization in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Daves
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital of Merano, Via Rossini 5, 39011, Merano, Italy.
| | - J Blecken
- AESKU.DIAGNOSTICS, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - T Matthias
- AESKU.DIAGNOSTICS, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - A Frey
- AESKU.DIAGNOSTICS, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - V Perkmann
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital of Merano, Via Rossini 5, 39011, Merano, Italy
| | - A Dall Acqua
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital of Merano, Via Rossini 5, 39011, Merano, Italy
| | - A Joos
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital of Merano, Via Rossini 5, 39011, Merano, Italy
| | - S Platzgummer
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital of Merano, Via Rossini 5, 39011, Merano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu YY, Yang F, Shen HB. Incorporating organelle correlations into semi-supervised learning for protein subcellular localization prediction. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:2184-92. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
8
|
Krause C, Ens K, Fechner K, Voigt J, Fraune J, Rohwäder E, Hahn M, Danckwardt M, Feirer C, Barth E, Martinetz T, Stöcker W. EUROPattern Suite technology for computer-aided immunofluorescence microscopy in autoantibody diagnostics. Lupus 2015; 24:516-29. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314559635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are highly informative biomarkers in autoimmune diagnostics. The increasing demand for effective test systems, however, has led to the development of a confusingly large variety of different platforms. One of them, the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), is regarded as the common gold standard for ANA screening, as described in a position statement by the American College of Rheumatology in 2009. Technological solutions have been developed aimed at standardization and automation of IIF to overcome methodological limitations and subjective bias in IIF interpretation. In this review, we present the EUROPattern Suite, a system for computer-aided immunofluorescence microscopy (CAIFM) including automated acquisition of digital images and evaluation of IIF results. The system was originally designed for ANA diagnostics on human epithelial cells, but its applications have been extended with the latest system update version 1.5 to the analysis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Krause
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Ens
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Fechner
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Voigt
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Fraune
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Rohwäder
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Hahn
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Danckwardt
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Feirer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Barth
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T Martinetz
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - W Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tozzoli R, Bonaguri C, Melegari A, Antico A, Bassetti D, Bizzaro N. Current state of diagnostic technologies in the autoimmunology laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:129-38. [PMID: 23092800 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The methods for detecting and measuring autoantibodies have evolved markedly in recent years, encompassing three generations of analytical technologies. Many different immunoassay methods have been developed and used for research and laboratory practice purposes, from the early conventional (or monoplex) analytical methods able to detect single autoantibodies to the more recent multiplex platforms that can quantify tens of molecules. Although it has been in use for over 50 years, indirect immunofluorescence remains the standard method for research on many types of autoantibodies, due to its characteristics of diagnostic sensitivity and also to recent technological innovations which permit it a greater level of automation and standardization. The recent multiplex immunometric methods, with varying levels of automation, present characteristics of higher diagnostic accuracy, but are not yet widely diffused in autoimmunology laboratories due to the limited number of autoantibodies that are detectable, and due to the high cost of reagents and systems. Technological advancement in autoimmunology continues to evolve rapidly, and in the coming years new proteomic techniques will be able to radically change the approach to diagnostics and possibly also clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases. The scope of this review is to update the state of the art of technologies and methods for the measurement of autoantibodies, with special reference to innovations in indirect immunofluorescence and in multiple proteomic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Tozzoli
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Protein subcellular localization in human and hamster cell lines: Employing local ternary patterns of fluorescence microscopy images. J Theor Biol 2014; 340:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Sommer C, Gerlich DW. Machine learning in cell biology - teaching computers to recognize phenotypes. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5529-39. [PMID: 24259662 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microscope automation provide new opportunities for high-throughput cell biology, such as image-based screening. High-complex image analysis tasks often make the implementation of static and predefined processing rules a cumbersome effort. Machine-learning methods, instead, seek to use intrinsic data structure, as well as the expert annotations of biologists to infer models that can be used to solve versatile data analysis tasks. Here, we explain how machine-learning methods work and what needs to be considered for their successful application in cell biology. We outline how microscopy images can be converted into a data representation suitable for machine learning, and then introduce various state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms, highlighting recent applications in image-based screening. Our Commentary aims to provide the biologist with a guide to the application of machine learning to microscopy assays and we therefore include extensive discussion on how to optimize experimental workflow as well as the data analysis pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sommer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Automated antinuclear immunofluorescence antibody screening: a comparative study of six computer-aided diagnostic systems. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 13:292-8. [PMID: 24220268 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) plays an important role in immunological assays for detecting and measuring autoantibodies. However, the method is burdened by some unfavorable features: the need for expert morphologists, the subjectivity of interpretation, and a low degree of standardization and automation. Following the recent statement by the American College of Rheumatology that the IIF technique should be considered as the standard screening method for the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), the biomedical industry has developed technological solutions which might significantly improve automation of the procedure, not only in the preparation of substrates and slides, but also in microscope reading. METHODS We collected 104 ANA-positive sera from patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of autoimmune disease and 40 ANA-negative sera from healthy blood donors. One aliquot of each serum, without information about pattern and titer, was sent to six laboratories of our group, where the sera were tested with the IIF manual method provided by each of the six manufacturers of automatic systems. Assignment of result (pos/neg), of pattern and titer was made by consensus at a meeting attended by all members of the research team. Result was assigned if consensus for pos/neg was reached by at least four of six certifiers, while for the pattern and for the titer, the value observed with higher frequency (mode) was adopted. Seventeen ANA-positive sera and six ANA-negative sera were excluded. Therefore, the study with the following automatic instrumentation was conducted on 92 ANA-positive sera and on 34 ANA-negative sera: Aklides, EUROPattern, G-Sight (I-Sight-IFA), Helios, Image Navigator, and Nova View. Analytical imprecision was measured in five aliquots of the same serum, randomly added to the sample series. RESULTS Overall sensitivity of the six automated systems was 96.7% and overall specificity was 89.2%. Most false negatives were recorded for cytoplasmic patterns, whereas among nuclear patterns those with a low level of fluorescence (i.e., multiple nuclear dots, midbody, nuclear rim) were sometimes missed. The intensity values of the light signal of various instruments showed a good correlation with the titer obtained by manual reading (Spearman's rho between 0.672 and 0.839; P<0.0001 for all the systems). Imprecision ranged from 1.99% to 25.2% and, for all the systems, it was lower than that obtained by the manual IIF test (39.1%). The accuracy of pattern recognition, which is for now restricted to the most typical patterns (homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, centromere, multiple nuclear dots and cytoplasmic) was limited, ranging from 52% to 79%. CONCLUSIONS This study, which is the first to compare the diagnostic accuracy of six systems for automated ANA-IIF reading on the same series of sera, showed that all systems are able to perform very well the task for which they were created. Indeed, cumulative automatic discrimination between positive and negative samples had 95% accuracy. All the manufacturers are actively continuing the development of new and more sophisticated software for a better definition in automatic recognition of patterns and light signal conversion in end-point titer. In the future, this may avert the need for serum dilution for titration, which will be a great advantage in economic terms and time-saving.
Collapse
|
13
|
New platform technology for comprehensive serological diagnostics of autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:284740. [PMID: 23316252 PMCID: PMC3536031 DOI: 10.1155/2012/284740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody assessment is an essential part in the serological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. However, different diagnostic strategies have been proposed for the work up of sera in particular from patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). In general, screening for SARD-associated antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is followed by confirmatory testing covering different assay techniques. Due to lacking automation, standardization, modern data management, and human bias in IIF screening, this two-stage approach has recently been challenged by multiplex techniques particularly in laboratories with high workload. However, detection of antinuclear antibodies by IIF is still recommended to be the gold standard method for antibody screening in sera from patients with suspected SARD. To address the limitations of IIF and to meet the demand for cost-efficient autoantibody screening, automated IIF methods employing novel pattern recognition algorithms for image analysis have been introduced recently. In this respect, the AKLIDES technology has been the first commercially available platform for automated interpretation of cell-based IIF testing and provides multiplexing by addressable microbead immunoassays for confirmatory testing. This paper gives an overview of recently published studies demonstrating the advantages of this new technology for SARD serology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tozzoli R, Antico A, Porcelli B, Bassetti D. Automation in indirect immunofluorescence testing: a new step in the evolution of the autoimmunology laboratory. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2012; 3:59-65. [PMID: 26000128 PMCID: PMC4389066 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-012-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) plays an important role in immunological and immunometric assays for detecting and measuring autoantibodies. This technology was the first multiplex method used to detect cardinal autoantibodies for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Over the last 20 years, research has enabled the progressive identification of cell and tissue autoantigens which are the target of autoantibodies originally detected by IIF. Accordingly, newer immunometric methods, capable of measuring concentrations of specific autoantibodies directed against these autoantigens, allowed for a gradual replacement of the IIF method in the autoimmunology laboratory. Currently, IIF remains the method of choice only in selected fields of autoimmune diagnostics. Following the recent statement by the American College of Rheumatology that the IIF technique should be considered as the standard screening method for the detection of ANA, the biomedical industry has developed technological solutions which significantly improve automation of the procedure, not only in the preparation of substrates and slides, but also in microscope reading. This review summarizes the general and specific features of new available commercial systems (Aklides, Medipan; Nova View, Inova; Zenit G Sight, A. Menarini Diagnostics; Europattern, Euroimmun; Helios, Aesku.Diagnostics; Image Navigator, Immuno Concepts; Cytospot, Autoimmun Diagnostika) for automation of the IIF method. The expected advantages of automated IIF are the reduction in frequency of false negative and false positive results, the reduction of intra- and inter-laboratory variability, the improvement of correlation of staining patterns with corresponding autoantibody reactivities, and higher throughput in the laboratory workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Tozzoli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Via Montereale, 24, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
| | - Antonio Antico
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, City Hospital, Cittadella, Italy
| | - Brunetta Porcelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Danila Bassetti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tahir M, Khan A, Majid A. Protein subcellular localization of fluorescence imagery using spatial and transform domain features. Bioinformatics 2011; 28:91-7. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
16
|
Abstract
Chemical address tags can be defined as specific structural features shared by a set of bioimaging probes having a predictable influence on cell-associated visual signals obtained from these probes. Here, using a large image dataset acquired with a high content screening instrument, machine vision and cheminformatics analysis have been applied to reveal chemical address tags. With a combinatorial library of fluorescent molecules, fluorescence signal intensity, spectral, and spatial features characterizing each one of the probes' visual signals were extracted from images acquired with the three different excitation and emission channels of the imaging instrument. With multivariate regression, the additive contribution from each one of the different building blocks of the bioimaging probes toward each measured, cell-associated image-based feature was calculated. In this manner, variations in the chemical features of the molecules were associated with the resulting staining patterns, facilitating quantitative, objective analysis of chemical address tags. Hierarchical clustering and paired image-cheminformatics analysis revealed key structure-property relationships amongst many building blocks of the fluorescent molecules. The results point to different chemical modifications of the bioimaging probes that can exert similar (or different) effects on the probes' visual signals. Inspection of the clustered structures suggests intramolecular charge migration or partial charge distribution as potential mechanistic determinants of chemical address tag behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Advanced hardware and software tools for fast multidimensional imaging of living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:16005-6. [PMID: 20807743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010043107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
18
|
McMullen RL, Bauza E, Gondran C, Oberto G, Domloge N, Farra CD, Moore DJ. Image analysis to quantify histological and immunofluorescent staining of ex vivo skin and skin cell cultures. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:143-54. [PMID: 20412219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Image processing steps and analysis techniques were developed for the quantification of photomicrographs obtained from light and fluorescence microscopy. The substrates examined were either skin cell cultures, such as normal human keratinocytes (NHK) or fibroblasts, or ex vivo skin sections. Examples of the analyses are provided for the comparison of skincare active ingredient treated samples vs. placebo to demonstrate the utility of the methods to quantify and provide numerical data for a procedure that is typically qualitative in nature and based on observations by a histologist. Quantifiable experiments that are discussed include: Fontana Masson staining for melanin expression; Nile red staining to detect cellular lipid droplets; nuclei staining with diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI); and immunofluorescent staining of protein expression with a primary antibody directed against the protein (antigen) and a secondary antibody tagged with a fluorescent dye (Alexa Fluor 488) against the primary antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L McMullen
- International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Egerer K, Roggenbuck D, Hiemann R, Weyer MG, Büttner T, Radau B, Krause R, Lehmann B, Feist E, Burmester GR. Automated evaluation of autoantibodies on human epithelial-2 cells as an approach to standardize cell-based immunofluorescence tests. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R40. [PMID: 20214808 PMCID: PMC2888187 DOI: 10.1186/ar2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Analysis of autoantibodies (AAB) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is a basic tool for the serological diagnosis of systemic rheumatic disorders. Automation of autoantibody IIF reading including pattern recognition may improve intra- and inter-laboratory variability and meet the demand for cost-effective assessment of large numbers of samples. Comparing automated and visual interpretation, the usefulness for routine laboratory diagnostics was investigated. Methods Autoantibody detection by IIF on human epithelial-2 (HEp-2) cells was conducted in a total of 1222 consecutive sera of patients with suspected systemic rheumatic diseases from a university routine laboratory (n = 924) and a private referral laboratory (n = 298). IIF results from routine diagnostics were compared with a novel automated interpretation system. Results Both diagnostic procedures showed a very good agreement in detecting AAB (kappa = 0.828) and differentiating respective immunofluorescence patterns. Only 98 (8.0%) of 1222 sera demonstrated discrepant results in the differentiation of positive from negative samples. The contingency coefficients of chi-square statistics were 0.646 for the university laboratory cohort with an agreement of 93.0% and 0.695 for the private laboratory cohort with an agreement of 90.6%, P < 0.0001, respectively. Comparing immunofluorescence patterns, 111 (15.3%) sera yielded differing results. Conclusions Automated assessment of AAB by IIF on HEp-2 cells using an automated interpretation system is a reliable and robust method for positive/negative differentiation. Employing novel mathematical algorithms, automated interpretation provides reproducible detection of specific immunofluorescence patterns on HEp-2 cells. Automated interpretation can reduce drawbacks of IIF for AAB detection in routine diagnostics providing more reliable data for clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Egerer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu S, Matsudaira P, Welsch R, Rajapakse JC. Quantification of Cytoskeletal Protein Localization from High-Content Images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-16001-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Shedden K, Li Q, Liu F, Chang YT, Rosania GR. Machine vision-assisted analysis of structure-localization relationships in a combinatorial library of prospective bioimaging probes. Cytometry A 2009; 75:482-93. [PMID: 19243023 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With a combinatorial library of bioimaging probes, it is now possible to use machine vision to analyze the contribution of different building blocks of the molecules to their cell-associated visual signals. For this purpose, cell-permeant, fluorescent styryl molecules were synthesized by condensation of 168 aldehyde with 8 pyridinium/quinolinium building blocks. Images of cells incubated with fluorescent molecules were acquired with a high content screening instrument. Chemical and image feature analysis revealed how variation in one or the other building block of the styryl molecules led to variations in the molecules' visual signals. Across each pair of probes in the library, chemical similarity was significantly associated with spectral and total signal intensity similarity. However, chemical similarity was much less associated with similarity in subcellular probe fluorescence patterns. Quantitative analysis and visual inspection of pairs of images acquired from pairs of styryl isomers confirm that many closely-related probes exhibit different subcellular localization patterns. Therefore, idiosyncratic interactions between styryl molecules and specific cellular components greatly contribute to the subcellular distribution of the styryl probes' fluorescence signal. These results demonstrate how machine vision and cheminformatics can be combined to analyze the targeting properties of bioimaging probes, using large image data sets acquired with automated screening systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hiemann R, Büttner T, Krieger T, Roggenbuck D, Sack U, Conrad K. Challenges of automated screening and differentiation of non-organ specific autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 9:17-22. [PMID: 19245860 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of autoantibodies (AAB) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) remains the hallmark of diagnosing autoimmune diseases despite the introduction of multiplex techniques. Non-organ specific AAB are screened in routine diagnostics by IIF on HEp-2 cells. However, IIF results vary due to objective (e.g., cell fixation) and subjective factors (e.g., expert knowledge). Therefore, inter- and intralaboratory variance is relatively high. Standardisation of AAB testing by IIF remains a critical issue in and between routine laboratories and may be improved by automated interpretation systems. An overview of existing interpretation techniques will be given taking into account own data of the first fully automated reading system AKLIDES. The novel system provides fully automated reading of IIF images and software algorithms for the mathematical description of IIF AAB patterns. It can be used for screening and preclassification of non-organ specific AAB in routine diagnostics regarding systemic autoimmune and autoimmune liver diseases. Furthermore, this system paves the way for economic data processing of cell-based IIF assays and can contribute to the reduction of interlaboratory variance of AAB testing. More sophisticated pattern recognition algorithms and novel calibration systems will improve standardised quantifications of IIF image interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Hiemann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Process Technology, Lausitz University of Applied Sciences, Senftenberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
An incremental approach to automated protein localisation. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9:445. [PMID: 18937856 PMCID: PMC2603336 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The subcellular localisation of proteins in intact living cells is an important means for gaining information about protein functions. Even dynamic processes can be captured, which can barely be predicted based on amino acid sequences. Besides increasing our knowledge about intracellular processes, this information facilitates the development of innovative therapies and new diagnostic methods. In order to perform such a localisation, the proteins under analysis are usually fused with a fluorescent protein. So, they can be observed by means of a fluorescence microscope and analysed. In recent years, several automated methods have been proposed for performing such analyses. Here, two different types of approaches can be distinguished: techniques which enable the recognition of a fixed set of protein locations and methods that identify new ones. To our knowledge, a combination of both approaches – i.e. a technique, which enables supervised learning using a known set of protein locations and is able to identify and incorporate new protein locations afterwards – has not been presented yet. Furthermore, associated problems, e.g. the recognition of cells to be analysed, have usually been neglected. Results We introduce a novel approach to automated protein localisation in living cells. In contrast to well-known techniques, the protein localisation technique presented in this article aims at combining the two types of approaches described above: After an automatic identification of unknown protein locations, a potential user is enabled to incorporate them into the pre-trained system. An incremental neural network allows the classification of a fixed set of protein location as well as the detection, clustering and incorporation of additional patterns that occur during an experiment. Here, the proposed technique achieves promising results with respect to both tasks. In addition, the protein localisation procedure has been adapted to an existing cell recognition approach. Therefore, it is especially well-suited for high-throughput investigations where user interactions have to be avoided. Conclusion We have shown that several aspects required for developing an automatic protein localisation technique – namely the recognition of cells, the classification of protein distribution patterns into a set of learnt protein locations, and the detection and learning of new locations – can be combined successfully. So, the proposed method constitutes a crucial step to render image-based protein localisation techniques amenable to large-scale experiments.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Morphology is an important large-scale manifestation of the global organizational and physiological state of cells, and is commonly used as a qualitative or quantitative measure of the outcome of various assays. Here we evaluate several different basic representations of cell shape - binary masks, distance maps and polygonal outlines - and different subsequent encodings of those representations - Fourier and Zernike decompositions, and the principal and independent components analyses - to determine which are best at capturing biologically important shape variation. We find that principal components analysis of two-dimensional shapes represented as outlines provide measures of morphology which are quantitative, biologically meaningful, human interpretable and work well across a range of cell types and parameter settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Pincus
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, and Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Paran Y, Ilan M, Kashman Y, Goldstein S, Liron Y, Geiger B, Kam Z. High-throughput screening of cellular features using high-resolution light-microscopy; Application for profiling drug effects on cell adhesion. J Struct Biol 2007; 158:233-43. [PMID: 17321150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution light-microscopy and high-throughput screening are two essential methodologies for characterizing cellular phenotypes. Optimally combining these methodologies in cell-based screening to test detailed molecular and cellular responses to multiple perturbations constitutes a major challenge. Here we describe the development and application of a screening microscope platform that automatically acquires and interprets sub-micron resolution images at fast rates. The analysis pipeline is based on the quantification of multiple subcellular features and statistical comparisons of their distributions in treated vs. control cells. Using this platform, we screened 2200 natural extracts for their effects on the fine structure and organization of focal adhesions. This screen identified 15 effective extracts whose fractionation and characterization were further analyzed using the same microscope system. The significance of combining resolution, throughput and multi-parametric analyses for biomedical research and drug discovery is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Paran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
MacArthur BD, Tare RS, Please CP, Prescott P, Oreffo ROC. A non-invasive method for in situ quantification of subpopulation behaviour in mixed cell culture. J R Soc Interface 2006; 3:63-9. [PMID: 16849218 PMCID: PMC1618488 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2005.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing advances in quantitative molecular- and cellular-biology highlight the need for correspondingly quantitative methods in tissue-biology, in which the presence and activity of specific cell-subpopulations can be assessed in situ. However, many experimental techniques disturb the natural tissue balance, making it difficult to draw realistic conclusions concerning in situ cell behaviour. In this study, we present a widely applicable and minimally invasive method which combines fluorescence cell labelling, retrospective image analysis and mathematical data processing to detect the presence and activity of cell subpopulations, using adhesion patterns in STRO-1 immunoselected human mesenchymal populations and the homogeneous osteoblast-like MG63 continuous cell line as an illustration. Adhesion is considered on tissue culture plastic and fibronectin surfaces, using cell area as a readily obtainable and individual cell specific measure of spreading. The underlying statistical distributions of cell areas are investigated and mappings between distributions are examined using a combination of graphical and non-parametric statistical methods. We show that activity can be quantified in subpopulations as small as 1% by cell number, and outline behaviour of significant subpopulations in both STRO-1+/- fractions. This method has considerable potential to understand in situ cell behaviour and thus has wide applicability, for example in developmental biology and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben D MacArthur
- University of Southampton, Bone and Joint Research Group, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pepperkok R, Ellenberg J. High-throughput fluorescence microscopy for systems biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7:690-6. [PMID: 16850035 DOI: 10.1038/nrm1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this post-genomic era, we need to define gene function on a genome-wide scale for model organisms and humans. The fundamental unit of biological processes is the cell. Among the most powerful tools to assay such processes in the physiological context of intact living cells are fluorescence microscopy and related imaging techniques. To enable these techniques to be applied to functional genomics experiments, fluorescence microscopy is making the transition to a quantitative and high-throughput technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology/Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen X, Murphy RF. Objective clustering of proteins based on subcellular location patterns. J Biomed Biotechnol 2005; 2005:87-95. [PMID: 16046813 PMCID: PMC1184054 DOI: 10.1155/jbb.2005.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of proteomics is the complete characterization of all proteins. Efforts to characterize subcellular location have been limited to assigning proteins to general categories of organelles. We have previously designed numerical features to describe location patterns in microscope images and developed automated classifiers that distinguish major subcellular patterns with high accuracy (including patterns not distinguishable by visual examination). The results suggest the feasibility of automatically determining which proteins share a single location pattern in a given cell type. We describe an automated method that selects the best feature set to describe images for a given collection of proteins and constructs an effective partitioning of the proteins by location. An example for a limited protein set is presented. As additional data become available, this approach can produce for the first time an objective systematics for protein location and provide an important starting point for discovering sequence motifs that determine localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert F. Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goldberg IG, Allan C, Burel JM, Creager D, Falconi A, Hochheiser H, Johnston J, Mellen J, Sorger PK, Swedlow JR. The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) Data Model and XML file: open tools for informatics and quantitative analysis in biological imaging. Genome Biol 2005; 6:R47. [PMID: 15892875 PMCID: PMC1175959 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) defines a data model and software implementation to serve as an informatics framework for imaging in biological microscopy experiments. The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) defines a data model and a software implementation to serve as an informatics framework for imaging in biological microscopy experiments, including representation of acquisition parameters, annotations and image analysis results. OME is designed to support high-content cell-based screening as well as traditional image analysis applications. The OME Data Model, expressed in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and realized in a traditional database, is both extensible and self-describing, allowing it to meet emerging imaging and analysis needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Goldberg
- Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chris Allan
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Burel
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Doug Creager
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Falconi
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Harry Hochheiser
- Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josiah Johnston
- Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeff Mellen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason R Swedlow
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|