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A novel assay based on pre-equilibrium titration curves for the determination of enzyme inhibitor binding kinetics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 50:1037-1043. [PMID: 34159406 PMCID: PMC8448677 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selection of pharmacological agents based on potency measurements performed at equilibrium fail to incorporate the kinetic aspects of the drug–target interaction. Here we describe a method for screening or characterization of enzyme inhibitors that allows the concomitant determination of the equilibrium inhibition constant in unison with rates of complex formation and dissociation. The assay is distinct from conventional enzymatic assays and is based on the analysis of inhibition curves recorded prior to full equilibration of the system. The methodology is illustrated using bicyclic peptide inhibitors of the serine protease plasma kallikrein.
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2
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Davidoff SN, Ditto NT, Brooks AE, Eckman J, Brooks BD. Surface Plasmon Resonance for Therapeutic Antibody Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2617-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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PURE ribosome display and its application in antibody technology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1925-1932. [PMID: 24747149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome display utilizes formation of the mRNA-ribosome-polypeptide ternary complex in a cell-free protein synthesis system to link genotype (mRNA) to phenotype (polypeptide). However, the presence of intrinsic components, such as nucleases in the cell-extract-based cell-free protein synthesis system, reduces the stability of the ternary complex, which would prevent attainment of reliable results. We have developed an efficient and highly controllable ribosome display system using the PURE (Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements) system. The mRNA-ribosome-polypeptide ternary complex is highly stable in the PURE system, and the selected mRNA can be easily recovered because activities of nucleases and other inhibitory factors are very low in the PURE system. We have applied the PURE ribosome display to antibody engineering approaches, such as epitope mapping and affinity maturation of antibodies, and obtained results showing that the PURE ribosome display is more efficient than the conventional method. We believe that the PURE ribosome display can contribute to the development of useful antibodies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Off-rate screening for selection of high-affinity anti-drug antibodies. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Smith AJ, Hancock MK, Bi K, Andrews J, Harrison P, Vaughan TJ. Feasibility of Implementing Cell-Based Pathway Reporter Assays in Early High-Throughput Screening Assay Cascades for Antibody Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:713-26. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057112442962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Implementing functional cell-based screens in early antibody discovery has become increasingly important to select antibodies with the desired profile. However, this is limited by assay tolerance to crude antibody preparations and assay sensitivity. The current study aims to address this challenge and identify routes forward. Two common types of high-throughput screening (HTS) antibody sample, derived from either phage display or hybridoma techniques, have been screened across a wide range of CellSensor beta-lactamase reporter assays in a variety of cell backgrounds to more extensively characterize assay tolerance. Pathway-, sample-, and cell background–specific effects were observed. Reporter assays for agonism were less affected by crude antibody preparations, with 8 of 21 sample tolerant, and the potential to implement an additional 8 assays by choosing the best-tolerated sample type. Antagonist mode assays exhibited more complexity, with potentiating as well as inhibitory effects. However, 5 of 24 antagonist assays were fully tolerant, with the potential to implement an additional 11 assays. Different subsets of assays were affected in agonist versus antagonist mode, and hybridoma sample sets were better tolerated overall. The study clearly demonstrates the potential to use cell-based reporter assays in biologics HTS, particularly if the method of antibody production is considered in the context of the required assay mode (agonist/antagonist).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kun Bi
- Life Technologies, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Bronner V, Denkberg G, Peled M, Elbaz Y, Zahavi E, Kasoto H, Reiter Y, Notcovich A, Bravman T. Therapeutic antibodies: Discovery and development using the ProteOn XPR36 biosensor interaction array system. Anal Biochem 2010; 406:147-56. [PMID: 20624370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are becoming a significant and rapidly growing class of therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Their discovery and development requires fast and high-throughput methodologies for screening and selecting appropriate candidate antibodies having high affinity for the target as well as high specificity and low cross-reactivity. This study demonstrates the use of the ProteOn XPR36 protein interaction array system and its novel approach, termed One-Shot Kinetics, for the rapid screening and selection of high-affinity antibodies. This approach allows multiple quantitative protein binding analyses in parallel, providing association, dissociation, and affinity constants for several antibodies or supernatants simultaneously in one experiment. We show that the ProteOn XPR36 system is a valuable tool for use across multiple stages of the therapeutic antibody discovery and development process, enabling efficient and rapid screening after panning, affinity maturation, assay validation, and clone selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Bronner
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Gutwirth Park, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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7
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Kontermann R, Dübel S. Anti-Histidine Antibodies as Tools for Reversible Capturing of His-Tagged Fusion Proteins for Subsequent Binding Analysis. ANTIBODY ENGINEERING 2010. [PMCID: PMC7115108 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01144-3_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hexahistidine tag is one of most commonly used fusion tags in affinity purification of recombinantly expressed proteins. Real-time binding analysis using Biacore technology allows in-depth characterization of respective association and dissociation patterns of potential binders. Here we tested four commercially available anti-His antibodies for reversible capturing of His-tagged proteins as a basis for a subsequent interaction analysis with non-His-tagged proteins. Anti-penta-, anti-hexa- and anti-RGS-(His)4 antibodies from different distributors were covalently coupled to Biacore sensor chips. Parallel binding studies of 12 heterogeneously sized RGS-(His)6-tagged (Arg-Gly-Ser-(His)6) proteins revealed that the slowest dissociation rate was obtained when using an anti-RGS-(His)4 antibody. Thus in a sandwich binding assay the anti-RGS-(His)4 antibody can be utilized as an appropriate tool for stable yet reversible capturing of RGS-(His)6-tagged proteins with a non-His-tagged protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kontermann
- (Biomedical Engineering) Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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8
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Parisot J, Kurz K, Hilbrig F, Freitag R. Use of azobenzene amino acids as photo-responsive conformational switches to regulate antibody-antigen interaction. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1613-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Hosse RJ, Tay L, Hattarki MK, Pontes-Braz L, Pearce LA, Nuttall SD, Dolezal O. Kinetic screening of antibody–Im7 conjugates by capture on a colicin E7 DNase domain using optical biosensors. Anal Biochem 2009; 385:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Nahshol O, Bronner V, Notcovich A, Rubrecht L, Laune D, Bravman T. Parallel kinetic analysis and affinity determination of hundreds of monoclonal antibodies using the ProteOn XPR36. Anal Biochem 2008; 383:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Sandoval WN, Pham VC, Lill JR. Recent developments in microwave-assisted protein chemistries – can this be integrated into the drug discovery and validation process? Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:1075-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Screening of High-Affinity scFvs From a Ribosome Displayed Library Using BIAcore Biosensor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 152:224-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Jonsson A, Dogan J, Herne N, Abrahmsen L, Nygren PA. Engineering of a femtomolar affinity binding protein to human serum albumin. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:515-27. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Screening isolates from antibody phage-display libraries. Drug Discov Today 2007; 13:318-24. [PMID: 18405844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody phage display, coupled with automated screening, facilitates and potentiates the mining of complex combinatorial libraries and the identification of potent drug leads. In managing phage screening data, the behavior of individual phage isolates in binding assays must be linked to their antibody identities as deduced from DNA sequencing. Reviewed here are recently reported approaches for high-throughput screening of clones isolated from phage antibody libraries after selection on a defined antigen. Specific information management challenges, and possible solutions, are described for organizing screening data to enable rapid lead discovery using these antibody libraries.
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Leonard P, Säfsten P, Hearty S, McDonnell B, Finlay W, O'Kennedy R. High throughput ranking of recombinant avian scFv antibody fragments from crude lysates using the Biacore A100. J Immunol Methods 2007; 323:172-9. [PMID: 17532001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular evolution strategies have made it possible to identify antibodies with exquisite specificities and also to fine-tune their biophysical properties for practically any specified application. Depending on the desired function, antibody/antigen interactions can be long-lived or short-lived and, therefore, particular attention is needed when seeking to identify antibodies with specific reaction-rate and affinity properties. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors routinely generate sensitive and reliable kinetic data from antibody/antigen interactions for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, many kinetic-based screening assays require rigorous sample preparation and purification prior to analysis. To ameliorate this problem, we developed a rapid and reliable assay for characterising recombinant scFv antibody fragments, directly from crude bacterial lysates. Ninety-six scFv antibodies derived from chickens immunised with C-reactive protein (CRP) were selected by phage display and evaluated using the Biacore A100 protein interaction array system. Antibodies were captured from crude bacterial extracts on the sensor chip surface and ranked based on the percentage of the complex left (% left) after dissociation in buffer. Kinetic rate constants (k(a) and k(d)) and affinity (K(D)) data were obtained for six clones that bound monomeric CRP across a broad affinity range (2.54 x 10(-8) to 3.53 x 10(-10) M). Using this assay format the A100 biosensor yielded high quality kinetic data, permitting the screening of nearly 400 antibody clones per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Leonard
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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