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Huber J, Schönthaler S, Hofner M, Gillitschka Y, Soldo R, Milchram L, Vierlinger K, Nöhammer C, Weinhäusel A. Accessing Antibody Reactivities in Serum or Plasma to (Auto-)antigens Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Protein Immunoassays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:413-438. [PMID: 36781800 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody (AB) testing or serotesting for reactive ABs against antigenic proteins is broadly used. Parallel examination of many antigens is of high interest to identify autoantibodies (AAB) or differential antigenic reactivities in many biological settings like allergy and infectious autoimmune, cancerous, or systemic disease. The resulting AAB profiles can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of such conditions. Protein microarrays have been used for AB profiling over the past decade but show some significant limitations which make them unsuitable for clinical applications. Alternative multiplexing platforms such as bead arrays were shown to provide a versatile tool for the confirmation and efficient analysis of high numbers of biological samples. Luminex' bead-based xMAP technology combines advantages such as multiplexing and lower demand for sample volume and at the same time overcomes the challenges of microarrays. It works faster, shows better antigen stability, is more reproducible, and allows the analysis of up to 500 analytes in one sample well. In this chapter we introduce our established workflow for the use of the xMAP technology for AB profiling including an overview of the method principle and protocols for the covalent immobilization of proteins to the MagPlex beads, confirmation of protein coupling, the execution of a multiplexed bead-based protein immunoassay, and subsequent data handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Huber
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Silvia Schönthaler
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Hofner
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasmin Gillitschka
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Soldo
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Milchram
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Nöhammer
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
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