1
|
Lambiase G, Klottrup-Rees K, Lovelady C, Ali S, Shepherd S, Muroni M, Lindo V, James DC, Dickman MJ. An automated, low volume, and high-throughput analytical platform for aggregate quantitation from cell culture media. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463809. [PMID: 36731329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening methods have driven a paradigm shift in biopharmaceutical development by reducing the costs of good manufactured (COGM) and accelerate the launch to market of novel drug products. Scale-down cell culture systems such as shaken 24- and 96-deep-well plates (DWPs) are used for initial screening of hundreds of recombinant mammalian clonal cell lines to quickly and efficiently select the best producing strains expressing product quality attributes that fit to industry platform. A common modification monitored from early-stage product development is protein aggregation due to its impact on safety and efficacy. This study aims to integrate high-throughput analysis of aggregation-prone therapeutic proteins with 96-deep well plate screening to rank clones based on the aggregation levels of the expressed proteins. Here we present an automated, small-scale analytical platform workflow combining the purification and subsequent aggregation analysis of protein biopharmaceuticals expressed in 96-DWP cell cultures. Product purification was achieved by small-scale solid-phase extraction using dual flow chromatography (DFC) automated on a robotic liquid handler for the parallel processing of up to 96 samples at a time. At-line coupling of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a 2.1 mm ID column enabled the detection of aggregates with sub-2 µg sensitivity and a 3.5 min run time. The entire workflow was designed as an application to aggregation-prone mAbs and "mAb-like" next generation biopharmaceuticals, such as bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Application of the high-throughput analytical workflow to a shake plate overgrow (SPOG) screen, enabled the screening of 384 different clonal cell lines in 32 h, requiring < 2 μg of protein per sample. Aggregation levels expressed by the clones varied between 9 and 76%. This high-throughput analytical workflow allowed for the early elimination of clonal cell lines with high aggregation, demonstrating the advantage of integrating analytical testing for critical quality attributes (CQAs) earlier in product development to drive better decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lambiase
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK; Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerensa Klottrup-Rees
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Lovelady
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salma Ali
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Shepherd
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maurizio Muroni
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vivian Lindo
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Jiang L, Cao Y, Deng C, Li Y. Tractable Method for Rapid Quality Assessment of Therapeutic Antibodies in Harvested Cell Culture Fluid based on FcγRIIIa-Immobilized Magnetic Microspheres. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11492-11499. [PMID: 35938925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FcγRIIIa-binding affinity is one of the key factors to ensure the efficacy of many antitumor therapeutic antibodies, which should be monitored along with the titer, protein aggregation, and other critical quality attributes. The conventional workflow for the quality assessment of therapeutic antibodies in harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) is time-consuming and costly nevertheless. In this study, a tractable method was established for rapid quality assessment of a HCCF sample through differentially extracting IgG with different FcγRIIIa affinity levels using FcγRIIIa-immobilized magnetic microspheres, followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine the amount and monomer percentage of IgGs in the preceding eluate. FcγRIIIa-immobilized magnetic microspheres with polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophilic dendrimer (PAMAM) coating (denoted as Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM-FcγRIIIa) were synthesized for the first time as magnetic adsorbents. The PDA cladding endowed the composites with good chemical stability in acidic elution buffer, and the PAMAM dendrimer empowered the composites of high ligand immobilization capacity and hydrophilic surface. The labile FcγRIIIa was immobilized under mild conditions. By directly applying a simple magnetic solid phase extraction procedure to treat HCCF, favored IgG species with high FcγRIIIa affinity would be selectively captured by Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM-FcγRIIIa composites for subsequent SEC analysis. The monomer peak area value in SEC, which was set as the read-out of the proposed method, correlated directly with the theoretical overall quality of standard-spiked HCCF samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqing Cao
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhattacharya S, Sarin D. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D-LC): Analysis of Size-Based Heterogeneities in Monoclonal Antibody–Based Biotherapeutic Products. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.cz9881a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) dominate the pipelines in the biopharmaceutical industry today. Being complex products, this class of molecules has numerous critical quality attributes (CQAs). Their thorough characterization is a necessary and critical component of biopharmaceutical product development. One CQA is size-based heterogeneity. Aggregates are widely considered a CQA because of their likely impact on the immunogenicity of the product. There is no single analytical tool that can accurately characterize aggregates because of the significant diversity that they exhibit with respect to size, structure, and morphology. As a result, it is common practice to use multiple, orthogonal analytical tools for aggregate characterization. This article reviews efforts targeting the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) for aggregate characterization.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dunn ZD, Desai J, Leme GM, Stoll DR, Richardson DD. Rapid two-dimensional Protein-A size exclusion chromatography of monoclonal antibodies for titer and aggregation measurements from harvested cell culture fluid samples. MAbs 2021; 12:1702263. [PMID: 31876441 PMCID: PMC6973321 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1702263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have increased pharmaceutical investment in mAb production, which has led to a greater demand of technologies to efficiently characterize these biotherapeutics. The large size and heterogeneity of mAbs require the measurement of multiple critical quality attributes (CQAs) during production. The current workflow to measure CQAs of antibodies involves multiple one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods, including Protein-A (ProA), ion-exchange (IEX), reversed-phase, size exclusion (SEC), hydrophilic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction (HIC). Recent advances in commercial two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) affords an opportunity to perform two separations at once to measure multiple CQAs in a single assay. Here, we describe the development of a 2D ProA–SEC method using entirely commercially available instrumentation. Each individual separation and the transfer of material between dimensions were optimized to develop a method that measures titer and aggregation of a target antibody from harvested cell culture fluid in under 5 min. We determined the effects of each parameter of the method on mAb recovery and stability, as well as speed, robustness, resolution, and accuracy of the aggregate amount detected in the second dimension (2D). While there are still sources of error caused by hardware limitations, our rapid ProA-SEC method is an effective screening tool with a significant throughput advantage over previously described methods. Additionally, this work serves as a basis for developing other 2D-LC methods with ProA as the first dimension (1D) separation coupled with different 2D separation, such as ProA-IEX and ProA-HIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Dunn
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Gabriel M Leme
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Trang HK, Desai J, Dunn ZD, Richardson DD, Marcus RK. Fiber-based HIC capture loop for coupling of protein A and size exclusion chromatography in a two-dimensional separation of monoclonal antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1098:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Goyon A, Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Unraveling the mysteries of modern size exclusion chromatography - the way to achieve confident characterization of therapeutic proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:368-378. [PMID: 29936373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modern size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be defined by the use of relatively small columns (e.g., 150 × 4.6 mm) packed with sub-3 μm particles, allowing a 3- to 5-fold increase in method throughput compared to that of conventional SEC. The quick success of the first sub-2 μm SEC column introduced in 2010 led to the development of numerous ultra-high performance (UHP)-SEC columns for the analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based products. Aggregates also known as high-molecular-weight species (HMWS) are indeed one of the most important critical quality attributes (CQAs) of mAbs, as HMWS may decrease the product efficacy or cause immunogenicity effects. Therefore, the confident characterization of mAbs requires strong knowledge of not only modern SEC performance (i.e., selectivity and efficiency) but also the inherent limitations caused by non-specific interactions more likely to occur with complex antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and some commercial mAb products. This review discusses the importance of liquid chromatographic (LC) instrumentation in order to exploit the full potential of modern SEC columns and current trends to hyphenate SEC to mass spectrometry (MS). Recent applications for antibody-based products (i.e., mAbs, ADCs, Fc-Fusion proteins and bispecific antibodies) are presented. Finally, tips and tricks are provided to further optimize SEC separations and maintaining their performance over time with better understanding of unexpected SEC results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF, Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Rodriguez E, Bi C, Zheng X, Suresh D, Suh K, Li Z, Elsebaei F, Hage DS. High performance affinity chromatography and related separation methods for the analysis of biological and pharmaceutical agents. Analyst 2018; 143:374-391. [PMID: 29200216 PMCID: PMC5768458 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed the development of many high-performance separation methods that use biologically related binding agents. The combination of HPLC with these binding agents results in a technique known as high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). This review will discuss the general principles of HPAC and related techniques, with an emphasis on their use for the analysis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical agents. Various types of binding agents for these methods will be considered, including antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins, aptamers, enzymes, lectins, transport proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Formats that will be discussed for these methods range from the direct detection of an analyte to indirect detection based on chromatographic immunoassays, as well as schemes based on analyte extraction or depletion, post-column detection, and multi-column systems. The use of biological agents in HPLC for chiral separations will also be considered, along with the use of HPAC as a tool to screen or study biological interactions. Various examples will be presented to illustrate these approaches and their applications in fields such as biochemistry, clinical chemistry, and pharmaceutical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Automated 2D-HPLC method for characterization of protein aggregation with in-line fraction collection device. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Kim BG, Park HW. Arginine as an eluent overcomes the hindrance of monoclonal antibody quantification by dextran sulfate in protein A affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1536-41. [PMID: 26363185 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Analytical chromatography using protein A affinity columns was employed for the fast and simple quantitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from suspension cultures of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells. Reliable results could not be obtained from analysis of rCHO cell culture supernatants containing dextran sulfate using elution buffers such as phosphate, glycine, or MgCl2 . These problems increased as the number of analysis and the concentration of dextran sulfate in samples increased. Arginine was identified as an alternative eluent to overcome the hindrance by dextran sulfate. When the samples contain dextran sulfate up to 100 mg/L, the elution buffer containing 0.6-1.0 M arginine at pH 3.0-3.8 is useful for the effective analysis. Reproducible results in the mAb quantification could be obtained by this developed arginine elution buffer from rCHO cell culture supernatants containing dextran sulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Gyun Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Hong Woo Park
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Application of coupled affinity-sizing chromatography for the detection of proteolyzed HSA-tagged proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 108:80-84. [PMID: 25514202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coupled affinity liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography (ALC-SEC) is a technique that has been shown to successfully report product quality of proteins during cell expression and prior to the commencement of downstream processing chromatography steps. This method was applied to monitoring the degradation and subsequent partial remediation of a HSA-tagged protein which showed proteolysis, allowing for rapid cell line development to address this product quality dilemma. This paper outlines the novel application of this method for measuring and addressing protease-induced proteolysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gjoka X, Schofield M, Cvetkovic A, Gantier R. Combined Protein A and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography for the single-step measurement of mAb, aggregates and host cell proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 972:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Barton C, Spencer D, Levitskaya S, Feng J, Harris R, Schenerman MA. Heterogeneity of IgGs: Role of Production, Processing, and Storage on Structure and Function. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1176.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Barton
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Spencer
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sophia Levitskaya
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Feng
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Reed Harris
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark A. Schenerman
- Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|